黄芪多糖在LPS诱导的DF-1细胞炎症反应中的抗炎作用及其调节机制

为探讨黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide,APS)在LPS(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的鸡胚成纤维细胞系DF-1(chicken embryonic fibroblast cell line,DF-1)炎症模型中对IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响,以及细胞因子信号转导抑...     

Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger

Biochar amendments to soils have been suggested as a strategy to sequester carbon and therefore mitigate global climate change. The enrichment of soils with charred materials also increases their fertility. This fertilising effect of biochar may be caused by various mechanisms; an acceleration of nutrient cycling has been suggested as one such mechanism. The rate-limiting step in nutrient cycling is thought to be the extracellular enzymatic attack on biological macromolecules. In this study, therefore, the effects of chestnut wood char (specific surface area 2.0 m² g⁻¹) and of activated carbon (specific surface area approximately 900 m² g⁻¹) on an extracellular enzymatic reaction involved in the degradation of cellulose (i.e., hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger) were investigated. Cellobiose was not adsorbed by chestnut wood char, whereas activated carbon absorbed more than 97% of it. Both charred materials adsorbed more than 99% of β-glucosidase. For chestnut wood char, adsorption of the enzyme caused a decrease of approximately 30% in the reaction rate, whereas for activated carbon, the nearly complete absorption of both substrate and enzyme entirely inhibited the reaction. These results show that β-glucosidase from A. niger retains most of its activity when adsorbed to chestnut wood char and that the reaction it catalyses in nature is only slightly affected by this charred material. On the other hand, a material characterised by a high specific surface area and high porosity, such as activated carbon, can make even a highly soluble substrate unavailable for soil enzymes and therefore completely inhibit the reaction. Thus, charred materials may affect nutrient cycling mainly by regulating the availability of substrates: the degradation of highly soluble substrates may be accelerated by materials with low specific surface area, which maintain an active and protected enzyme pool, whereas materials with high specific surface and high porosity may slow down the degradation by making substrates unavailable.     

利用抗性基因替换的方法将两个拷贝外源基因表达单元整合到枯草芽孢杆菌染色体基因组同一位点

本研究提供了一种新的整合多拷贝外源基因表达单元到枯草芽孢杆菌染色体同一位点的方法。以β-淀粉酶表达单元作为应用实例,本方法包括以下步骤：首先,构建含有一个拷贝β-淀粉酶表达单元的整合质粒pMLK83-CTBA,通过同源双交换获得单拷贝β-淀粉酶表达单元整合到枯草芽孢杆菌1A751染色体α-淀粉酶基因位点的菌株1A751[CTBA]Neo＋;然后,利用抗性基因替换质粒pVK71,将新霉素抗性基因替换为状观霉素抗性基因,得到1A751[CTBA]Neo-Spe＋;最后,整合质粒pMLK83-CTBA再以同源单交换方式整合到1A751[CTBA]Neo-Spe＋染色体,通过新霉素抗性和状观霉素抗性筛选出两个拷贝β-淀粉酶基因整合的重组菌1A751[CTBA2]Neo＋Spe＋。结果显示,利用此方法增加β-淀粉酶基因的拷贝数,能够显著和稳定地提高β-淀粉酶的表达量。     

Studies on the effect of humic acid on availability of phosphorus

It is believed that some organic compounds form complexes with iron and aluminum and prevent the fixation of phosphate applied to soils.     

浅论建设项目基准收益率的确定——CAPM的角度

财务基准收益率是建设项目财务评价指标计算中的重要判据参数。对于该参数的确定目前流行使用资本资产定价模型法（CAPM）。本文从资本资产定价模型法入手分析,介绍的相关概念和计算方法。并从理论和实证支持两个方面给与说明,指出该方法在目前市场中不具备使用的条件。     

燕麦中β-葡聚糖的含量及相对分子质量测定方法的研究进展

阐述了燕麦中β-葡聚糖的含量及相对分子质量测定方法的国内外研究动态和研究成果,其中包括对β-葡聚糖含量的测定方法(酶测定法、荧光法、高效液相色谱法、刚果红分光光度比色法)的研究,以及对β-葡聚糖相对分子质量测定方法(高效凝胶色谱法、凝胶色谱法、高效液相色谱法)的研究。     

Interleukin-1β inhibits AKT to down-regulate eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM To investigate whether interleukin-1β （IL-1β） regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） phosphorylation at Ser1177 site in human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS The HUVECs were randomly divided into normal control group, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） group, IL-1β group, IL-6 group, SC79 ［protein kinase B （PKB/AKT） specific agonist］ group and SC79+IL-1β group. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of eNOS, p-eNOS-Ser1177, AKT and p-AKT-Ser473 in the HUVECs. Chemical colorimetry was used to detect the nitric oxide （NO） content in the culture medium of HUVECs. RESULTS No statistically significant difference of p-eNOS-Ser1177 level in HUVECs treated with TNF-α and IL-6 was observed as compared with normal control group （P>0.05）, while the protein level of p-eNOS-Ser1177 in the HUVECs and the content of NO in the culture medium of HUVECs decreased significantly in IL-1β group （P<0.05）, and the protein level of p-AKT-Ser473 in the HUVECs was decreased as compared with normal control group （P<0.05）. The AKT agonist SC79 blocked the down-regulation effect of IL-1β on p-eNOS-Ser1177 level in the HUVECs and NO content in the culture medium of HUVECs （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION IL-1β down-regulates the protein level of p-eNOS-Ser1177 in HUVECs and affects the activity of eNOS, which may be involved in AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.     

