Differences in Flowering Habit between Determinate and Indeterminate Types of Soybean

Summary

The differences of flowering habit, yield and yield components between determinate (cultivar Tatisuzunari) and indeterminate (cultivar Touzan 69) soybean were examined in relation to raceme order. Although flowering habit, i.e., successive flowering from basal to apical nodes was the same in both types, the succession of flowering on low order racemes on the main stem increased more rapidly (1.4 nodes per day) in Tatisuzunari than in Touzan 69 (0.8 nodes per day). In Tatisuzunari flowering on a higher order raceme began after flowering of the first order raceme had finished, but in Touzan 69 flowering on the first order raceme continued upto higher nodes accompanied with flowering on higher order racemes thus producing a higher number of flowers. In Tatisuzunari, the flower shedding rate was higher, the higher was the raceme order, but in Touzan 69 the shedding rate was highest in the first and second order racemes. The pod setting ratio on all racemes was higher in Tatisuzunari than in Touzan 69. In Tatisuzunari, the 100 seed weight was similar on every raceme, although that on the second order racemes with compound leaves was slightly higher. In Touzan 69, it decreased with the increase of raceme order. The second order raceme with compound leaves played a pivotal role for the determination of total number of nodes, number of flowers, pod setting ratio, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight in Tatisuzunari. However, in Touzan 69, racemes contributing to yield were limited to the first and second racemes. In Touzan 69, leaf length decreased drastically from basal to apical nodes, favoring the even distribution of light in the canopy, whereas, in Tatisuzunari, the leaf length increased from lower to higher nodes.     

黑龙江省大豆品种创新与推广的现状与建议

文章总结了2000—2010年黑龙江省大豆育种取得的成绩,分析了存在的问题,对今后的育种工作提出了五点建议。     

6-BA和IBA浓度对不同基因型大豆胚尖诱导丛生芽的影响

以吉林17,吉林27,吉林28和吉林29共4种大豆基因型胚尖为外植体诱导丛生芽,研究了不同浓度的六苄基嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)对胚尖再生率的影响.结果表明:不同基因型大豆在不同激素浓度配比下再生率存在明显差异.吉林28和吉林29更适合大豆胚尖再生系统,其最佳激素配比均为2.0 mg·L-16-BA +0.2 mg·L-1IBA,再生率为分别达78.17％和80.04％.     

Water Uptake by Seeds in Yellow-seeded Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Cultivars with Contrasting Imbibition Behaviors

Abstract

The rate of water uptake by seeds is assumed to be an important factor affecting the susceptibility of seeds to flooding injury, but the traits which could contribute to restricting rapid imbibition by seeds remain undetermined in yellow-seeded soybeans. This study was conducted to determine the possible factors controlling the rate of imbibition in soybeans with yellow seed coats. The imbibition behavior of two yellow-seeded cultivars, Tamahomare and Tachinagaha, with different flooding susceptibilities was examined in relation to initial seed moisture content, the hydration location of the seed surface during imbibition, and the state of the seed coat. Low seed moisture increased the water uptake by Tamahomare intact seeds and even allowed substantially faster imbibition than occurred in its embryos, while in Tachinagaha seed moisture content had little influence on seed imbibition. This rapid imbibition by low-moisture Tamahomare seeds was not due to alterations in the permeability of the seed coat nor in water uptake by the embryo, but rather to increased movement of water along the abaxial sides of the cotyledons. The seed coat of Tamahomare loosened readily upon submergence whilst that of Tachinagaha rather tightly adhered to the embryo, suggesting that the seed coat of Tamahomare adheres very loosely to the embryo and may aid in conducting water laterally between the seed coat and embryo. The degree of adherence of the coat to the embryo and/or the ease with which the coat can be loosened upon hydration appear to play a crucial role in determining the rate of water uptake in yellow-seeded soybeans.     

春大豆氮肥施用与大豆品种组合优选研究

以特豆1号、浙春3号和特豆5号为材料,研究了不同氮肥处理对春大豆主要农艺性状、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:特豆5号在施纯氮90 kg.hm-2时,大豆籽粒氮含量、氮利用率和产量均高于其它处理组合,产量达2 240 kg.hm-2。3个供试品种中,特豆5号是氮高效利用型品种,浙春3号对氮最敏感。施氮水平和品种间具有极显著的互作效应,以A2B3组合(特豆5号施纯氮90 kg.hm-2)产量最高。     

大豆区试产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析

以河南省大豆区试品种为材料,应用灰色关联度分析方法,对大豆的主要性状进行了分析。结果表明:对大豆产量影响最大的性状是单株粒数,其后依次为株高、百粒重、单株粒重、单株荚数、主茎节数、底荚高度、有效分枝数。株高、单株荚数和单株粒数为产量的主要影响因素,因此,在品种选育中,对有限结荚习性品种进行选择时,要优先考虑选择植株高大、籽粒大、结荚相对较多的单株。     

2种大豆胞囊线虫鉴定方法比较及分析

从计数方法、播种方法、鉴定准确性等方面对实用性较强的塑料钵柱法和酸性品红染色法2种大豆胞囊线虫鉴定方法进行了比较。塑料钵柱法鉴定时,可观察到大豆胞囊线虫病的主要发病特征,包括叶片变黄﹑植株矮小﹑根部有胞囊形成等典型症状。利用酸性品红染色法鉴定时未见叶片变黄,根部未见胞囊,但在20×显微镜下可检测处于二龄期的幼虫,可用于鉴定计数。2种鉴定方法对鉴别寄主具有同等区别抗感材料的能力,但在鉴别较大群体时品红染色法鉴定结果变异率低,同时在鉴定周期和效率上明显优于塑料钵柱法。因此,在对较大群体进行鉴定时,酸性品红染色法是一种便捷且准确性较高的鉴定方法。     

德州大豆蛋白产业的现状、存在问题及可持续发展对策研究

通过问卷调查和实地调研，了解德州大豆蛋白产业的发展现状及市场需求，并针对存在的问题，提出了可持续发展的对策建议。     

钼肥对玉米大豆间作体系中玉米产量影响的研究

本试验运用三因素二次回归正交旋转组设计的试验方法,进行钼肥对玉米、大豆间作体系中玉米产量影响的研究.结果表明:施钼量和玉米密度,施钼量和带型配置都有一定的互作效应;当玉米密度、带型配置适当时施入钼肥均能增加玉米产量,即在玉米大豆体系中加入钼肥能有效地提高间作玉米的产量.在试验条件下,当玉米密度为43 747.2株/hm2,玉米与大豆带型配置为2∶2,大豆钼酸铵用量为3 750 g/hm2时,间作玉米产量可达到7 452.406 kg/hm2.     

中国豆粕市场的价格博弈分析

分析了豆粕价格波动现状及对饲料行业和畜牧业的不利影响，构造了n个博弈方的伯特兰德（Bertrand）价格博弈模型，通过求解方程组得出以下结论：异质产品的Bertrand博弈只有一个均衡。对2人情形，得出了均衡对称条件下的市场价格。