Gill net selectivity for perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Szczecin Lagoon, Poland

This paper presents the scientific basis for changes in the minimum mesh size in gill nets, from 28 to 30 mm, introduced by fishery management in Poland to limit the catch of undersized perch (those less than 17 cm total length). Experimental fishing with six different mesh sizes was performed in accordance with commercial fisheries practice. A bi-normal selection curve was fitted to the data by including the between-set variation in the model. The locations of the primary and secondary modes of the bi-normal curve on the transformed length scale (length/mesh) were estimated to be 6.95 and 7.41, respectively. The results indicated that a minimum mesh size in gill nets of 28 mm should be sufficient to ensure a low level of discards as well as protecting the interests of fishermen.     

Biological evaluation of pearl millet protein: effect of different treatments and storage

Whole grain flour of one variety (HC-4) of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke) after giving different treatments (defatting, butylated hydroxyanisole, ascorbic acid and thermal) was stored in earthen pots at prevailing room temperature (28–34°C) and relative humidity (70–80%) for 30 days. The flour samples were evaluated for protein quality using rats. Storage of flour for 30 days markedly reduced the protein quality. The values of protein efficiency ratio, true digestibility, biological value, net protein retention and net protein utilisation were significantly (P<0.05) higher in fresh and treated flour than untreated flour. Among treated flours, defatted flour showed best growth followed by butylated hydroxyanisole, thermal and ascorbic acid treated flour.     

东海区中国毛虾张网网具的优化设计

通过对单锚毛虾张网和单锚桁杆毛虾张网模型试验,研究了该两种张网的流体阻力及扩张装置对网具的影响。结果表明：（1）毛虾张网网口上下或两侧采用悬链线式剪裁装配,与平面装配对比,在网具形状上前者优于后者。（2）单锚毛虾张网网口上下采用悬链线式剪裁装配,在拖速0.13～0.78m/s范围内,拖速逐渐增加时,水平扩张由15～30%递增,网口高度也随之增加;同一拖速下,采用悬链线式剪裁装配的网口高度均高于平面剪裁装配。单锚桁杆张网两侧采用悬链线式剪裁装配,其网口高度随拖速的增加而下降缓慢;在同一拖速下,与平面装配对比,悬链线式剪裁装配的网口高度增幅为-5.6%～43.4%。（3）同样主尺度、相同拖速、结构相似,而网口上下和两侧采用悬链线式剪裁装配,与平面装配比较,在拖速为0.13～0.78m/s增加过程中,流体阻力增加较为平缓;主尺度相近、相同拖速、网口两侧采用帆布装置扩张与桁杆扩张比较,在拖速为0.13～0.78m/s增加过程中,流体阻力增加幅度较大。（4）网口上下和两侧采用悬链线式剪裁装配的单锚张网模型和网口两侧采用悬链线式剪裁装配的单锚桁杆张网模型的迎流面积的结果表明：拖速为0.13m/s时,两者的迎流面积相差3.1%,而当拖速为0.78m/s时,前者是后者的3倍有余。     

自升式深海网箱不同工况下结构安全性评估研究

深海网箱养殖受极端环境影响较大,自升式深海网箱凭借其结构特点在极端天气下可将养殖箱体下潜入水,为更好地应对极端环境、增加养殖效益提供了可能。本文针对某自升式深海网箱,基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS的Mechanical模块,建立其有限元分析模型,而后考虑正常作业及风暴自存2种作业状态,通过编制不同相位角下桩腿支反力搜索程序确定计算工况,最终求解得到网箱各部件结构变形情况及应力分布,从而完成网箱结构安全性评估。研究表明,自升式深海网箱通过箱体下潜入水可以很好应对极端环境条件;经校核,本研究的自升式深海网箱结构安全性满足要求;桩腿及附近撑杆是自升式网箱的结构薄弱区域,在网箱设计中应予重点考虑。本研究可为自升式深海网箱结构安全分析提供方法参考。     

架子网选型试验网模水槽试验报告

近几年，水产科技工作者相继研制出多种结构形式的架子网，试图解决架子网大量损伤幼鱼问题，最典型的有开口式、腹洞式、八片式三种，这些网在增产和释放幼鱼方面各具特色。为了选出一种最佳网型，我们于１９９１至１９９２年进行了架子网选型试验。选型以传统架子网为参照，三种典型为参选图，分别进行实网生产对比试验和网模水槽试验，优选出最佳网型。本文着重介绍网模水槽试验方法、内容及结果。     

