Effects of Supplementing a Basal Diet of Chloris gayana Hay with One of Three Protein-rich Legume Hays of Cassia rotundifolia,Lablab purpureus and Macroptilium atropurpureum Forage on Some Nutritional Parameters in Goats

Growth and digestibility experiments were conducted on growing East African type goats offered Chloris gayana hay supplemented with one of three high-protein (119–128 g CP/kg DM) legume hays, Cassia rotundifolia (cassia), Lablab purpureus (lablab) or Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro), and crushed maize to investigate the feed intake, digestibility, growth and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Goats in the supplemented groups had higher total dry matter and nitrogen intakes and higher N retention and body mass gains than unsupplemented counterparts. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre were increased by protein supplementation. Animals on supplemented diets had higher fractional outflow rates of particulate matter from the rumen. The production of protein by ruminal microbes and the efficiency of microbial N production were increased by supplementation. It was concluded that a mixture of low-quality grass hay (61.9 CP/kg DM) and either cassia, lablab or siratro hay, and maize grain can provide a productive balanced diet for growing goats.     

高产奶牛孕检后同期发情程序选择的研究

为了研究适用于高产奶牛的同期发情程序方案,将218头膘情良好、子宫和卵巢发育正常的不同胎次荷斯坦牛随机分成两组,试验1组为106头,试验2组为112头,分别采用两种同期程序(0.5.6.8和0.7.8.9)进行处理,测定情期受胎率,用于评价两种同期程序对高产奶牛的适用性.结果表明,试验2组情期受胎率平均为41.96％,...     

1961-2015年吉林省降雨侵蚀力的时空变化特征

[目的]分析吉林省1961-2015年降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势,为该省的农业和生态保护、水土保持等工作提供科学依据.[方法]利用吉林省46个自动气象站1961-2015年逐日降雨量资料估算吉林省逐气象站的降雨侵蚀力,并采用相关系数、气候倾向率和反距离空间插值方法分析吉林省降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势.[结果]吉林省年平均降雨侵蚀力在空间分布上从集安开始呈向西北和东北逐渐递减的变化趋势,其空间分布特征与年平均降水量的空间分布特征基本一致.时间分布上与多年平均降水量的时间分布特征具有高度一致性,在7月达到峰值.有34.8％的气象站点降雨侵蚀力呈上升趋势,中、西部大部分地区呈下降趋势,东部有1/2以上呈上升趋势,但只有长白站的下降趋势通过显著性检验.不同地区各年代平均降雨侵蚀力变化也不一致,具有波动性.不同年代各降雨侵蚀力等值线在空间分布上总体变化不大.[结论]吉林省降雨侵蚀力在时空变化上与降水量一致,不同地区降雨侵蚀力变化趋势不一样,几乎没有通过显著性检验.     

Presence of cervical vertebral malformation in Dobermann puppies and the effects of diet and growth rate

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between diet, growth rate and the presence of caudal cervical malformation in Doberman puppies. DESIGN: A prospective study of 15 Dobermann puppies from three unrelated litters, aged from 0 to 16 weeks. PROCEDURE: The growth rate in terms of body weight gain and increase in ulna length were measured weekly for all puppies. In addition the nutritional quality of the diets was assessed. Radiographs of the cervical spine were taken at 6 and between 12 and 16 weeks of age and examined for the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. A mixed model for repeated measures data was used to investigate the relationship between the growth rate of the puppies and the fixed effects age, dam, diet, gender and presence of caudal cervical malformation. RESULTS: Five of the puppies had changes consistent with caudal cervical malformation. The diets fed were either balanced or transiently deficient in protein, calcium, phosphorus and/or magnesium. There was no significant association between growth rate and the variables dam, gender and the presence of caudal cervical vertebral malformation. There was no significant association between diet and increase in ulna length, but a trend existed between body weight gain and the feeding of a balanced diet (P = 0.0672). CONCLUSION: Caudal cervical vertebral changes can be detected radiographically as early as 6 weeks of age in some Dobermann puppies. A balanced diet and growth rate are not significant factors in its initial development.     

Detection of cigarettes and other tobacco products by giant African pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus)

If the illicit tobacco trade were eliminated, governments could gain at least $31.3 billion a year, and more than 164,000 premature deaths a year could be avoided after 2030 (Joossens, Merriman, Ross, and Raw, 2009). Dogs have been used successfully in tobacco control programs, and there is a good chance that rats could also play an important role. In the present experiment, giant African pouched rats were trained to respond to filters that had been stored together with cigarettes (i.e., soaked) and to not respond to filters that had been soaked with noncigarette items. Generalization to untrained types of tobacco was then tested. The sensitivity of 4 rats trained on filters soaked with 1 of 7 types of cigarettes ranged from 86% to 100% (mean, 95%). There was very little evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on tobacco leaves and snuff but good evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on cigarettes that had been soaked with strong-smelling additives. These findings suggest that rats may be a valuable asset in the global effort to control illicit cigarette trade.     

