Cd胁迫对灰木莲幼苗生长及某些生理特性的影响

通过对灰木莲幼苗在重金属镉(Cd)胁迫下生长与生理特征的分析,研究在镉胁迫下生长和生理特征的变化情况.结果表明,灰木莲幼苗的苗高和地径的增长率随着Cd2+浓度的增加而减少,Cd2+对苗高增长的影响较为显著;叶片的保护酶活性在低浓度下升高,在高浓度下保护酶的活性受到抑制;丙二醛浓度、游离脯氨酸含量随着镉胁迫的增加而缓慢上...     

Methods for the investigation of metabolic activities and shifts in the microbial community in a soil treated with a fungicide

Samples from a sandy agricultural soil were treated with increasing amounts of a fungicide (Sportak). The effects on the soil microflora were investigated over several weeks by monitoring basal and substrate-induced respiration and basal and substrate-induced heat output. The microbial biomass, metabolic quotient (qCO₂), relative heat output (rqheat), lag phase of substrate use, and calorimetric: respirometric ratio were used as ecophysiological parametèrs. As structural and community-specific parameters, we recorded tryptophan contents and auxin metabolism, and calculated the ratios of fungal to bacterial respiration by antibiotic inhibition of substrate-induced respiration. Sportak either inhibited or stimulated the microbiota, depending on the length of exposure to the fungicide and the amount applied. Mineralization of dead biomass was reflected in increased soil tryptophan contents after the Sportak application. A shortened lag phase demonstrated inhibition and a prolonged lag phase stimulation of substrate use. This changed with the experimental phase. The rqheat and the calorimetric: respirometric ratio proved to be suitable parameters for the detection of stress metabolism (repair processes) in soil microbiota, because thermodynamic processes and catabolic and anabolic metabolism are taken into account at the same time. Following the application of Sportak, indole 3-acetic acid biosynthesis decreased while indole-3-ethanol biosynthesis increased, probably as a result of a transitional community shift from K-strategists towards r-strategists. It was not the fungicide but the formulation (mainly xylol) that damaged the organisms. A shift in the ratio of fungi to bacteria was also observed, suggesting that the bacteria were probably more sensitive to xylol than the fungi.     

Lichens and bryophytes on Eucalyptus obliqua in Tasmania: management implications in production forests

Thirty lichen and 25 bryophyte species have been recorded from the buttresses of Eucalyptus obliqua, the dominant tree in wet sclerophyll forest at the Warra Long-Term Ecological Research Site in southern Tasmania. The flora, characterised by four major associations, is very distinctive, containing a relatively high number of eucalypt specialists, particularly among the lichens. A general trend towards increasing species richness with increasing tree diameter is apparent and is attributed mainly to increasing habitat diversity on the buttresses. The increase in species occurs without the loss of pioneers; thus succession involves addition rather than replacement of species. The relationships between epiphytes, tree age and forest age are complicated by the periodic occurrence of fires in the forest. Nevertheless, potential oldgrowth indicators are identified and the possible effects of current silvicultural practices on the conservation of the species are discussed.     

小麦热激蛋白基因TaHSP70克隆及其在植物防卫和抗逆反应中的表达分析

热激蛋白是一类结构非常保守的分子伴侣类型的应激蛋白,在调控动、植物代谢和信号传导等方面发挥重要作用.本研究利用同源克隆法,筛选非亲和条锈菌小种CYR32侵染诱导的cDNA文库,分离获得1个HSP70家族基因的全长cDNA序列TaHSP70.序列分析发现,该cDNA片段包含1个2 412 by开放阅读框,推测其编码包含6...     

Sensitivity to information upscaling of agro-ecological assessments: Application to soil organic carbon management

Upscaling of agro-ecological indicators applied in regional analyses is sensitive to scale issues of the input data. This study develops a methodology to quantify this sensitivity for an indicator of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics at the farming system level. A reference case consists of seven fully described farms in northern Italy. Both upscaling in complexity by substituting measured input with estimated input and upscaling in space by extending the methods to farms not included in the reference case are addressed. The indicator increased with 3-107% at four farms after substituting measured management input with that estimated by an expert, whereas it remained unchanged or decreased at the other three farms. Taking the modal value from a cluster of pedological input did not lead to additional uncertainty in most cases, and only slightly increased it in others. We evaluated spatial upscaling by including 733 farms divided in 18 clusters that were described with less information as compared to the reference farms. Within each cluster, we observed relevant variability of the indicator (coefficients of variation of 12-43%), as a consequence of the heterogeneity of farms comprised in each cluster. In each cluster we calculated the indicator for one virtual farm, defined by using modal values for basic farm inputs. In this case the indicator was highly correlated (R² = 0.98) with the average of the values obtained using measured basic farm inputs. We conclude that upscaling in complexity and space introduces uncertainty in the values of the indicator compared to the reference case. The extent of such differences depends on the variability of the systems under analysis and on indicator sensitivity.     

低钾胁迫对不同钾效率苎麻基因型根系发育 及纤维产量品质的影响

以2个钾营养高效基因型苎麻和2个低效基因型为试验材料,研究了低钾胁迫对不同基因型苎麻根系生长、纤维产量和品质的影响。结果表明,低钾胁迫下,苎麻生物量减少,植株显著矮化,根系生长受抑,根系吸收面积和阳离子交换量减小。但高效基因型苎麻低钾胁迫下仍具有较强的生长势(相对根系干重、相对细根干重、相对根系总吸收面积、相对根系活跃吸收面积较大),其纤维产量所受影响程度小于低效基因型(相对产量较高),有效降低了低钾胁迫对纤维品质所引致的负面影响。     

水稻抗旱性研究现状与展望

综述了水分胁迫对水稻的伤害以及水稻植株在气孔调节、渗透调节、激素调节、膜抗氧化保护酶类和干旱诱导蛋白等方面抗旱性生理生化机制的研究进展。介绍了水稻抗旱性状的基因定位和抗旱性基因工程方面的研究现状,并指出,稻属抗旱基因资源的发掘以及在育种上的遗传利用和水稻抗旱节水综合栽培技术的研究是当前研究的热点。     

套管损坏井冲击整形时水泥环的损伤

针对套管损坏井冲击整形过程中水泥环发生损伤破坏这一情况，以冲击动力学和应力波传播理论为基础，建立了冲击整形的力学模型，较为准确地描述了水泥环中的应力分布情况，计算了冲击整形过程中水泥环及第一胶结面的损伤破坏长度。为修复井是否恢复生产或进一步采取相应的整改措施提供决策依据。     

不同生育阶段干旱胁迫下的水稻产量效应

以冀粳 1 4水稻为材料 ,研究了 5种水分胁迫下各生育阶段的产量效应。结果表明 :水分胁迫在不同生育阶段的产量效应差异显著 ;其效应由弱到强依次为 :无效分蘖期、灌浆成熟期、有效分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、开花灌浆期。     

乌鲁木齐城市生态系统综合评价

本研究从城市生态系统的结构、功能和协调度3个方面构建城市生态评价指标体系，应用层次分析法(AHP)对北京、上海、成都、西安、兰州、乌鲁木齐6个城市的生态状况进行定量分析。结果表明：北京、上海城市生态化程度较高，成都、西安、兰州城市生态化程度一般，乌鲁木齐市城市生态化程度较低。根据乌鲁木齐市生态环境存在的主要问题，提出了乌鲁木齐建设生态城市的主要对策。