干旱胁迫对春小麦旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达特征的影响

研究干旱胁迫对春小麦品种旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达的影响,对春小麦抗逆栽培和新品种选育具有重要意义。在大兴安岭西麓旱作区,以抗旱组及水敏感组春小麦品种为供试材料,进行干旱（旱棚防雨）和对照（调控补水）2种水分控制处理,分析干旱胁迫下不同春小麦品种旗叶光合指标、生理指标及根系抗旱基因表达差异。结果表明,干旱与对照处理间春小麦旗叶光合特性、生理特征及根系抗旱基因表达等指标均存在显著差异（P<0.05）;干旱胁迫下春小麦旗叶SPAD、净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）显著降低,且抗旱组下降幅度显著低于水敏感组;而生理指标过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）均显著升高,丙二醛（MDA）显著降低;其中抗旱组中Pro含量为90.36μg·g^-1,显著高于水敏感组(70.36μg·g^-1),MDA含量(19.82μmol·g^-1)显著低于水敏感组(22.05μmol·g^-1)。TaXTH-...     

White-coat effect on systemic blood pressure in retired racing Greyhounds

Background: Greyhounds are known to have a higher systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) than non‐Greyhound dogs. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the high systemic BP was because of the white‐coat effect. Animals: Twenty‐two healthy retired racing Greyhounds (RRG) enrolled in a blood donation program. Materials/Methods: We prospectively measured systemic BP in 3 environments: in the hospital by the investigator (Hosp), in the home by the investigator (H/I), and in the home by the owner (H/O). Five serial measurements of systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures (SAP, DAP, MAP) as well as heart rate (HR) were measured by an oscillometric method on the distal forelimb and distal hind limb in all 3 environments. Results: There was a significant difference for SAP, MAP, and HR between the Hosp and both H/I and H/O (P < .001); there were no significant differences for any of the parameters between the H/I and H/O environments. HR, but not SAP, MAP, or DAP (P < .05) decreased in RRG with multiple hospital visits for blood donation before this study. The hind limb SAP was significantly higher than the forelimb SAP (P < .05). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: We conclude that the high SAP, MAP, and HR seen in the hospital setting are likely because of a white‐coat effect. Furthermore, consideration should be given to defining the parameters of normal BP in RRG according to the environment in which they are obtained.     

The effect of sea transport from Ireland to the Lebanon on inflammatory, adrenocortical, metabolic and behavioural responses of bulls

The objective was to investigate the effect of sea transport on the physiological, behavioural and performance responses of bulls. One-hundred and eleven bulls (mean body weight (standard error of the mean) 429 (5.7 kg)) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments; control (C; n = 54) bulls were housed in 6 pens at Teagasc, Grange Research Centre at a stocking density of (1), 1.7 m²/head (C1.7; 3 pens) and (2), 3.4 m²/head (C3.4; 3 pens) and (3), transported (T) bulls (n = 57) were penned at a space allowance of 1.7 m²/head (6 pens) and allocated to one of five decks on the shipping vessel. C and T bulls were subjected to the same live weight (d −2), blood sampling and rectal temperature (d −1) measurements pre-transport and on d 3, d 6, d 9 and d 11 of the study. T bulls had greater (P < 0.05) live weight gain (+4.4%) compared with C1.7 bulls (−2.0%) and C3.4 (+0.13%)). Time spent lying was greater (P < 0.05) among C1.7 and C3.4 bulls (9.9% and 53.3%, respectively) compared with T bulls (45.8%). Rectal body temperature was not different (P > 0.05) among treatment groups throughout the study. At d 11, neutrophil % was greater (P < 0.05) in transported bulls on decks 1, 2, 4 and 5 compared with C1.7 and C3.4 treatments. Plasma cortisol concentrations were not different (P > 0.05) between control and transported bulls. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity was lower (P < 0.05) among C3.4 and T bulls on decks 2, 3, 4 and 5 compared with d 3 values. In conclusion, the welfare of bulls transported by sea on the sea journey was not adversely affected. Housing control bulls at a reduced space allowance (1.7 m²) had a negative effect on live weight gain.     

Cortisol Circadian Rhythm Ratio: A Simple Method to Detect Stressed Horses at Higher Risk of Colic?

With the hypothesis that police horses with abnormal cortisol circadian rhythm (CCR) had more chance to develop colic, the aim of this study was to determine the CCR ratio in horses subjected to different housing and work conditions and to associate abnormal CCR ratio with incidence of colic. A total of 116 police horses belonging to four different groups were studied. In all, 31 were full-time stabled and performed urban patrolling activity, 27 were full-time stabled and performed equine therapy and sports activities, 25 were part-time stabled and performed urban patrolling, and 33 animals were kept full-time on pasture and did not perform any kind of work activity. Venous blood samples were collected between 6 and 7 am and also 8 hours later, and cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay to calculate the CCR ratio. Annual colic incidences (6 months before and after the day on which CCR ratio was determined) were assessed by examining individual medical files. The overall incidence of abnormal CCR ratio (<0.30) was 63.3%, and 107 cases of colic were reported for this population with a mean incidence of 0.92 colic/horse/yr. Horses with abnormal CCR had 2.3 times more chance to have colic (95% CI: 1.07 to 5.28, P = .03) when compared with those with normal CCR. In conclusion, high incidence of abnormal CCR ratio indicates that police horses were under stressful conditions. Horses with abnormal CCR ratios were more prone to suffer colic episodes, indicating that CCR ratio determination could perhaps be useful in detecting horses at risk of colic.     

