福建青冈天然林种群结构特征和物种多样性

采用相邻格子法,对闽北建瓯福建青冈天然林进行群落调查,分析了福建青冈群落的种类组成、群落物种多样性.结果表明:建瓯福建青冈群落有明显的乔木层,郁闭度较大,林下植被较少;综合分析多样性各个指数,可知建瓯福建青冈群落的单一性较强,多数种群的扩展受到限制,虽然该群落目前是以福建青冈为优势树种的进展演替阶段,但如果一旦生境改变...     

闽北山地杉木纯林和杉阔混交林林下植物多样性研究

对福建省建瓯市的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)纯林及3种杉阔混交林的林下植物多样性进行了调查和分析。结果表明:混交林林下灌木层的丰富度指数和Shannon-wienner多样性指数值均大于草本层,除杉木×鹅掌楸混交林外,其他2种混交林草本层的优势度指数值大于灌木层,均匀度指数则是灌木层大于草本层;混交林林下植物种类较少,优势种明显,且分布不均;4种多样性测度指标在不同混交林中差异不大,混交林与杉木纯林差异亦不明显。研究结果可为改进闽北山地杉木纯林及其混交林的培育和经营管理、实现杉木林可持续经营提供参考。     

核桃-苜蓿-鸡治理模式对荒岗植物多样性的影响

为进一步完善核桃一苜蓿一鸡的荒岗治理模式,对该模式下荒岗植物多样性的变化进行了研究。结果表明：治理模式建立后,随运行年限的增加,在前4a林木郁闭度增长速度较快,第9年达到最高;单位面积林木保有量非常稳定,为700株／hm^2;核桃树高与冠幅前4a增长较快,以后基本稳定不变,保持在450cm左右;植物物种丰富度在运行期间呈现先增加后降低的趋势;植物多样性随着运行年限的增加而增加,4a后随着林木郁闭度的增大多样性降低,当郁闭度接近0．8时物种多样性和丰富度均较高。     

Variability and divergence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis> for further use in tree improvement

A total of 24 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits (4 pod traits, 6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits) at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity — Mandar, Ranchi district during 2005–2007. The results show that, CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz, pod length (65.6 mm), 100-pod weight (542.4 g), seed 2D (two dimension) area (351.2 mm²), seed length (27.9 mm), seed breadth (17.4 mm), 100-seed weight (217.9 g) and plant height (164.3 cm). The traits, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability (98.4%, 96.9%) accompanied with high genetic advance (46.0%, 34.9%). There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height, collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS (months after sowing). Volume index expressed a moderate heritability (47.4%) accompanied with high genetic advance (48.4%), indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects. In divergence study, 24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster IV (CPT-5, CPT-6, CPT-7, CPT-12, CPT-16, CPT-18, CPT-22) and cluster III (CPT-4, CPT-8, CPT-9, CPT-20, CPT-21) were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization. The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II, followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates. It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.     

Species diversity and stability of natural secondary communities with different cutting intensities after ten years

Species diversity and stability of natural secondary communities in different layers with different cutting intensities 10 years later were investigated by calculating Marglef Richness index (R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson diversity index (P), and Pielou Evenness index (J). Results show that the values of R, H and P among different layers are listed in a decreasing order: the shrub layer > the arbor layer > the herb layer, all the three indices values reach the maximum under medium selective cutting intensity after 10 years. The J value of the shrub layer shows a concave parabolic change with the increase in cutting intensity; it shows a linear increase for the arbor layer, whereas the J value of the herb layer shows an opposite change pattern. The values of R at different cutting intensities had high significant difference, but other indices had not significant difference. The stability of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years is non-cutting> low selective cutting intensity > medium selective cutting intensity > high selective cutting intensity > extra-high intensity > clear cutting. The stability of communities at different cutting intensities after 10 years shows that the greater cutting intensities, the worse the stability is.     

