Effects of temperature on fertilized eggs and larvae of tawny puffer Takifugu flavidus

Tawny puffer Takifugu flavidus is a species found in China considered to have potential for aquaculture. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal temperature for its incubation and larval culture. Fertilized eggs collected from cultured broodstocks that were induced to ovulate with a [d ‐Ala⁶‐Pro⁹‐Net]‐luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue were inseminated. The effect of temperature (19, 20, 23, 26 and 29 °C) on the hatch rate, incubation period, viability of 24 h post‐hatch larvae and total mortality rate was assessed. The effect of temperature (20, 23, 26 and 29 °C) on the growth and survival of larvae from 3 to 19 days after hatching (dah) was also assessed. The results showed that the optimal temperature for successful development of fertilized eggs ranged from 23 to 26 °C, and the highest hatch rate, the optimal viability of 24 h post‐hatch larvae and the lowest total mortality rate were all predicted using quadratic equations. The relationship between temperature and the incubation period of tawny puffer eggs was determined using the effective degree‐day model. The temperature at developmental zero (t₀) was 11.34 °C, and the sum of effective degree‐days (k) was 52.356. The survival rate of tawny puffer larvae at 20 °C was significantly lower than among 23, 26 and 29 °C, whereas the survival rate was not significantly different from that at 23, 26 and 29 °C. The larval growth rate increased rapidly as the temperature increased, showing a linear relationship in the range of temperatures investigated. The optimal temperature for larval culture ranged from 23 to 29 °C.     

Inclusion of blue mussel extract in diets based on fish and soybean meals for tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes

Inclusion of the water-soluble fraction of blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis as a feed additive was examined with tiger puffer Takifugu rupbripes. The control diet mainly consisted of fish meal, potato starch, and pollack liver oil. Experimental diets were formulated to replace 30% and 40% of the fish meal protein with defatted soybean meal (SBM), and were supplemented with 0–20% mussel extracts. Fish of 18 g initial body weight were fed each diet to satiation, twice daily, 6 days per week for 7 weeks at 20°C. Weight gain and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diet containing SBM without the extract were significantly lower than those of the control at the 30% replacement level. Addition of 5% or 10% extract improved the growth and feed utilization to levels comparable to those of the control. At 40% substitution, statistically identical growth and feed performance to the control were obtained for diets supplemented with 10% or 20% extract; however, performance for 5% addition was significantly lower. Thus, the water-soluble fraction of blue mussels would be an effective feeding stimulant in aquaculture feed for tiger puffer that makes it possible to replace 30–40% of fish meal protein with SBM.     

长湖沙塘鳢形态参数关系的初步研究

测量并分析了沙塘鳢(Odontobutis obscu rus(TemmincketSchlegel))的体重、体长、全长、体宽、体高、头长、眼间距、吻宽和尾柄高及其相互关系,除体长与体重的关系以模型y=axb拟合较好外,体长与其它长度指标的关系均以模型y=a bx拟合较好。随着体长的增加,体高/体长、眼间距/体长和吻宽/体长等指标均显著增加,这表明,随着沙塘鳢的生长,鱼类的体型一直在发生变化。     

暗纹东方鲀致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定

从濒死的暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)体内分离到一株优势菌株,经形态观察、生化、16 S rDNA聚合酶链式反应(PCR)以及人工感染健康暗纹东方鲀和ICR小鼠等试验可知,该菌对小鼠和暗纹东方鲀半数致死量(LD卯)分别为2.26×106 CFU/mL、5.96×104 CFU/mL;其16 S rDNA序列与维氏气单胞菌具有高度的同源性,根据该菌的形态特征、生理生化特性,初步鉴定该菌为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),命名为NT-HV.选择9种水产常用药物进行药敏试验,结果显示该菌对氟苯尼考、复方新诺明、新霉素、氧哌嗪青霉素敏感,对养殖场常用的四环素、强力霉素、羧苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素不敏感,提示在药物的使用过程中应注意药物的浓度和合理轮换.     

