菊黄东方鲀鱼精蛋白提取工艺优化研究

为研究河鲀鱼精蛋白的制备工艺,以菊黄东方鲀(Takifugu Flavidus)精巢为原料,以鱼精蛋白提取率为指标,通过单因素试验研究NaCl溶液的pH、硫酸浓度、硫酸用量、提取温度、提取时间以及乙醇用量等单因素对鱼精蛋白提取率的影响,在此基础上,采用响应面法优化鱼精蛋白的提取工艺条件。结果显示,采用响应面法优化获得河鲀鱼精蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为:NaCl溶液pH 8.5,硫酸浓度0.6 mol/L,硫酸用量4.0倍沉淀体积,提取温度45℃,提取时间2.4 h,乙醇用量4.0倍沉淀体积,此时鱼精蛋白提取率达到19.07%。研究表明,响应面法对河鲀鱼精蛋白提取条件的优化方案合理可行,可为河鲀精巢的开发利用提供参考依据。     

Induced Ovulation in Obscure Puffer Takifugu obscurus by Injections of LHRH-a

Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus (Abedate) is one of the several species of Takifugu genus that migrate to the Yangtze River, China during the spawning season of February to May. It is a popular fish among locals and fetches a premium price owing to its high-quality meat. It is also a potential species for intensive culture as its natural populations are currently declining. There have been no published studies on the effects of GnRH-a injection on the obscure puffer. In this paper, we report the results of several obscure puffer ovulation trials conducted in 1995 and 1996. We demonstrated that ovulation could successfully be induced in obscure puffer collected from open systems during spawning period using a dosage of LHRH-a as low as 40 µg kg^–1 in two injections. We found no significant differences among 80, 60, 40 µg LHRH-a kg^–1 treatments in ovulation success, egg production, fertilization rate and hatch rate. Accordingly, we recommend the use of 40 µg LHRH-a kg^–1 as the optimal dosage from an economical point of view.     

Histopathological studies on Vibrio harveyi– infected tiger puffer,Takifugu rubripes (Temminck et Schlegel), cultured in Japan

Vibrio harveyi infection occurred with a moderate mortality in tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck et Schlegel), in autumn 2007, at a mariculture farm in western Japan. The diseased fish showed nodular lesions in the branchial chamber and the inner surface of the operculum. Histopathologically, the lesions comprised granulation tissue containing many suppurative foci allowing propagation of the bacteria and granuloma encapsulating abscesses with a decrease in bacteria. The bacteria were disseminated in visceral organs including the spleen, kidney, liver, and myocardium, resulting in the formation of granulomatous lesions. Two groups of tiger puffer juveniles were artificially infected by an intramuscular injection with an isolate (1.0_10⁸ CFU/fish). During the experimental period, 20% mortality occurred within 4–6 days post‐infection (d.p.i). The fish sampled on 4 d.p.i showed abscesses in the lateral musculature at the injection site. The fish sampled 5 d.p.i. displayed the production of granulation tissue containing many suppurative foci, which replaced the necrotic dermis and lateral musculature. Surviving fish (15 d.p.i.) had granulomatous lesions in the lateral musculature at the injection site. Pyogranulomatosis is pathognomonic in V. harveyi infection of tiger puffer.     

光照强度对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼摄食的影响

在0～1000lx光照范围内,对不同光照强度下暗纹东方鲀稚鱼摄食量进行了测定,稚鱼在500lx时摄食强度最大,其次为300、700lx,摄食率在500lx时最高,并在5min时达到最大值,40～60min时段摄食效率最低接近停食。     

集约化养殖条件下暗纹东方魨生长特征的研究

报道了在集约化养殖条件下４～２０月龄暗纹东方的生长特征。其中体长、体重的相对生长率和生长指标皆随月龄增加而逐渐下降。体长与体重呈指数曲线相关，方程为，体长、体重的生长方程分别为Ｌ＝１１９．５６Ｌｎ（ｔ）－９０．４６９，Ｗ＝０．４１２７ｔ。试验表明，暗纹东方纯在集约化养殖条件下具有良好的生长潜力，可进行规模化商品鱼养殖。     