Effects of rainwater harvesting on herbage diversity and productivity in degraded Aravalli hills in western India

Over-exploitation and rural growth have severely damaged native vegetations of Aravalli hills in Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different restoration practices (i.e., rainwater harvesting (RWH) and planting of tree seedlings) on improve- ment in soil water and nutrients and growth and biomass of herbaceous vegetation. Contour trench (CT), Gradonie (G), Box trench (BT), V-ditch (VD) and a control were imposed on 75 plots (each of 700 m 2 ) in natural slope gradient defined as <10%, 10% 20% and >20% slopes in 2005. Each plot had three micro-sites of 1-m 2 at up (USP), middle (MSP) and lower (LSP) part of the plot for observation in 2008. The existed gradient (due to soil texture and topographic features) of soil pH, EC, SOC, NH 4 - N, NO 3 -N and PO 4 -P in June 2005 between >20% to <10% slopes were decreased in 2008 after applying RWH techniques. Such improvement in soil status promoted vegetation growth and biomass in higher slope gra- dients. Soil water, species diversity and herbage biomass increased from USP to LSP, and RWH techniques had positive role in improving SOC, nutrients, vegetation population, evenness and growth at MSP. Despite of lowest SWC, regular rain and greater soil water usage enhanced green and dry herbage biomasses in 10% 20% and >20% slopes, compared with <10% slope. The highest diversity in CT treatment was related to herbage biomass, which was enhanced further by highest concentrations of SOC and PO 4 -P. Further, CT treatment was found to be the best treat- ment in minimizing biomass variance in different slopes. Conclusively, soil texture and topographic features controlled soil water and nutrients availability. Rainwater harvesting techniques increased soil water storage and nutrient retention and also enhanced vegetation status and biomass by minimizing the effects of hillslopes. Thus depending upon the site conditions, suitable RWH technique could be adopted to increase herb- age biomass while rehabilitating the degraded hills.     

Composition and diversity of five major forest types in moist temperate climate of the western Himalayas

The present study was undertaken in five major forest types (dominated by Quercus semecarpifolia, Quercus floribunda, Acer acuminatum, Abies pindrow and Aesculus indica, respectively) between 2400 and 2850 m a.s.l. in a moist temperate forest of the Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim was to assess the variation in composition and diversity in different vegetation layers, i.e., herb, shrub and tree, among these five forest types. Diversity indices, such as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, density, total basal cover, Simpson’s concentration of dominance index, Simpson’s diversity index, Pielou’s equitability, species richness, species heterogeneity and β-diversity, were calculated to understand community structures. Dominance-diversity curves were drawn to ascertain resource apportionment among various species in different forest types.     

桉树人工林昆虫多样性研究

2008-2010年连续3年对广西桉树人工林的昆虫多样性调查,获取的昆虫标本隶属18目82科134种。昆虫群落多样性在桉树造林后1年内下降,2—3年后恢复甚至超过造林前的水平;桉树人工林内不同功能昆虫亚群落的结构比较合理,天敌昆虫种类比较丰富,对植食性昆虫的种群增长发挥重要的自然控制作用。     

广东潮州凤凰山次生林物种多样性及群落优势种的研究

应用样方调查法,研究分析了广东潮安凤凰山省级自然保护区内2片保护状态较好的次生林群落的植物组成和物种多样性特点.在两个面积为1200 m2的调查样方内,共记录了112种维管植物,隶属于48科77属.次生林优势科为茜草科、山茶科和樟科.乔木层优势种为阿丁枫(Altingia chinensis)、尖叶假蚊母树(Disty...     

毛乌素沙地天然臭柏种群4种形态变异类型的遗传多样性初步分析

利用随机扩增DNA多态性(RAPD)技术,对毛乌素沙地天然臭柏种群4种形态变异类型的遗传多样性进行分析.用17个随机引物扩增出201条清晰谱带,其中194条为多态性谱带,并利用POP(GENE VERSION 1.31软件对数据进行处理.结果表明:臭柏4种形态变异类型的遗传多样性较丰富,各类型样本多态位点百分率在79...