棕背伯劳的研究进展

综述棕背伯劳的研究进展。主要介绍棕背伯劳色型分类存在的问题及色型多态现象产生的内在机制,同时综述了棕背伯劳的食性和繁殖行为。     

水稻苗期白化转绿型叶色标记籼型不育系"云丰66A"的选育

用300Gy的60Coγ射线辐照籼稻Ⅱ-32B干种子,诱变后筛选苗期具有白化转绿标记性状叶色突变植株,与不育系Ⅱ-32A进行杂交并回交,选育出苗期携带白化转绿型叶色标记不育系云丰66A,该不育系株叶形态优良,分蘖强,开花习性好,花粉败育彻底,配合力高,于2008年通过云南省品种审定委员会现场鉴定.     

海口林场不同品种葡萄物候期与结果习性的调查与分析

采用田间调查与统计分析的方法,对20多年生水晶、赤霞珠、玫瑰香3种葡萄的物候期、主要生长结果习性及果实性状进行分析。结果表明,酿酒型葡萄玫瑰香和赤霞珠从萌芽到成熟时间相隔2 d,水晶葡萄相对这2个品种较晚;在萌芽率、成枝率、结果枝率方面,玫瑰香表现较好,在结果系数方面赤霞珠表现较好,果实性状差异不显著,均表现较好。水晶葡萄结果系数较低,果实性状的各项指标相对较低。综合表现玫瑰香葡萄各项指标均较高,适宜今后长期栽培。     

Swimming behaviour of winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) on natural fishing grounds as observed by an underwater video camera

Swimming behaviour of winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) was recorded near baited hooks on natural fishing grounds using an underwater video camera. Winter flounder were observed to stay on or very close to the seabed, never rising to more than 0.6 m off bottom during 1 month of observation. Winter flounder were recorded to take bait actively at temperatures as low as −1.2 °C. Movement of winter flounder was characterised by a period of swimming off seabed followed by a period of resting on the seabed. The proportion of time swimming off seabed as opposed to resting on the seabed was positively related to water temperature. Flounder spent an average of 32% of time in swimming when at −1.2 °C compared with 67% when at 4.4 °C. Voluntary swimming speed of the flounder during the period of swimming was lower at lower temperatures. An average swimming speed of 0.52 body lengths per second (L s⁻¹) at −1.2 °C was recorded compared with 0.95 L s⁻¹ at 4.4 °C. Overall rate of movement was reduced by three-fold when water temperature fell from 4.4 to −1.2 °C. The reduced rate of movement at lower temperatures is discussed in relation to potential fishing area of fixed fishing gears such as gillnets.     

松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂雌性生殖系统、寄生习性及幼期发育的研究

松突圆蚧花角蚜小蜂（Coccobius azumai Tachikawa）是松突圆蚧（Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi）的主要寄生性天敌之一。解剖花角蚜小蜂的雌性生殖系统,发现其卵巢左右成对,每侧卵巢各由3条卵巢管组成;两侧卵巢管端丝集结在一起形成悬带,左右两侧悬带分离,不形成中悬带。通过电镜扫描观察,发现花角蚜小蜂产卵器上具毛形感觉器、感觉孔、表皮刺和腔形感觉器。花角蚜小蜂的寄生过程分为：搜索、寄主定位、寄主试探、穿刺、产卵和梳理等几个步骤。生殖方式为两性生殖和孤雌生殖,重寄生产雄性个体。个体发育经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫等4个虫态。     

人工诱导枇杷单性结实开花结果习性研究

以GA3+CPPU诱导早钟6号和东湖早枇杷单性结实,观测其花果物候期、花穗、花朵、果实形态变化,探索了人工诱导枇杷单性结实开花结果的习性.结果表明,人工诱导枇杷单性结实后花果物候期提前,花蕾、果实变长,雌雄异熟,雄蕊先雌蕊3～7 d焦枯,花期缩短;无籽果实生长发育为单"S"型,冬季温暖地区幼果形成期和幼果期需补充足够的植物生长调节剂.     

