大豆新品种辽豆34的选育与适应性分析

辽豆34是辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所选育的高产、优质、抗病、适应性广的大豆新品种,分别于2011和2015年通过辽宁省和国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。适于在辽宁省中部和南部、山西中部和东南部、宁夏中部和北部及甘肃中部等地区大面积推广种植。     

大豆转化过程中的褐化现象研究

由大豆愈伤组织所产生的酚类物质可诱发组织产生褐化,并严重影响大豆离体培养时植株的转化率。本文以东农50为试验材料,研究了不同外植体和不同添加剂对抑制褐化的作用。结果表明,子叶节和胚尖作为外植体褐化率较低;L-半胱氨酸和AgNO3对大豆抑制褐化效果明显。     

Root Growth of Two Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars Grown under Different Groundwater Level Conditions

Abstract

Soybean yield is low in the fields with a low groundwater level during summer due to drought stress. By raising the groundwater level using Farm-Oriented Enhancing Aquatic System (FOEAS) the yield of soybean cultivar Sachiyutaka can be increased, but not that of Fukuyutaka. Here, we examined the effect of the groundwater level on root growth and its dynamics in these two cultivars. Three of the four experiments demonstrated that root elongation ceased just below groundwater level in both cultivars. However, when the groundwater level was kept at 35 cm or deeper, the root growth at an early growth stage was more vigorous at a deeper layer in Fukuyutaka than in Sachiyutaka, but at the mid-growth stage root growth in Sachiyutaka became similar to or exceeded that of Fukuyutaka. These results indicated that the optimum control technique for the groundwater level differed with the cultivar. The groundwater level for Sachiyutaka should be kept relatively high at an early growth stage. Further studies will be needed to clarify the optimum control technique for maximizing the yield of Fukuyutaka that have a fast root growth at an early growth stage.     

Identification of a new strain of Tobacco mosaic virus infecting soybean in India based on host reactions and 3′ end genome sequence

A new strain of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was isolated from soybean (Glycine max) in India (TMV-SoyIn). It produced puckering symptoms on inoculated soybean cultivars, JS-20-30 and JS 93-05, and severe necrotic spots on inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi, followed by systemic necrotic spots on subsequent leaves as well as greenish mosaic symptoms on the top leaves. In the electron microscope, tobamovirus like particles were observed in soybean leaves and also in the other inoculated host plants. The host reactions revealed that the present isolate was different from the previously described TMV strain of soybean (TMV-S) from Yugoslavia. To confirm the virus identity, the 3′ end of the genome containing the movement protein gene, coat protein and the 3′ untranslated region of the virus isolate was sequenced (1494 nucleotides; JQ895560). Results indicated that the virus associated with soybean crinkle was an isolate of TMV as the present isolate had 94.4–99.7% sequence identity with known TMV isolates. This is the first report of a TMV-strain infecting soybean in India.     

通径分析在大豆菌核病流行中的应用

为明确大豆菌核病发生发展中各个时期气象因子的重要性及相关性,对黑龙江省大豆主产区中9个地点的大豆田菌核病病情指数进行调查,收集各地6～8月的平均降水量、平均日照时数和平均气温,在此基础上采用多元回归分析的方法建立回归方程,然后利用通径分析确定影响菌核病发生的主要气象因子。结果表明:8月份平均降水量对大豆菌核病病情指数的影响最为严重,其次为7月份平均日照时数和8月份平均温度;7月份平均日照时数是通过与8月份平均降水量相互作用对大豆菌核病的病情指数产生较大影响。其它因子的直接间接通径系数都很低,对菌核病病情指数的影响不大。因此,在7月份的平均日照时数少,8月份平均降雨量大,并且8月份平均温度适宜的情况下菌核病将发生流行。     

灰色综合评判法在国家大豆区试品种评价中的应用

采用灰色系统理论中的灰色综合评判方法,对17个大豆区试品种进行了9个主要性状指标的综合分析和评价,最后得出结论为:各性状在评价品种优劣中所占的比重依次为产量>单株粒重>生育日数>百粒重>主茎节数>株高>有效分枝>有效荚数>单株粒数。为大豆新品种的选育和评价提供了依据和方法。     

Previous Corn Row Effects on Potassium Nutrition and Yield of Subsequent No‐Till Soybeans

