2012～2014年广西猪蓝耳病疫苗的免疫副反应分析

为了了解高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗使用的免疫副反应情况,调查了广西部分地区2012 ～2014年使用8个疫苗生产厂家的猪蓝耳病疫苗的免疫副反应情况,并对不同年度、厂家,不同类型疫苗的副反应情况进行分析.结果表明,不同年度的副反应情况呈下降趋势;不同疫苗厂家生产的疫苗对应激反应有一定的差异;活苗和灭活苗的副反应差异显著.若要降低免疫副反应,防治人员的素质是重要的影响因素,应全面做好免疫前的准备工作,并根据猪群的健康状况调整免疫程序对降低免疫副反应有重要意义.     

建平县暴雨时空特征分析

利用1953-2013年的逐日降水资料,分析了建平县暴雨的年际变化特征。对该地区产生暴雨的环流形势和天气系统进行了归纳和分析,得出了影响该地区产生暴雨的大尺度环流天气形势,并根据数值预报产品进行物理量诊断分析,从中选取预报因子和预报指标,再结合建平当地特殊地形综合进行分析,最后总结出形成建平气候特点的暴雨预报,为提高当地暴雨天气预报准确率提供了参考。     

氯霉素对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

按饲料的0.06％、0.1％、0.15％的比例添加氯霉素、饲喂2～60日龄的肉鸡,虽然对鸡白痢、禽伤寒等疾病有明显的抑制作用,减少死亡率。但对体液、细胞免疫功能、免疫器官、骨髓和红、白血球生成等呈现明显的抑制和损害,本试验初步表明,长期内服氯霉素可引起鸡的慢性应激反应。在正常的饲养条件下,氯霉素对肉鸡的生长增重既没有促进作用,也无明显的抑制现象。根据血液氯霉素浓度的测定表明,防治鸡疾病,饲料添加0.06％的氯霉素是有效的、毒性相对较小的剂量,但也不应长期服用。     

Risk Indicators Associated with Subclinical Mastitis in Smallholder Dairy Cows in Tanzania

Smallholder dairy farmers in Tanzania appear to be unaware of the subclinical mastitis situation in their cows. A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and September 2002 on smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region. The study objectives were to establish the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and related risk indicators, and to assess their contribution to the occurrence of subclinical mastitis. Three field procedures based on the principles of herd health and production management were followed: clinical, farm and data inspection. The California mastitis test (CMT) was carried out on quarter milk samples to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. A total of 182 lactating cows from 62 herds were investigated. Clinical inspection indicated that 3.8% of the lactating cows had clinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 90.3% of lactating cows screened. Farm inspection revealed that water scarcity, barn size, residual suckling, single udder-towel and dairy labourers as the most substantial (p < 0.05) risk indicators. Although most of the risk indicators studied were not found to be statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, possibly owing to sample size and the presence of confounders, the epidemiological need to address such risk indicators cannot be overemphasized.     

Factors associated with mortality and morbidity in small intestinal volvulus in horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine historical, physical, and clinical factors that may affect morbidity and mortality in horses with small intestinal volvulus unrelated to other causes (e.g., incarceration, lipoma, etc.). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Client-owned horses (115), aged 1 month to 21 years. Methods: Data were obtained from medical records, identified by computer search and manual review. Continuous variables were compared between affected and non-affected horses with Mann-Whitney U-tests and non-continuous variables with Fisher's exact test (2 x 2 tables) or chi(2)-tests (larger tables). Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to develop a multivariable model of the risk factors, taking account of confounding and interaction. RESULTS: Eighty percent of horses recovered from surgery survived to hospital discharge. Neither age, breed, nor sex was related to mortality. Survivors had a significantly lower heart rate, shorter capillary refill time, and better mucous membrane color. Variables associated with worsening cardiovascular status, increased hemoconcentration, and exudation of cells and protein into peritoneal fluid were significantly associated with non-survival. After recovery from surgery, the most serious complication was colic, which was significantly associated with non-survival (P=.028) as was a second celiotomy (P<.01). Both of these complications were associated with a jejunocecostomy during the first surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in the clinical and clinicopathologic signs were identified between survivors and non-survivors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings can be used to make a scientific assessment of prognosis in the pre-operative, operative, and post-operative management of horses with small intestinal volvulus.     