泥鳅的养殖技术研究进展

近几年来,泥鳅因具有较好的食疗作用和较高的药用价值,深受广大消费者的青睐。在国内外泥鳅消费市场需求和价格不断攀升的刺激下,泥鳅已成为水产养殖领域经济效益较好的一个淡水品种,我国南北各地都具有人工养殖泥鳅的有利条件,一些地方政府根据当地独有的地理条件制定了诸多鼓励政策,把泥鳅养殖产业作为特色地域经济大力发展,且效果效益显著,所以泥鳅成为一种生产潜力大、很有发展前途的养殖品种。     

不同生长型桃的叶脉结构与树体结构的差异与关系

为探讨开张型、直立型、垂枝型、帚形、矮化型和紧凑型不同生长型桃树叶脉结构与树体结构的关系,为桃矮化密植栽培、早期选择提供理论依据。以6种不同生长型桃为试材,对其树体结构特征和叶片形态、叶脉结构进行研究,并对树体结构与叶脉结构的关系进行分析。结果表明:6种生长型桃的叶片角度大小为62.76°~73.50°,没有显著差异,而分枝角度存在显著差异。其中对一级枝基角而言,垂枝型93.92°最大,矮化型36.75°最小,其他4种生长型居中;而一级枝腰角和梢角的变化规律在6种生长型中表现出相似规律,即垂枝型最大,开张型居中,其他4种次之且相互之间差异不显著。在叶片结构特征方面,直立型的叶片长度11.01 cm为最小,但叶柄长2.41 cm最大,紧凑型叶片长度16.20 cm、叶宽4.57 cm、叶面积47.28 cm2均最大,6种生长型的叶脉均为真曲行羽状脉;直立型二级脉数量最多,垂枝型二级脉数量最少;开张型二级脉角度最大,矮化型二级脉角度最小。6种生长型桃叶脉结构和树体结构相关性分析结果表明:开张型、矮化型、紧凑型中,二级脉数量与一级枝梢角之间存在负相关关系,且仅在开张型中两者相关性达到显著水平,相关系数为-0.970,而在直立型、垂枝型和帚型中,二级脉数量与一级枝梢角之间有正相关关系;在开张型、矮化型、紧凑型中二级脉角度与一级枝梢角呈正相关,且紧凑型中两者相关性达到显著水平,相关系数为0.953,其余生长型中两者之间有负相关关系。桃叶脉的二级脉角度和二级脉数量的差异在一定程度上可以反映不同生长型桃树体结构的变化,可作为早期选择桃不同生长型的一项直观形态标记。     

The use of acoustic acceleration transmitter tags for monitoring of Atlantic salmon swimming activity in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

Successful operation of recirculating aquaculture systems is dependent on frequent monitoring of the optimal function of water treatment processes in order to maintain environmental conditions for optimal growth and welfare of the fish. Real time monitoring of fish status is however usually not an integrated part of automatized systems within RAS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of implanted acoustic acceleration transmitters to monitor Atlantic salmon swimming activity. Twelve salmon post-smolts were individually tagged and distributed in three tanks containing salmon at start density of 50 kg m⁻³. The tagging did not cause any mortality and all individuals increased their body weight during this study. Following initial recovery, acceleration data were continuously logged for one month, including treatment periods with exposure to hyperoxic (170% O₂ saturation) and hypoxic (60% O₂ saturation) conditions, and different tank hydraulic retention times (HRT; 23 and 58 min). Changes in-tank dissolved oxygen levels to hyperoxic and hypoxic conditions reduced the total activity of Atlantic salmon in this study. On the contrary, increased and reduced tank HRT increased the total activity levels. Feeding periods induced a sharp increase in the Atlantic salmon swimming activity, while irregular feeding caused larger oscillations in activity and also lead to increased swimming activity of the tagged fish. Atlantic salmon responded with a maximum recorded total activity to stress caused by technical problems within the system and consequent changes in the RAS environment. The results of this study indicate that Atlantic salmon respond quickly with changed swimming activity to changes in the water quality and acute stress caused by normal management routines within RAS. The use of acoustic acceleration transmitters for real time monitoring of swimming activity within aquaculture production systems may allow for rapid detection of changes in species-specific behavioural welfare indicators and assist in the refinement of best management practices. In addition, acceleration tag could potentially serve as a valuable research tool for behavioural studies, studies on stress and welfare and could allow for better understanding of interaction between fish and RAS environment.     

稻瘿蚊的饲养研究

[目的]探讨稻瘿蚊的饲养。[方法]介绍了稻瘿蚊的形态特征、生活习性、饲养方法和抗性鉴定。[结果]可使用TN1作为饲料饲养稻瘿蚊,在饲养过程中要注意喷水保湿,注意防鼠、稻飞虱、蚂蚁、蜘蛛等的为害,可通过隔水法防治老鼠和蚂蚁,自来水冲洗法防治稻飞虱,捕杀法防治蜘蛛。[结论]为进一步研究稻瘿蚊提供了参考。