贵州白香猪与3种杂交猪脏器系数及血液生理指标比较

试验对贵州白香猪及贵州白香猪与大约克猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪3种杂交猪的体重、脏器系数和血液生理指标进行了比较。结果显示,贵州白香猪体重极显著低于3种杂交猪（P＜0.01）;贵州白香猪的脏器指标除心脏外与3种杂交猪均存在差异;贵州白香猪红细胞总数(RBC)和红细胞压积(HCT)极显著高于大约克猪×香猪（YX）（P＜0.01）;贵州白香猪的平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、白细胞中淋巴细胞数量(LYM)、白细胞中淋巴细胞比率(LYM,%)及白细胞中中性粒细胞比率(GRA,%)与长白猪×香猪（LX）间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。     

Acute handling disturbance modulates plasma insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effects of acute stressor exposure on proximal (growth hormone [GH]) and distal (insulin-like growth factor-I [IFG-I] and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins [IFGBPs]) components of the somatotropic axis are poorly understood in finfish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to a 5-min handling disturbance to mimic an acute stressor episode, and levels of plasma GH, IGF-I, and IGFBPs at 0, 1, 4, and 24 h post-stressor exposure were measured. An unstressed group was also sampled at the same clock times (09:00, 10:00, 13:00, and 08:00 [the following day]) as acute stress sampling to determine temporal changes in the above somatotropic axis components. The acute stressor transiently elevated plasma cortisol and glucose levels at 1 and 4 h post-stressor exposure, whereas no changes were seen in the unstressed group. Plasma GH levels were not affected by handling stress or sampling time in the unstressed animals. Plasma IGF-I levels were significantly depressed at 1 and 4 h post-stressor exposure, but no discernible temporal pattern was seen in the unstressed animals. Using a western ligand blotting technique, we detected plasma IGFBPs of 21, 32, 42, and 50 kDa in size. The plasma levels of the lower-molecular-weight IGFBPs (21 and 32 kDa) were unaffected by handling stressor, nor were there any discernible temporal patterns in the unstressed animals. By contrast, the higher-molecular-weight IGFBPs (42 and 50 kDa) were affected by stress or time of sampling. Levels of the 42-kDa IGFBP levels significantly decreased over the sampling period in unstressed control animals, but this temporal drop was eliminated in stressed animals. Levels of the 50-kDa IGFBPs also decreased significantly over the sampling time in unstressed trout, whereas handling disturbance transiently increased levels of this IGFBP at 1 h but not at 4 and 24 h post-stressor exposure compared with the control group. Overall, our results suggest that acute stress adaptation involves modulation of plasma IGF-1 and high-molecular-mass IGFBP levels (42 and 50 kDa) in rainbow trout.     

“十一五”我国设施蔬菜生产和科技进展及其展望

近年来,我国设施蔬菜生产发展极其迅速,生产面积以每年10 %以上的速度在增长,形成了不同区域特色的设施类型、生产模式和技术体系。本文分析了近五年我国设施蔬菜产业发展特点,并从设施装备研发、设施蔬菜生物学与基因功能研究、设施蔬菜育苗技术、资源高效利用与连作障碍克服技术、抗逆与调控技术、优质与安全生产技术等方面总结了我国近年来取得的主要科技成就。最后在分析我国当今设施蔬菜生产中存在的主要问题的基础上,探讨了我国今后设施蔬菜产业和科研的发展方向。     

植物苹果酸酶在抵御逆境中的作用

植物在成长过程中会遇到许多逆境,都会给其带来伤害,因此抗逆育种工作就显得尤为重要。苹果酸酶广泛地存在于各种植物中,并且能够响应不同的环境胁迫。通过总结与苹果酸酶抗逆性相关的研究,综述了在多种胁迫条件下苹果酸酶基因的表达情况和苹果酸酶的活性变化情况,分析了它在植物防御反应中的功能和作用机理,为将来利用苹果酸酶基因进行分子抗逆育种提供了一定的理论基础。     

齿形系数和应力集中系数的解析计算及其电算程序设计

本文提供的齿形系数和应力集中系数的解析计算及据此编制的电算程序,可方便地求出不同齿制的渐开线标准或变位圆柱齿轮的齿形系数和应力集中系数,它为齿轮的计算机辅助设计及精确绘制齿形系数和应力集中系数线图带来方便。