容积率对地价的影响及修正系数的确定--以南京市六合区为例

容积率是评价地价的重要指标,它对地区的经济发展有很大的影响。为此,通过对容积率内涵的挖掘,分析了容积率影响地价的几个主要方面;结合南京市六合区本次基准地价更新的调查资料,从样点地价的容积率修正和基准地价的容积率修正两个方面对容积率修正系数进行了分析。     

阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律与灌溉定额

为了给阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)灌溉提供科学依据,利用1984-2013年30年气象数据,采用联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼-蒙特斯公式法,研究了阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律和灌溉定额。结果表明,阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿第1茬、第2茬、第3茬、第4茬、生长季、非生长季和全年需水量分别为221、187、169、179、755、70和825mm,需水强度分别为4.3、4.7、4.1、2.5、3.7、0.4和2.3 mm·d~(-1),灌溉需水量分别为194、118、66、131、508、56和564mm,灌溉定额分别为228、139、78、154、598、66和664 mm。     

EFFECT OF OBSERVER VARIABILITY ON GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE MEASUREMENT BY RENAL SCINTIGRAPHY IN DOGS

Observer variation in kidney depth measurement for correction of soft-tissue attenuation and kidney region of interest (ROI) drawing was evaluated using 60 clinical dogs with a wide range of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for their effect on the calculated percentage uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and individual kidney GFR by scintigraphy. Kidney depth was measured separately on the lateral image using two color tables: a threshold and a continuous red-green-blue. Within-observer variability of the semi-automatic ROI drawing of the estimated total GFR was up to 10% for the right kidney (RK) and 9% for the left kidney (LK). The variability was lower between observers, 6% for RK and 8% for LK. Manual ROI drawing caused more within observer variation than semi-automatic: up to 14% for RK and 11% for LK. Continuous red-green-blue table caused more variation within and between observers than threshold table. Average within-observer variability from both observers of kidney depth measurement on different color tables could vary up to 5.5% and 6.5% variation of the GFR of RK and LK, respectively. Most variation affecting the DTPA percentage uptake came from the ROI drawing technique. Variations of the method because of the effects of both kidney depth and kidney ROI drawing were up to 8% and 10% for RK and LK, respectively. To minimize these variations a threshold scale should be used for the kidney depth measurement and an automatic or semi-automatic ROI should be used whenever possible. In sequential examinations the same person should make all the measurements.     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在蝗虫和群间的流行规律研究

在同德县北巴滩进行了不同浓度蝗虫微孢子虫（N.L)小区试验和大面积推广试验，并在1997和1999年对防治效果作了调查，结果表明N.L不仅当年虫口减退率和感病率可达60％和50％以上（30天），而且在1997年、1999年防区内平均感病率仍保持在30％和40％。说明N.L具有较强的水平扩散能力和垂直感染能力，可持续、有效地控制蝗灾的发生。     

家兔超数排卵和胚胎移植妊娠率的影响因素分析

应用FSH和HCG相结合的不同方法 (递减量与恒量法),对不同兔龄和是否经产的中国家兔进行了超数排卵处理。其中,递减量法超排处理:每间隔12 h依次肌肉注射15、15、10、10、5及5 U/只共60 U的FSH,6次之后间隔12 h,经耳缘静脉注射HCG 100 U/只,合笼;恒量法超排处理:每间隔12 h肌肉注射10 U/只共60 U的FSH,6次之后间隔12 h,经耳缘静脉注射HCG 100 U/只,合笼。17 h后,取卵经显微注射后移植到排卵点分布不同的家兔输卵管中,比较分析了超数排卵及胚胎移植妊娠率的影响因素,旨在优化兔超数排卵和胚胎移植方法。结果显示,①总量为60 U的FSH递减量肌肉注射法超排效果略优于恒量法(688枚、671枚),但差异不显著(P>0.05);②9～11月龄的母兔超排效果明显优于6～8月龄的母兔(794枚、565枚),差异显著(P<0.05);③经产母兔的超排效果明显优于未经产的母兔(887枚、472枚),差异显著(P<0.05);④经显微注射重组DNA的胚胎移植受体时,两侧卵巢均有排卵点的胚胎移植受体妊娠率明显高于一侧卵巢有排卵点和两侧卵巢均无排卵点的受体(81.25%、38.46%、37.50%),差异显著(P<0.05)。试验证明,通过肌肉注射递减总量为60 U的FSH对9～11月龄经产母兔的超排效果最佳,且两侧卵巢均有排卵点的受体胚胎移植妊娠率最高,为胚胎研究工作者提供了一定的参考依据。