暗孢耳霉对甘蓝蚜的致病机理

通过石蜡切片技术,研究了暗孢耳霉侵染甘蓝蚜的致病机理。暗孢耳霉侵染寄主过程是其与寄主甘蓝蚜相互作用的结果。在这个过程中,寄主组织病理变化伴随着体色及其他外部特征的变化而变化。接种后暗孢耳霉分生孢子在甘蓝蚜体壁上萌发出芽管侵入其体内,以原生质体形式利用寄主体内营养进行繁殖。当原生质体充满寄主血腔时,原生质体分化生出细胞壁成为菌丝段,寄主死亡。接种36h,甘蓝蚜死亡率仅为5%;48h后死亡率为10%,144h后43%蚜虫死亡。刚死亡的蚜虫体色为灰白色,随着时间的增加,体色转为白色,并在体壁上长满灰白色的绒毛。     

红鳍东方鲀gsdf基因的克隆及表达模式分析

为研究红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes的性别决定因子(gonadal soma derived factor,GSDF),利用c DNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)首次克隆了红鳍东方鲀gsdf基因(Trgsdf)的c DNA全长序列(Gen Bank登陆号:KR914667)。结果表明:Trgsdf c DNA序列全长为1734 bp,其中5'端非编码区144 bp,开放阅读框648 bp,3'端非编码区942 bp,共编码215个氨基酸;预测的氨基酸序列中存在1个长度为19个氨基酸的信号肽和相同长度的跨膜区,1个N-糖基化位点NST,1个TGF-β家族成员特有的保守结构域;BLAST同源性分析结果显示,红鳍东方鲀GSDF氨基酸序列与其他鱼类的相似性为26%~58%;系统发育分析结果显示,鱼类GSDF单独聚为一支,与TGF-β超家族内的其他成员分开,红鳍东方鲀与青鳉Oryzias latipes GSDF的亲缘关系最近,先聚为一支,后与三斑海猪鱼Halichoeres trimaculatus聚在一起,与矛尾鱼Latimeria menadoensis的GSDF亲缘关系最远;应用RT-PCR技术检测Trgsdf mRNA在雌性和雄性红鳍东方鲀成鱼不同组织中的表达,结果显示,Trgsdf mRNA在卵巢和精巢中高表达,在皮肤和肌肉组织中微量表达,在其他组织中无表达;采用相对实时荧光定量PCR方法比较了成鱼卵巢和精巢中Trgsdf mRNA的表达量,结果显示,Trgsdf mRNA在精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢(P0.05),约为卵巢表达量的6倍。研究表明,gsdf基因可能在红鳍东方鲀的性腺尤其是精巢的分化和发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

药性菌质对提高暗纹东方触免疫力的影响

[目的]证明药性菌质对提高鱼类免疫力的作用。[方法]以暗纹东方能为对象,在中洋集团下属龙洋河纯养殖厂进行试验,基础饲料中分别添加不同浓度的药性菌质（0.5％、1．0％、2．0％）,并与不添加药性菌质的对照组进行比较。试验期间,各试验组的水质基本一致,2个月后对各组个体进行溶菌酶活力、碱性磷酸酶活力、酸性磷酸酶活力和SOD活力的测定。[结果]药性菌质能有效地促进受试组鱼体的生长,明显提高受试鱼的免疫力,其效果与添加剂量和饲喂时间长短有关。以2。0％组效果最佳,其次是1．0％组。4个组免疫能力从大到小的排序依次是：2．0％〉1．0％〉对照〉0、5％。[结论]药性菌质的适宜添加量为2．0％;药性菌质适宜作为饲料添加剂应用在名优鱼种养殖上。     

Comparison of Nutrient Components in the Muscle of Wild and Artificially Reared Takifugu obscurus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.     