产地及品种对西藏青稞营养品质的影响

为了明确产地和品种对西藏青稞营养品质的影响,对采自西藏6个地(市)、26个县的7个普通青稞品种和3个有色青稞品种(257份样品)的5个品质指标和8种矿质元素含量进行了分析。结果表明,(1)产地生态条件是影响青稞品质和矿质元素含量的首要因素,产地对普通青稞的10个被测指标有显著影响;品种对普通青稞的5种被测指标有显著影响;产地和品种的交互作用显著影响5个被测矿质元素含量;产地显著影响有色青稞的黄酮、粗蛋白和磷含量。(2)青稞不同品质指标和矿质元素含量变异程度不同,变异系数最高为52.3%。供试青稞粗淀粉含量为46.64%~53.76%,粗蛋白含量为6.51%~14.21%,粗纤维含量为1.66%~3.4%,β-葡聚糖含量为3.63%~5.13%,黄酮含量为0.18%~0.40%;钾含量为4 224.8~7 646.5mg·kg~(-1),磷含量为2 243.1~6 288.7mg·kg~(-1),镁含量为731.6~1 572.0mg·kg~(-1),钙含量为246.4~789.0mg·kg~(-1),铁含量为27.59~173.99mg·kg~(-1),锌含量为17.56~85.22mg·kg~(-1),锰含量为10.42~22.23mg·kg~(-1),铜含量为2.12~11.84mg·kg~(-1)。(3)有色青稞的粗淀粉和黄酮含量显著高于普通青稞,而粗蛋白和粗纤维含量显著低于普通青稞,β-葡聚糖含量二者间无显著差异。     

不同剂量伊曲康唑制剂对犬血常规及肝肾功能的影响

旨在评价不同剂量伊曲康唑-环糊精制剂通过皮下注射途径对健康比格犬肝肾功能及血常规的影响.选用体重±10 kg的健康纯种比格犬32只,按试验要求随机分为4组,每组8只,建立稳定的生活制度.分别按照0.25 mg/kg、0.75 mg/kg和1.25 mg/kg剂量,皮下注射伊曲康唑制剂,3日1次,连续7次,对照组注射生理...     

Identification of Co-dominant SSR Markers Associated with Genes Controlling α′-and α-subunit-null β-conglycinin Phenotypes in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Studies have shown that the three subunits of β-conglycinin are the main potential allergens of soybean sensitive patients.And β-conglycinin has adverse effects on nutrition and food processing.So solation and production of lines with lower β-conglycinin content has been the focus of recent soybean breeding projects.Soybean lines with deficiency in one or all subunits of β-conglycinin have been obtained.An effective and rapid system to identify such mutations will facilitate genetic manipulation of the β-conglycinin subunit composition.Here,two segregating F_2 populations were developed from crosses between Cgy-1/cgy-1 (CC),an α′-lacking line (Δα′),and DongNong 47 (DN47),a wild-type (Wt) Chinese soybean cultivar with normal globulin components,and Cgy-2/cgy-2 (CB),an α-lacking line (Δα),and DN47.These populations were used to estimate linkage among the cgy-1 (conferring α′-null) and cgy-2 (α-null) loci and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers.Seven SSR markers (Sat_038,Satt243,Sat_307,Sat_109,Sat_231,Sat_108 and Sat_190) were determined to co-segregate with cgy-1,and six SSR markers (Satt650,Satt671,Sat_418,Sat_170,Satt292 and Sat_324) co-segregated with cgy-2.Linkage maps being composed of seven SSR markers and cgy-1 locus,and six SSR markers and the cgy-2 locus were then constructed.It assigned that the cgy-1 gene to chromosome 10 at a position between Sat_307 and Sat_231,and the cgy-2 gene to chromosome 20 at a position between Satt650 and Satt671.These markers should enable map-based cloning of the cgy-1 and cgy-2 genes.For different subunit-deficiency types[α′-null,α-null and (α′+α)-null types],the two sets of SSR markers could also detect of polymorphism between three normal cultivars and seven related mutant lines.The identification of these markers is great significance to the molecular marker-assisted breeding of soybean β-conglycinin subunits.