红鳍东方鲀gsdf基因的克隆及表达模式分析

为研究红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes的性别决定因子(gonadal soma derived factor,GSDF),利用c DNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)首次克隆了红鳍东方鲀gsdf基因(Trgsdf)的c DNA全长序列(Gen Bank登陆号:KR914667)。结果表明:Trgsdf c DNA序列全长为1734 bp,其中5'端非编码区144 bp,开放阅读框648 bp,3'端非编码区942 bp,共编码215个氨基酸;预测的氨基酸序列中存在1个长度为19个氨基酸的信号肽和相同长度的跨膜区,1个N-糖基化位点NST,1个TGF-β家族成员特有的保守结构域;BLAST同源性分析结果显示,红鳍东方鲀GSDF氨基酸序列与其他鱼类的相似性为26%~58%;系统发育分析结果显示,鱼类GSDF单独聚为一支,与TGF-β超家族内的其他成员分开,红鳍东方鲀与青鳉Oryzias latipes GSDF的亲缘关系最近,先聚为一支,后与三斑海猪鱼Halichoeres trimaculatus聚在一起,与矛尾鱼Latimeria menadoensis的GSDF亲缘关系最远;应用RT-PCR技术检测Trgsdf mRNA在雌性和雄性红鳍东方鲀成鱼不同组织中的表达,结果显示,Trgsdf mRNA在卵巢和精巢中高表达,在皮肤和肌肉组织中微量表达,在其他组织中无表达;采用相对实时荧光定量PCR方法比较了成鱼卵巢和精巢中Trgsdf mRNA的表达量,结果显示,Trgsdf mRNA在精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢(P0.05),约为卵巢表达量的6倍。研究表明,gsdf基因可能在红鳍东方鲀的性腺尤其是精巢的分化和发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

两种养殖模式下的暗纹东方鲀肌肉营养成分比较

采用生化分析方法对暗纹东方鲀单养（单养组）和暗纹东方鲀-凡纳滨对虾-空心菜生态立体种养（种养组）两种养殖模式下的暗纹东方鲀肌肉进行营养成分分析和比较。结果显示：两种养殖模式下暗纹东方鲀肌肉中常规营养成分、氨基酸组成和含量及脂肪酸组成差异不显著;单养组C16∶1、C18∶1n9c含量和单不饱和脂肪酸总量（∑MUFA）显著高于种养组;种养组多不饱和脂肪酸总量（∑PUFA）显著高于单养组。说明不同养殖模式对暗纹东方鲀肌肉中MUFA、∑MUFA及∑PUFA产生显著影响。     

双斑东方鲀全人工繁殖试验

对野生双斑东方鲀(Takifugu bimaculatus)人工繁殖的子一代进行人工培育,雌鱼须经三年性腺成熟,成熟系数为17.55%,雄鱼性腺成熟为两年。产卵前一个月,雌亲鱼经强化培育、催熟后,成熟系数可达到25.00%。对7组亲鱼注射LRH-A_2激素,共获鱼苗1.2048×10~6尾,其中全人工繁殖鱼苗9.592×10~5尾,对照组获鱼苗2.456×10~5尾。并就双斑东方鲀性成熟年龄等进行讨论。     

Temperature effects on the development of Enteromyxum spp. (Myxozoa) in experimentally infected tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck & Schlegel)

The effects of water temperature on the development of the enteric myxosporeans, Enteromyxum fugu and Enteromyxum leei, were investigated in experimentally infected tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes. After naïve tiger puffer were fed gut tissue infected with both E. fugu and E. leei, they were divided into separate tanks and kept at different constant temperature regimes between 10 and 25 °C. Regardless of the water temperature tested, E. fugu was consistently detected with a high prevalence of infection (60–100%), although no sporulation occurred at 10 and 15 °C. Development of E. leei and the onset of disease were suppressed by low water temperatures (<15 °C). However, a temperature increase to 20 °C promoted the development of E. leei, followed by an increase of disease rate in the fish. The present study demonstrates that water temperatures below 15 °C have an inhibitory effect on the development of E. fugu and E. leei, resulting in suppression of enteromyxosis at low temperatures.     

河口区养殖菊黄东方鲀的胚胎发育

通过对河口区养殖菊黄东方鲀Takifugu flavidus胚胎发育的连续观察,研究了菊黄东方鲀胚胎发育的时序和特点。结果显示,菊黄东方鲀受精卵呈淡黄色或柠檬色,沉性并具有弱黏性,球形,卵径为（1.09±0.03）mm,油球多个且大小不一。根据胚胎的主要特征,胚胎发育分为胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠期阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段和出膜阶段7个阶段及27个发育时期,在温度为21.0-22.5℃、盐度为13.0-13.5的条件下,历时107 h 10 m in仔鱼出膜。初孵仔鱼全身透明,全长为（2.75±0.07）mm,肛前长为（1.45±0.06）mm,体高为（1.12±0.10）mm,卵黄囊近椭圆形,长径为（1.02±0.06）mm,短径为（0.96±0.04）mm。     

Efficacy of feeding tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes on moon jellyfish with respect to nutritional composition and behavioural traits

Although jellyfish blooms are serious nuisances for fisheries and other industries, the utilization and nutritional value of by‐catch jellyfish has drawn public attention. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of feeding tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes with moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. using 20‐day rearing experiments. Feeding on jellyfish had no positive effect on growth performance, although it significantly reduced neutral lipids and increased proportions of polar lipids, n?3 and n?6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), especially arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, and taurine. Supplemental feeding on jellyfish plus pellets elevated activity and responsiveness in the fish, with no effect on burst swimming speed or prevention of aggressive biting by siblings. The present research suggests that feeding on jellyfish improves body composition and some behaviours in tiger puffers. As cultured fish tend to accumulate excessive amounts of lipids from lipid‐rich pellets that can induce an unhealthy condition, and behavioural deficits of hatchery‐reared fish reduce survival after release in the wild, we propose the use of jellyfish as a supplemental diet in the nursery production of tiger puffer. Moreover, feeding on jellyfish can overcome deficiencies in alternative soy‐material feeds by supplying phospholipid, HUFAs, or taurine.     

3种肉食性鱼类的捕食及脊尾白虾防御行为比较

通过对黑鲷、漠斑牙鲆及暗纹东方鲀3种肉食性鱼类捕食脊尾白虾的行为观察。结果发现,3种肉食性鱼捕食脊尾白虾的强度排列依次为黑鲷暗纹东方鲀漠斑牙鲆。脊尾白虾最主要的防御方式为尾扇拨水向后弹开。