大方县2009年玉米生长前期病虫害的发生及防治

对大方县2009年玉米生长初期的病虫害发生情况进行了调查。结果表明:玉米黄呆蓟马是发生的主要虫害,且大面积暴发性发生;玉米锈病和大斑病是主要病害,它们虽然零星发生,但已有快速蔓延的趋势。为免对玉米中后期造成更严重的损失,对3种主要病虫害进行了化学防治。     

合肥地区虫霉资源调查

１９９８年冬季和１９９９年夏季及冬季对合肥市郊部分地区蔬菜上虫霉流行情况进行了初步调查,经鉴定,冬季流行的病原菌为６种虫霉：新蚜虫疠霉（Ｐａｎｄｏｒａ ｎｅｏａｐｈｉｄｉｓ）、暗孢耳霉（Ｃｏｎｉｄｉｏｂｏｌｕｓ ｏｂｓｃｕｒｕｓ）、普朗肯虫霉（Ｅｎｔｏｍｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ｐｌａｎｃｈｏｎｉａｎａ）、安徽虫瘟霉（Ｚｏｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ａｎｈｕｉｅｎｓｉｓ）、根虫瘟霉（Ｚｏｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ｒａｄｉｃ     

集约化养殖条件下暗纹东方鲀行为习性的初步观察

通过一个完整的商品鱼养殖周期,观察并定性描述了集约化养殖条件下暗纹东方鲀的行为习性,主要包括栖息习性、对水温及溶氧的反应、游泳行为、摄食行为、鼓气行为、攻击及相残行为等,同时结合养殖生产对行为的应用进行了探讨。     

红鳍东方鲀养殖群体生化遗传变异初步研究

采用水平凝胶电泳技术对红鳍东方鲀养殖群体进行了同工酶分析。本实验采用肌肉和肝脏两种组织,分析了8种酶,检测到9个位点,在0.99水平上,PGM*和IDHP*表现为多态,MPI*、LDH*、AAT*、SOD*、MDH-1*、MDH-2*和G3PDH*均为单态,多态位点比例为0.2222,平均预期杂合度为0.0998,实际观测杂合度为0.0467,平均有效等位基因数目为1.1840,PGM*位点的遗传偏离指数为-0.0707,杂合子缺失,IDHP*位点无杂合子,遗传偏离指数为-1。     

Isolation of microsatellite markers by in silico screening implicated for genetic linkage mapping in Japanese pufferfish Takifugu rubripes

ABSTRACT:   The search for dinucleotide repeat microsatellites within scaffolds 1–25 of genome database JGI Fugu v3.0 for the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes revealed that 80% of microsatellite loci consisted of five to 13-fold repeats with locus-specific differences in density. Eleven out of 15 microsatellite loci isolated from the database with which genotyping using wild pufferfish was successfully performed showed polymorphism; that is, the means of the number of alleles and expected and observed heterozygosities at these 11 loci were 21.8, 0.915 and 0.829, respectively. It was confirmed that eight out of the 11 polymorphic loci were inherited through the Mendelian law and one pair of microsatellite loci derived from the same scaffold was linked. These results demonstrated that these loci are useful for constructing a linkage map in the pufferfish as DNA markers.     

养殖红鳍东方鲀可追溯性信息模型的构建

以养殖红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes为例,通过对案例进行实地调查,系统地分析了中国现有河豚鱼的供应链安全管理状况。首先,沿着供应链开展每个环节的操作要点分析,并对现有的信息记录现状进行了归纳总结;然后,根据对产业链的实地调查结果,结合河豚鱼食品安全的特殊性,确定了与全链可追溯性密切相关的11个关键环节;最后,通过借鉴欧盟水产品可追溯体系管理模式,结合中国国情,围绕要规范的11个关键环节,制订了对每个环节可追溯性管理规范的必要信息细则模式。本研究中所建立的养殖红鳍东方鲀可追溯性信息模型,对于规范中国河豚鱼供应链的安全管理机制具有重要的实践指导意义。