Abstract

Narrow‐row soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean rotations results in various distances of soybean rows from previous corn rows, yet little is known about soybean responses to proximity to prior corn rows in no‐till systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of preceding corn rows on potassium (K) nutrition and yield of subsequent no‐till soybeans. Four field experiments involving a corn–soybean rotation were conducted on long‐term no‐till fields with low to medium K levels from 1998 to 2000 near Paris and Kirkton, Ontario, Canada. In the corn year, treatments included K application rate and placement in conjunction with tillage systems or corn hybrids. Before soybean flowering, soil exchangeable K concentrations (0–20 cm depth) in previous corn rows were significantly higher than those between corn rows. At the initial flowering stage, trifoliate leaf K concentrations of soybeans in preceding corn rows were 2.0 to 5.3 g kg^?1 higher than those from corresponding plants between corn rows. Yield of no‐till soybeans in previous corn rows increased 10 to 44% compared to those between previous corn rows. Positive impacts of prior corn rows on soil K fertility, soybean leaf K, and soybean yield occurred even when K fertilizer was not applied in the prior corn season. Deep banding of K fertilizer tended to accentuate row vs. between‐row effects on soybean leaf K concentrations in low‐testing soils. Corn row effects on soybeans were generally not affected by either tillage system or corn hybrid employed in the prior corn crop. Potassium management strategies for narrow‐row no‐till soybeans should take the potential preceding corn row impacts on soil K distribution into account; adjustments to current soil sampling protocols may be warranted when narrow‐row no‐till soybeans follow corn on soils with low to medium levels of exchangeable K.     

盆钵形状和植株数对盆栽大豆农艺性状的影响

以有限结荚习性的小粒豆材料V97-9003为试材,在固定盆钵容积的情况下,改变盆钵规格(直径和深度),或者在固定盆钵规格的情况下,改变种植株数,考察盆栽大豆农艺性状的变化。结果表明,①在固定盆钵容积的情况下,管径变大(即管高缩短),大豆有效分枝数显著增加;不同管高对有效分枝数的影响不显著,大豆有效分枝数主要受盆径大小(即单株种植面积)的影响。②大豆株高在容积相同的不同盆钵间差异未达到统计显著水平,而在同一管径的盆钵中,盆钵深度增加则株高显著降低,大豆株高主要受盆钵深度影响。③在固定盆钵规格的情况下,株高、无效结荚数和百粒质量对种植密度反应不敏感。其他测定农艺性状对大豆栽植密度反应敏感。以盆栽植株数为自变量(x),拟合的回归方程为结荚高度y=0.852 1 x+7.373 3(r2=0.732 6),主茎节数y=-0.336 4 x+14.88(r2=0.931 5),有效分枝数y=10.889x-0.636 4(r2=0.848 4),单株有效荚数y=270.45x-0.759(r2=0.828 8),单株粒质量y=70.464x-0.798 6(r2=0.863 6),单株根质量y=7.154 9x-0.642 5(r2=0.763 3)。在盆栽株数低于8株或7株时,每盆总粒数、总粒质量和总根质量与盆栽株数的关系可以用直线方程进行拟合,即每盆总粒数y=90.921 x+453(r2=0.798 3),每盆总粒质量y=9.621 4 x+57.804(r2=0.716 5),每盆总根质量y=1.329 6 x+6(r2=0.904 9)。     

大豆花荚期冠层晴天光谱特征分析

利用美国SE590辐射分光光谱仪在晴天中午对大豆冠层各种辐射光谱成分进行了测定，研究了冠层上方总辐射、反射辐射及基部透射辐射的各种光谱变化规律。结果表明，冠层上方总辐射、反射辐射、基都透射辐射及吸收辐射中光合有效辐射所占百分比分别为47．5％、25．7％、29．6％和80．1％。在此基础上，进一步得出了大豆冠层反射率光谱变化规律，并利用三次样条函数对大豆冠层反射率光谱曲线进行模拟，结果表明256组实测数据组成的反射率──波长曲线可以由12组实测数据通过三次样条函数进行较为准确的模拟，平均模拟误差为4．9％。     

向大豆导入琉璃苣Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的初步研究

采用RT-PCR法扩增出中国境内生长的琉璃苣Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因,序列分析表明,该基因全长为1 359个核苷酸,与美国德克萨斯州的琉璃苣Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因同源性可达到99%。将克隆到的基因连接pRTL2质粒的35S启动子,构建重组载体pPTN-D6D,并通过农杆菌介导的子叶节转化系统,将该基因导入到垦农18和小粒豆2个大豆品种中。经PCR检测分析,初步证明琉璃苣Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因已导入并整合到大豆基因组中。