暗孢耳霉对甘蓝蚜的致病机理

通过石蜡切片技术,研究了暗孢耳霉侵染甘蓝蚜的致病机理。暗孢耳霉侵染寄主过程是其与寄主甘蓝蚜相互作用的结果。在这个过程中,寄主组织病理变化伴随着体色及其他外部特征的变化而变化。接种后暗孢耳霉分生孢子在甘蓝蚜体壁上萌发出芽管侵入其体内,以原生质体形式利用寄主体内营养进行繁殖。当原生质体充满寄主血腔时,原生质体分化生出细胞壁成为菌丝段,寄主死亡。接种36h,甘蓝蚜死亡率仅为5%;48h后死亡率为10%,144h后43%蚜虫死亡。刚死亡的蚜虫体色为灰白色,随着时间的增加,体色转为白色,并在体壁上长满灰白色的绒毛。     

药性菌质对提高暗纹东方触免疫力的影响

[目的]证明药性菌质对提高鱼类免疫力的作用。[方法]以暗纹东方能为对象,在中洋集团下属龙洋河纯养殖厂进行试验,基础饲料中分别添加不同浓度的药性菌质（0.5％、1．0％、2．0％）,并与不添加药性菌质的对照组进行比较。试验期间,各试验组的水质基本一致,2个月后对各组个体进行溶菌酶活力、碱性磷酸酶活力、酸性磷酸酶活力和SOD活力的测定。[结果]药性菌质能有效地促进受试组鱼体的生长,明显提高受试鱼的免疫力,其效果与添加剂量和饲喂时间长短有关。以2。0％组效果最佳,其次是1．0％组。4个组免疫能力从大到小的排序依次是：2．0％〉1．0％〉对照〉0、5％。[结论]药性菌质的适宜添加量为2．0％;药性菌质适宜作为饲料添加剂应用在名优鱼种养殖上。     

Comparison of Nutrient Components in the Muscle of Wild and Artificially Reared Takifugu obscurus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

大方县2009年玉米生长前期病虫害的发生及防治

对大方县2009年玉米生长初期的病虫害发生情况进行了调查。结果表明:玉米黄呆蓟马是发生的主要虫害,且大面积暴发性发生;玉米锈病和大斑病是主要病害,它们虽然零星发生,但已有快速蔓延的趋势。为免对玉米中后期造成更严重的损失,对3种主要病虫害进行了化学防治。     

红鳍东方鲀gsdf基因的克隆及表达模式分析

为研究红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes的性别决定因子(gonadal soma derived factor,GSDF),利用c DNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)首次克隆了红鳍东方鲀gsdf基因(Trgsdf)的c DNA全长序列(Gen Bank登陆号:KR914667)。结果表明:Trgsdf c DNA序列全长为1734 bp,其中5'端非编码区144 bp,开放阅读框648 bp,3'端非编码区942 bp,共编码215个氨基酸;预测的氨基酸序列中存在1个长度为19个氨基酸的信号肽和相同长度的跨膜区,1个N-糖基化位点NST,1个TGF-β家族成员特有的保守结构域;BLAST同源性分析结果显示,红鳍东方鲀GSDF氨基酸序列与其他鱼类的相似性为26%~58%;系统发育分析结果显示,鱼类GSDF单独聚为一支,与TGF-β超家族内的其他成员分开,红鳍东方鲀与青鳉Oryzias latipes GSDF的亲缘关系最近,先聚为一支,后与三斑海猪鱼Halichoeres trimaculatus聚在一起,与矛尾鱼Latimeria menadoensis的GSDF亲缘关系最远;应用RT-PCR技术检测Trgsdf mRNA在雌性和雄性红鳍东方鲀成鱼不同组织中的表达,结果显示,Trgsdf mRNA在卵巢和精巢中高表达,在皮肤和肌肉组织中微量表达,在其他组织中无表达;采用相对实时荧光定量PCR方法比较了成鱼卵巢和精巢中Trgsdf mRNA的表达量,结果显示,Trgsdf mRNA在精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢(P0.05),约为卵巢表达量的6倍。研究表明,gsdf基因可能在红鳍东方鲀的性腺尤其是精巢的分化和发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

集约化养殖条件下暗纹东方鲀行为习性的初步观察

通过一个完整的商品鱼养殖周期,观察并定性描述了集约化养殖条件下暗纹东方鲀的行为习性,主要包括栖息习性、对水温及溶氧的反应、游泳行为、摄食行为、鼓气行为、攻击及相残行为等,同时结合养殖生产对行为的应用进行了探讨。