Plasma renin activity and plasma concentrations of aldosterone, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in healthy cats

A pathogenetic role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been implicated in cats in both systemic arterial hypertension and hypokalemic myopathy. Yet, measurement of plasma aldosterone concentrations (PACs) and plasma renin activity (PRA) has not unequivocally pointed to hyperaldosteronism as a cause of these conditions. To obtain appropriate reference ranges, this study included a large number (130) of healthy house cats of different breeds without a history of recent illness and plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine below the upper limit of the respective reference ranges. In addition, the pituitary-adrenocortical axis was studied by measuring plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and cortisol. Reference ranges for PACs (110-540 pmol/L; 40-195 pg/mL), PRA (60-630 fmol/L/s; 0.3-3 ng/mL/h), and the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) (0.3-3.8) were very similar to those established in the same laboratory for humans in a supine position. No breed differences were found. The ARRs in neutered cats were significantly higher than in intact cats, primarily because of low PRA in neutered cats. The ARRs of cats > or = 5 years of age were significantly higher than those of cats < 5 years of age. The plasma concentrations of ACTH, alpha-MSH, and cortisol did not correlate significantly with PAC. Thus, although blood sampling was performed in cats in nonstandardized positions and was associated with a wide variation of stress responses, the references ranges of PAC, PRA, and ARR were similar to the relatively narrow limits established for humans under standardized conditions. The effects of neutering and aging on PRA and ARR warrant further investigation.     

Road transportation affects blood hormone levels and lymphocyte glucocorticoid and beta-adrenergic receptor concentrations in calves

The effect of transportation on blood cortisol and catecholamine levels, lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) concentrations was investigated in calves. Blood samples were collected from 24 six-month-old calves before departure (T(0)), on arrival (T(1)), and at 24 h (T(2)) and one week (T(3)) after arrival. Animals were loaded and transported about 950 km, from the Midy-Pyrenes region (Cahors, France) to the Piedmont region (Italy), over a total of 14 h. Serum cortisol levels and plasma catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Lymphocyte GRs and beta-ARs were measured through binding assays. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in cortisol and catecholamine concentrations was observed immediately after transport. The increase in hormone levels at time T(1) was negatively correlated with lymphocyte GR and beta-AR concentrations. At times T(2) and T(3), blood cortisol and catecholamine levels and lymphocyte GRs and beta-ARs returned to normal. The results demonstrate the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the catecholaminergic system in long-term transported calves. However, these systems returned to normal within 24 h after the end of transport.     

基于能值理论的榆林市耕地可持续利用评价

应用能值理论对榆林市2003—2007年耕地系统的可持续性进行了评价。结果表明,在研究期内,榆林市耕地系统能值总投入并未大幅变动,其中购买能值投入逐年增加,不可更新资源环境投入呈降低趋势,2004年后购买能值所占比重最大,不可更新资源能值投入次之;对能值指标进行分析可以得到,该区域的发展更多地依赖于自然资源的投入,但依赖程度呈逐步降低的趋势。通过与其它区域耕地系统的对比可以得到,榆林市耕地系统存在发展水平较为滞后,农业机械化水平较低,发展严重依赖于自然资源的投入等问题;兼顾到该区域的农业发展水平并为维持区域的可持续性发展,提出该区域应大力发展有机农业和特色农业,在适度增加购买能值的基础上维持其可持续性。     

应用化学指标表征红大品种烟叶的品质特征

[目的]探讨一种全面、完善地应用烟叶化学指标表征其品质特征的方法.[方法]以红大、K326、云87等5种具有代表性的烤烟品种的C3F烟叶为材料,对烤烟的评吸结果、常规指标、致香成分、有机酸等指标进行比较分析.[结果]红大烟叶清甜韵好,香气量充足;在常规指标中表现为烟碱、总糖、还原糖、pH高于其他品种;在致香成分中表现为直链脂肪酸及酯高于其他品种烟叶;在有机酸中表现为异戊酸、2-甲基丁酸、十六酸、苯甲酸含量高于其他品种烟叶.[结论]研究可为应用化学指标表征红大品种烟叶的品质特征提供理论及试验依据.