脊尾白虾对低氧响应的转录组学分析

本研究通过高通量测序,分析低氧胁迫下脊尾白虾(Palaemon carincauda)某些基因的差异表达,获得10.62 Gb高质量测序数据,组装得到155113条转录本和118953条Unigene.注释Unigene 37580条.其中,33659条Unigene与Nr蛋白数据库基因同源;11275条Unigene...     

后金融危机时代中小企业财务危机预警管理

2008年的全球性金融危机给我国中小企业带来了巨大的冲击，绝大多数中小企业陷入了财务困境，甚至破产倒闭。在后金融危机时代，我们应该吸取经验教训，提高中小企业财务危机意识，加强财务危机的预警，防患于未然，因此建立中小企业财务危机预警模型成为刻不容缓的任务之一。文章尝试在传统的基于功效系数法下构建的中小企业财务危机预警模型中加入了关键性的非财务指标，试图通过定量与定性指标的结合，以期增加模型的全面性与准确性。     

Influence of P and K fertilization on Phytophthora root rot or excess soil water injury of alfalfa cultivars

Abstract

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is an important disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in wet soils. Excess soil water (ESW) stress is required for the successful infection and development of PRR. The effects of P at 0, 40, and 80 μg.g^‐1 soil and K at 0, 120, and 240 μg.g^‐1 soil (in factorial combinations) on the severity of PRR or ESW stress was investigated on a PRR‐susceptible (Iroquois) and a resistant (Oneida) alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse trial. P and K applications significantly increased the dry weight of tops prior to imposition of PRR or ESW stress. However, plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress did not respond significantly to P or K and there was no significant effect of P or K on the severity of PRR or ESW injury. The plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress had lower tissue P concentration than those under stress‐free conditions. Increasing P additions resulted in a significant increase in P concentration of Iroquois plants, while in Oneida the response was non‐significant. The response of K concentration in the plant to increasing K additions was dependant on P levels.     

Spoilage of Lightly Salted Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Roe at 5 ° C

Abstract

Lightly salted lumpfish roe (3.5–4.8% fw/w] salt in the water-phase, pH 5.4, vacuum-packed) was stored at 5°C. After 2 1/2 or 3 months of storage, different degrees of spoilage, caused by bacterial activity, occurred in eleven roe batches. Off-odors ranged from no or very weak odors to strong sulphury, sour odors. The microflora consisted of lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrio spp. Concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, trimethylamine and total volatile bases were unrelated to spoilage odors. Volatile sulfur compounds (H₂S, probably CS₂, CH₃SH and CH₃CH₂SH or CH3SCH3), produced during storage, appeared to be contributors to spoilage odors.     

住房抵押贷款风险控制实证研究——基于中国银行某分行的数据分析

王先谦的《荀子集解》一书，是晚清诸子学的一部重要著述，是研究和整理《荀子》一书的集大成之作。王氏的学术成就主要体现在两个方面：一是他吸纳了清代学者中研究和整理杨倞注《荀子》一书最有代表性的成果，并对各家之说作了一个梳理和辨析；二是他个人对《荀子》以及杨注的校勘、注释、考辨等方面超出了前人的成就。     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

极多产对冷胁迫后黄瓜幼苗恢复生长的影响

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度极多产溶液(壳聚糖的酸性溶液)的处理对其低温胁迫后的生长势和生理生化特性变化的影响.结果表明:在低温胁迫后恢复生长过程中,极多产处理浓度为100mg/L和200mg/L的黄瓜幼苗恢复生长较快,常温下恢复生长15d幼苗的光曲线净光合速率及活性氧清除酶SOD、APX和POD也明显高于对照,同时植株的株高、最大叶面积、鲜重和干重也都显著高于对照.说明适宜浓度的极多产处理能有效地促进冷胁迫后黄瓜幼苗的生长,对低温胁迫有一定的缓解效应.     

