Integrating seabird dietary and groundfish stock assessment data: Can puffins predict pollock spawning stock biomass in the North Pacific?

Information on the annual variability in abundance and growth of juvenile groundfish can be useful for predicting fisheries stocks, but is often poorly known owing to difficulties in sampling fish in their first year of life. In the Western Gulf of Alaska (WGoA) and Eastern Bering Sea (EBS) ecosystems, three species of puffin (tufted and horned puffin, Fratercula cirrhata, Fratercula corniculata, and rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata, Alcidae), regularly prey upon (i.e., “sample”) age-0 groundfish, including walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogramma, Gadidae) and Pacific cod (Gadus microcephalus, Gadidae). Here, we test the hypothesis that integrating puffin dietary data with walleye pollock stock assessment data provides information useful for fisheries management, including indices of interannual variation in age-0 abundance and growth. To test this hypothesis, we conducted cross-correlation and regression analyses of puffin-based indices and spawning stock biomass (SSB) for the WGoA and EBS walleye pollock stocks. For the WGoA, SSB leads the abundance of age-0 fish in the puffin diet, indicating that puffins sample the downstream production of the WGoA spawning stock. By contrast, the abundance and growth of age-0 fish sampled by puffins lead SSB for the EBS stock by 1–3 years, indicating that the puffin diet proxies incoming year class strength for this stock. Our study indicates connectivity between the WGoA and EBS walleye pollock stocks. Integration of non-traditional data sources, such as seabird diet data, with stock assessment data appears useful to inform information gaps important for managing US fisheries in the North Pacific.     

川鄂连蕊茶开花生物学习性研究

首次对川鄂连蕊茶(Camellia rosthorniana Hand.-Mazz.)的开花生物学特性进行了调查,并研究了光照条件对开花的影响,旨在为品种选育和杂交育种提供依据.结果表明,川鄂连蕊茶花芽分化时间较长,经历了绿蕾期、红蕾期、透色期、松瓣期及开放期5个阶段,持续9～10个月完成.花芽主要分布于当年生小枝的枝顶和叶腋,花数/cm枝条为1.32～1.77朵,单株花期15 ～20 d,单花花期4～5d.光照条件对花芽分化影响差异显著,全光照和郁闭度0.4时花芽分化正常,郁闭度0.7时花芽数量大大减少.综上所述,川鄂连蕊茶花量大、具清香、观赏性好、适合全光照、疏林下种植或室内盆栽观赏,是良好的丰花香花型茶花育种材料.     

诱木诱集松墨天牛防治措施及效果分析

松墨天牛是危害马尾松树正常生长的主要蛀干害虫,又是松材线虫病的主要传播媒介昆虫。文章主要针对其生物特性及危害特点进行长期观察研究,结合实践中的防治措施,提出相应的综合防治措施,以使防治区天牛的种群数量得到有效控制。     

赤狐食性的研究进展

赤狐根据食物资源的可获得性来利用食物。环境气候条件影响食物的可获得性,同时对赤狐的食物组成和多样性产生影响。通过以往的研究表明,赤狐的食物主要有三大类:哺乳动物、无脊椎动物和植物,其中小型啮齿动物和兔形目动物占主要比例。随着地理环境因子和生物因子的变化,各食物组分所占比例也随之变化。小型啮齿动物和兔形目所占比例波动较小,其他食物(如鸟类、昆虫和植物)的变化明显。     

啮齿动物消化器官长度研究进展

啮齿动物消化器官长度一直是研究啮齿动物差异的重要指标之一.总结了消化道的组成部分以及各部分功能,阐述了消化器官的测量方法,对消化器官长度与食性、能量需求和季节变化的关系进行了分析.     

贵州石阡河切尾拟鲿鱼食性研究

2012年9月~2013年7月对贵州石阡河采集到的176尾切尾拟鲿鱼(Pseudobagrus truncatus)的食性进行了研究。结果表明,切尾拟鲿鱼全年摄食量以春季和冬季比例最高,共计15类食物,动物性饵料为其主要食物。从饵料数量百分比来看,食物组成在季节上存在明显差异,春季双翅目(2.00%)、寡毛类(1.70%)等动物性饵料所占比例较高;夏季以双翅目(71.43%)为主;秋季以鱼卵(18.46%)为主;冬季以蜉蝣目(87.50%)为主。从饵料重量百分比来看,各季节同样以摄食动物性饵料为主,春季以水生昆虫类为主(30.00%);夏季以鱼类(37.50%)、虾类(30.83%)为主;秋季同样以鱼类(34.48%)、虾类(28.73%)为主;冬季以蜉蝣目(63.80%)、寡毛类(37.23%)为主。切尾拟鲿鱼食物组成差异与食物的季节动态有关。     

彩色马蹄莲生产管理技术

介绍了彩色马蹄莲的生态习性及在黑龙江省的生产现状,并结合实际需要,阐述了彩色马蹄莲的快繁方法和栽培管理技术,分析了彩色马蹄莲的发展前景。     

山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区黑啄木鸟的生态习性观察

2008～2010年在山西芦芽山国家级自然保护区对黑啄木鸟的生态习性进行了观察。结果表明,该鸟在当地为留鸟,主要栖息于山区针阔混交林中,种群密度为0.261只/km,繁殖期为4～6月,窝卵数为4～5枚,孵化期为13～15d,雏鸟晚成性,24～26d离巢,孵化率为86.36%,繁殖成功率为84.21%。其主要以农林害虫为食,为森林益鸟。     

黑龙江龙口自然保护区斑羚冬季食性分析

2003年冬季,在黑龙江龙口自然保护区,使用粪便显微组织学分析技术,对斑羚冬季食性进行了研究,结果表明,杨、紫椴、蒙古柞、苔草是斑羚冬季的主要食物。其中杨为10．2%,紫椴为14．3%,蒙古柞为14．9%,苔草为15．0%。斑羚在冬季食红松、云杉、冷杉较少(1%、0．7%、1．7%)。根据斑羚食用的植物粗蛋白和粗脂肪分析,表明斑羚能选择高蛋白高脂肪的植物。     

Feeding habits of Pacific pomfret Brama japonica inthe transition zone of the central North Pacific

ABSTRACT:   We examined the diets of three size groups of the Pacific pomfret Bramajaponica collected in April and May 2000 in the transition zoneof the central North Pacific. Amphipods, cephalopods and fish werethree of the most common prey groups of pomfret. Of the three size groups,small pomfret (11.0–19.9 cm standard length (SL))preyed mainly on amphipods and occasionally on cephalopods (mainlytransitional species Onychoteuthis borealijaponica ) and fish.(These prey amphipods and fish could not be identified to lowertaxonomic levels because they were too digested.) Medium and largepomfret (20.0–30.9 and 31.0–40.9 cm SL,respectively) preyed mainly on cephalopods (mainly O. borealijaponica ,but also on two subarctic species, namely Berryteuthis anonychus and Gonatopsisborealis ), suggesting that these cephalopod species ensure energyfor the northward migration of these two size groups in the transitionzone in the spring. The next most common prey for medium pomfretwas amphipods (mainly subtropical species Phronima sedentaria and Platyscelusovoides ), followed by fish (mainly Bathylagus sp.). However,in the case of large pomfret, fish (mainly Paralepididae sp. 'A')were the next most common prey, followed by amphipods (mainly P.sedentaria and P. ovoides ), indicating that the importanceof fish as prey increases with growth for medium and large pomfret.