异迟眼蕈蚊生物生态学特征及防治策略

本文综述了异迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia impatiens Johannsen)的生物生态学特征及其防治策略.异迟眼蕈蚊对寄主植物食用菌和韭菜(Allium tuberosum)的适应性和嗜食性最佳;温度25℃、光周期L?D=16 h?8 h和光强度588 lx最有利于异迟眼蕈蚊种群增长;湿度与昆虫的生活习性及行为息息相关,但尚未见关于异迟眼蕈蚊在此方面的研究报道.目前,异迟眼蕈蚊的防治依然以化学防治为主,此外,昆虫病原线虫、捕食螨、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)等生物防治技术以及日晒高温覆膜、趋性诱杀等物理防治方法也有较好的应用潜力.本文对异迟眼蕈蚊生物生态学特性及防治方法的相关研究进展进行了总结和阐述,以期为该虫的进一步研究提供基础的理论依据.     

几个酿酒葡萄品种在广夏第三种植基地的栽培表现

以15个酿酒葡萄品种为试材,采取田间试验和室内检测相结合的方法,对广夏第3种植基地品种园的15个酿酒葡萄品种的主要物候期、生长结果习性及果实主要性状等进行了调查。结果表明:黑比诺抗寒、稳产、品质好,作为早熟的红色品种,具有推广价值;赛美容果穗大,丰产,品质优,可适当扩大栽培;灰比诺酸度低,风格较独特,可选择栽培。     

栗链蚧扩散定殖习性研究

对栗链蚧在年周期中的发生发展与危害进行了调查研究。结果表明，栗链蚧在板栗树上扩散定殖的习性及分布与栗树枝条的分枝级次，皮层厚度，皮厚差和枝皮率等因素对不同程度的联系，从而为抗链蚧育种及栽培提供了一定的理论依据。     

芹菜雄性不育两用系01-3AB开花习性观察

对芹菜雄性不育两用系01-3AB中不育株01-3A和可育株01-3B的开花习性进行了田间和室内观察,结果表明,不育株与可育株的开花习性基本相同,其花序构成没有明显差别,1个大花伞从现蕾期到所有小花基本开放完毕,大约要持续22d左右;各个级次大花伞开花顺序相同,都是外侧的小花伞先发育,先成熟开放,且每两级大花伞之间会有不同程度的重叠;小花伞内也是外围小花先成熟,然后以同心圆方式向中心发育;1d当中,从早上到中午开放的小花数量明显多于下午,白天开花数量多于夜间;1朵小花从单花分离到花瓣脱落一般要经过10d以上时间。     

Effect of Transgenic Corn Cultivation and Sampling Location on Feeding Habits of Collembola

Transgenic corn was modified to combat lepidopteran pests, herbicide and other deteriorate environmental factors. However, fewer studies concerned the effects of transgenic corn cultivation on the soil Collembola in black soil region in China. In Jilin black soil region, a six treatments study including three corn varieties （transgenic corn, control and local variety） and two sampling locations （in rizhosphere and in between plants） were deployed to study the effect of transgenic corn cultivation and sampling location on densities, species richness and community structure of Collembola. We found that root biomass was marginally decreased in transgenic corn and control variety when compared to local variety. Collembola significantly affected by sampling location treatments. Densities and species richness of collembolans significantly decreased in ＂between plants＂ than in ＂rizhosphere＂. Densities of Collembola were impacted by corn varieties. In the whole growing season, densities of Collembola significantly decreased in control than in local variety. Collembolans in transgenic variety only slightly decreased in ＂jointing stage＂ than local variety. Collembolans adversely affected in ＂between plants＂ when compared to ＂in rhizosphere＂ in ＂seeding stage＂ but not other stages. These variations of collembolans were in lines with the trend of corn root biomass. It is indicated that Collembola variations could be caused by food resources （root biomass） but not corn varieties （transgenic, control and local）.     

Ovarian development and induced oviposition of the overwintering swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus (Brachyura: Portunidae) reared in the laboratory

ABSTRACT:   Females of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus were cultured under natural temperature and high temperature (21°C) conditions to examine ovarian development and oviposition from autumn (October) to the beginning of breeding season in the following spring (May). Ovaries developed because of vitellogenesis of oocytes from October to December and their developmental state did not change during the overwintering period from December to March. In spring, from late March to mid May, some ovaries reached prematuration and maturation stages and ovipositions began from mid–late April under natural temperature conditions. Females reared in tanks of high temperature regimes oviposited earlier than those reared in tanks of natural temperatures. The number of days to oviposition tended to decrease with advancement of the beginning times (early February to late April) of culture of females under high temperature regimes; induced ovipositions were achieved more easily with increasing photoperiod from c . 12 h in early February to c . 14 h in late April. Therefore, it is inferred that the temperature and photoperiod are important environmental factors controlling ovarian development and oviposition.     

加州鲈鱼食性的初步研究

加州鲈鱼在池塘养殖条件下，当水温２１．５￣２５℃时，仔鱼从第５日龄开始摄食，开食期（５￣９日龄）饵料为盘肠蚤和粉红粗毛蚤等小型枝角类。１１日龄食性转变为捕食鱼苗，并相互残食。幼鱼期至成鱼期，主要以鱼苗、鱼种、野杂鱼虾为食。性成熟期，摄食仍很旺盛。     

Prey resource use by bluegill and channel catfish in small impoundments

Abstract  Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), are commonly stocked into small impoundments that contain bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and these species may compete for food resources because both prey on macroinvertebrates. Prey selectivity and diet overlap of sympatric bluegill and channel catfish were evaluated in two small impoundments. Both fish species fed primarily on macroinvertebrates; but diet overlap between the species generally was not extensive because channel catfish consumed a more diverse array of foods, including more crayfish, fish and plant material. The use of foods other than macroinvertebrates increased as channel catfish grew larger. Bluegill also ingested large quantities of plant material at times, and ingestion of plants increased with fish size. Results of this study suggest that food competition between bluegill and channel catfish may occur when small channel catfish are abundant because, like bluegill, they feed almost entirely on macroinvertebrates and may reduce macroinvertebrate abundance. Thus, overstocking channel catfish in small impoundments managed for bluegill should be avoided.     

鱼菜共生模式中不同鱼类肠道微生物群落结构的比较

为研究鱼菜共生模式下不同鱼类肠道微生物的菌落结构,采用宏基因组学测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,构建了草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)4种鲤科鱼类的肠道内含物等12个样品的16S rDNA测序克隆文库,分析了这4种鲤科鱼类肠道微生物的菌落组成和多样性。结果表明,鱼菜共生模式下不同鲤科鱼类肠道内含物微生物优势菌落的组成十分相似(P0.05,Kruskal-Wallis),优势微生物菌群均是鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)和梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等, 其中鲸杆菌属和梭状芽孢杆菌属含量最丰富,且主要在非优势菌属之间具有显著差异(P0.05,Kruskal-Wallis),研究结果还表明食性不是造成不同食性鲤科鱼类肠道微生物菌落差异的唯一决定性因素。