Activity of H+-K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells under stress in rats and analysis of electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry

AIM: To demonstrate the changes of activity and electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry staining of H⁺-K⁺-ATPase of gastric parietal cells under stress in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, stress group and stress+omeprazole (OM) group. Water immersion-restraint stress (WRS) model in SD rats was performed. The ulcer index (UI) of gastric mucosa and H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells were measured. The changes of ultrastructure and electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry staining of parietal cells were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: Compared with control group, the UI of gastric mucosa and H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in stress group. In stress+OM group, both UI and H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity decreased (P<0.01) compared with stress group. Parietal cells were in a resting state in control group, and became active in stress group, where plenty of intracellular canaliculi were observed under the TEM. In stress+OM group, the dilated intracellular canaliculi lined with rare microvilli were founded. Enzyme cytochemistry staining showed that there was little black punctate enzyme reactive product scatted in intracellular canaliculi and the apical plasma membrane of parietal cells in control group, and there were large amounts of black enzyme reactive product accumulated at the intracellular canaliculi in stress group. Scarcely deposition of enzyme reactive product in intracellular canaliculi was observed in stress+OM group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells increases under WRS, and is in accordance with ultrastructure changes. These findings suggeste that gastric acid might be one of the most important factors that result in stress ulcer.     

Assessing Well-Being in Forest Dependent Communities

Summary

This paper presents a new approach to the conceptualization and assessment of well-being in forest-dependent communities. Studies of well-being in agrarian communities, boomtowns (communities undergoing rapid growth), and forest-dependent communities are examined to highlight common themes in natural resource-dependent community studies. Social indicators are discussed and a summary of weaknesses presented. The county, a commonly used unit of analysis, is rejected in favor of a more socially relevant unit. This new approach to well-being in forest communities begins with definitions of the terms community and forest dependence. The work of Amartya Sen, whose conceptualization of well-being focuses on the real opportunities people have and their achievements in light of their opportunities, forms the foundation of the new approach proposed here. Sen's conceptualization is broadened by focusing on the community and acknowledging the importance of a sense of place. Methodologically, this new approach adds to the evaluation of social indicators an assessment of community capacity that consists of three components: physical, human, and social capital. It also involves evaluating how residents draw on and develop these aspects of their community to meet local needs and create opportunities. This results in a well-being assessment that includes static as well as dynamic measures of how communities respond to and create opportunities to improve local well-being.     

Convenient Estimation of Unfertilized Grains in Rice

Abstract

Failure of fertilization in rice is a critical yield-determining factor in plants subjected to temperature or water stress at the early-reproductive stage and in high-yield cultivars bearing heavy spikelets. Although it is important to identify quickly the unfertilized spikelets for research and selection of stress-resistant or high-ripening cultivars from bulksamples, the identification takes time because unfertilized spikelets are usually determined by visual and manual procedures. Our objective was to develop a convenient method to identify unfertilized spikelets in rice. Takanari spikelets at maturity grown in the paddy field were separated into floating and sinking spikelets by different specific gravity solutions of ethanol/water mixture. The unfertilized spikelets were identified by checking the grains inside the spikelets by light penetration and examining the spikelets manually. The percentage of floating spikelets decreased with the increase in ethanol concentration, and that of floating spikelets approximately coincided with the percentage of unfertilized spikelets when the specific gravity was below 0.90×10>³ kg m-³, corresponding to over 70% -ethanol. In a practical range of temperature the specific gravity scarcely changed. In an 80%-ethanol solution, the percentages of floating spikelets in Takanari grown under different nitrogen applications and in rice cultivars having different spikelet size approximately coincided with percentages of unfertilized spikelets, though the percentages of floating spikelets was 5 to 7% higher than the unfertilized spikelets. The use of 70%-ethanol solution increased the difference in some rice cultivars. We concluded that the gravitation method would be convenient for identification of unfertilized spikelets in bulk samples of rice.