鲈流刺网技术研究

对鲈流刺网的不同目大，网线规格，缩结系数进行了研究试验，结果：以目大１５５ｍｍ、网线规格０．６ｍｍ，水平缩结系数０．６为宜。３只１２马力渔船用此网生产一年半，创产值１９８．４元，利税１８０多万元。专家鉴定认为本成果居国内先进水平。     

小型渔船绳拖网的研究与试验

１９９３～１９９５年，先后设计和试验了网口目大６ｍ，８ｍ，１０．８ｍ３种规格拖网，普遍增产２０％以上，本文着重介绍１３６ｋＷ渔船使用的网口目大８ｍ的拖网设计方法及试验情况，提出根据捕捞对象习性选择网身形状，根据网以力和渔船功率配置网线，并研究了网目尺寸和网口周长的确定以及网盖和网袖设计。     

塘堰轮捕轮放网具及其轮捕技术的研究

对塘堰鲢、鳙、草鱼的体形系数研究得出:鲢、鳙、草鱼的体长系数K_1分别为0.166,0.168和0.145;肥瘦系数K_2分别为6.36,6.40和5.50。直接采用体重公式α=K_2·G~(1/3)的计算结果来设计网具的网目大小。对所研究的三层拖刺网和革新地曳网经1984、1985两年的8个不同塘堰面积,近100网次的试验,证明它们是塘堰轮捕轮放的新型网具。     

拖速和曳纲长度对南极磷虾中层拖网网位的影响

利用2015年2—7月随青岛远洋捕捞有限公司南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)大型中层拖网渔船"明开轮"赴南极南舍得兰群岛水域执行农业部南极海洋生物开发利用项目期间收集的网位(D)、网口高度(H)、曳纲投放长度(L)和拖速(V)等数据,分析了拖速和曳纲长度对拖网网位和网口高度的影响。本研究中,网口高度定义为网口上下纲深度之差;网位定义为网口中心位置水深。根据渔船作业习惯和虾群群体特点,曳纲投放长度范围138~258 m,每档间隔20 m。拖速1~3 kn,间隔0.5 kn。结果表明:(1)网口高度变化范围为13.6~24.1 m,网位水深变化范围为50~70 m;(2)作业过程中,南极磷虾拖网网位变化主要由曳纲长度决定,曳纲从138 m开始投放时,每增加20 m,网位平均下降深度约1.9 m,网口高度平均减小1.1 m,曳纲长度对网位和网口高度均产生极为显著的影响(P0.01);(3)拖速由1.0 kn变化至3.0 kn时,网位平均上升速率约2.9 m/kn,网口高度平均减小速率为2 m/kn,平均降低19.8%,拖速对网位和网口高度的影响显著(P0.05);(4)不同曳纲长度时的各拖速区间内的平均网位变化速率呈先减小后逐渐增大的规律。本研究结果不仅可为南极磷虾渔船船长根据虾群的群体大小、水层变化及其与网具的位置关系,适时调整曳纲长度和拖速,使网位到达预设水层,实现瞄准捕捞提供参考,还可为研究南极磷虾拖网网具性能的优化以及南极磷虾拖网网具设计的改进提供基础资料。     

Improving rearing performance in sea‐cage culture of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis juveniles (Temminck and Schlegel) using small sea cages

High levels of mortality occur in large net‐cage culture of Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF) Thunnus orientalis due to poor growth on commencement of sea‐cage culture obstructing the mass production of fingerlings. Therefore, we carried out this study to develop a countermeasure by using small sea cages (square with 13‐m sides). PBF juveniles were directly transferred to a 30‐m‐diameter cage (control) and compared them to fish transferred to small sea cages for 12 days before being merged into another 30‐m‐diameter cage. The survival rate, growth performance and potential factors increasing mortality were examined. The results of our study showed that survival rate in small sea cages was approximately 20% higher than that of the control. Poor growth also occurred in the small sea cages; however, its frequency and daily mortality rate were half those in the control. In addition, growth performance such as specific growth rate and weight gain of PBF juveniles in small sea cages significantly increased compared to the control. These results suggest that using small sea cages could be an effective countermeasure for poor growth, which may mitigate the high‐mortality conditions of current sea‐cage culture systems for PBF.