塘养一龄与二龄暗纹东方鲀鱼体的生化组成

对池塘养殖暗纹东方 (Fuguobscurus)的一龄鱼 (体重 40～ 80g)、二龄鱼 (体重 2 0 0～ 30 0g)鱼体的生化组成进行了比较分析。结果表明 :二龄鱼的粗蛋白含量低于一龄鱼 ,而粗脂肪含量则明显高于一龄鱼 ;在必需氨基酸中 ,二龄鱼除了赖氨酸、精氨酸含量明显高于一龄鱼外 ,其余氨基酸的含量几乎都低于一龄鱼 ,且它们的组成比例较接近 ,在非必需氨基酸中 ,一龄鱼、二龄鱼均以谷氨酸的含量为最高 ,分别占非必需氨基酸的 2 6 .5 4%和 2 6 .6 9% ;在脂肪酸的组成上 ,二龄鱼的单烯酸的含量都比一龄鱼高 ,尤其是C18∶1含量比一龄鱼高 12 .2 3 % ,而饱和脂肪酸、多烯酸的含量则一龄鱼比二龄鱼含量高 ,尤其是DHA的含量比二龄鱼高 4.43 % ;在测定的 14种矿物元素中 ,二龄鱼的Ca、Zn的含量明显高于一龄鱼外 ,其余元素的含量略低于或接近一龄鱼。     

对虾、东方鲀和星虫混养模式的氮磷收支研究

以凡纳滨对虾和菊黄东方鲀的封闭式混养系统为对照组,在对照组的混养基础上移植可口革囊星虫,并以该混养系统为实验组,研究星虫对鱼虾混养系统氮、磷收支的影响.结果表明：凡纳滨对虾的体重增长率,实验组高于对照组,但差异不显著;动物体氮、磷累积量,实验组显著高于对照组;底质中氮、磷累积量,实验组低于对照组.可见,鱼虾混养系统中移植可口革囊星虫可以增加养殖产量,提高饲料氮、磷的利用率,减少氮、磷元素对底质的污染.     

河口区养殖菊黄东方鲀的胚胎发育

通过对河口区养殖菊黄东方鲀Takifugu flavidus胚胎发育的连续观察,研究了菊黄东方鲀胚胎发育的时序和特点。结果显示,菊黄东方鲀受精卵呈淡黄色或柠檬色,沉性并具有弱黏性,球形,卵径为（1.09±0.03）mm,油球多个且大小不一。根据胚胎的主要特征,胚胎发育分为胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠期阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段和出膜阶段7个阶段及27个发育时期,在温度为21.0-22.5℃、盐度为13.0-13.5的条件下,历时107 h 10 m in仔鱼出膜。初孵仔鱼全身透明,全长为（2.75±0.07）mm,肛前长为（1.45±0.06）mm,体高为（1.12±0.10）mm,卵黄囊近椭圆形,长径为（1.02±0.06）mm,短径为（0.96±0.04）mm。     

红鳍东方鲀对8种饲料原料的表观消化率

本研究旨在探讨红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼对红鱼粉、白鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、花生粕、棉粕、玉米酒糟蛋白(DDGS)和肉骨粉中干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸、总能和总磷的表观消化率.实验饲料由70％的基础饲料和30％的待测饲料原料组成,并添加0.1％的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)作为外源添加剂,选取平均体重...     

黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉在暗纹东方鲀饲料中的应用

黑水虻虫粉是水产养殖中替代鱼粉的潜在优质蛋白源,在近年来受到较多关注。本实验以初始均重为16.5g的暗纹东方鲀幼鱼为实验对象,利用黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中不同比例(0、8%、16%和24%,分别记为HM0、HM8、HM16和HM24)的鱼粉配制成四种等氮等脂的实验饲料。每组饲料投喂3个重复桶,每桶30尾鱼。每天表观饱食投喂3次。实验周期为56天。实验结果表明,黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉并未对实验鱼的生长、机体粗成分、肌肉粗成分、肌肉氨基酸组成、肌肉质地和血清生化指标产生显著影响。与对照组相比,16%替代组增重率提高19%,显示出黑水虻幼虫粉低比例替代鱼粉具有潜在的提高生长性能的作用。与低比例(8%)替代组相比,高比例(24%)替代组降低了饲料效率,且具有升高肝体比和脏体比的趋势。黑水虻幼虫粉中含有较高含量的C12:0和C18:2n-6,能够满足鱼类对能量供应和18碳不饱和脂肪酸的需求;黑水虻幼虫粉的添加提高了鱼体C14:0和n-6脂肪酸的含量。综上结果表明,黑水虻幼虫粉替代暗纹东方鲀幼鱼饲料中24%以内的鱼粉不影响鱼体的生长、体成分、肌肉质地和健康状态;低比例(8-16%)替代还具有潜在的提高生长性能和饲料利用的作用。