Malignant Hyperthermia Associated with Ryanodine Receptor 1 (C7360G) Mutation in Quarter Horses

Background: Anesthetic‐induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) has been documented in Quarter Horses with a single point mutation in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RyR1) at nucleotide C7360G, generating a R2454G amino acid substitution. However, there have been no reports of nonanesthetic manifestations of MH in horses with the C7360G mutation. Objective: To describe clinical manifestations of Quarter Horses with the C7360G mutation. Animals: Eleven Quarter Horses with the RyR1 C7360G mutation. Methods: This prospective study included horses with suspected MH, undetermined etiology of sudden death, death within hours of onset of rhabdomyolysis, muscle rigidity, stiffness, intermittent sweating, and persistent increases in serum muscle enzyme activities. Whole blood in EDTA and skeletal muscle were processed for genetic and histochemical analysis. Medical records and pedigrees were collected when available. Results: Both anesthetic‐ and non–anesthetic‐associated myopathic manifestations of MH occurred in halter Quarter Horses with mutation of RyR1. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Clinical and laboratory abnormalities were similar in both forms. Rhabdomyolysis was a common finding in both groups of horses. Skeletal muscle histochemical findings were nonspecific and compatible with a noninflammatory myopathic process. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: MH is a potentially fatal disease of Quarter Horses that could be triggered by halogenated anesthetics and other nonanesthetic factors that may include exercise, stress, breeding, illnesses, and concurrent myopathies.     

Associations of the variation in the porcine myogenin gene with muscle fibre characteristics, lean meat production and meat quality traits

Pig breeding is aimed at improving lean meat production ability as well as meat quality, and muscle fibre characteristics may be important for enhancing these traits. Therefore, new molecular markers have been demanded for selecting lean meat production ability and meat quality in live animals. Myogenin belongs to the MyoD gene family, and is a candidate gene responsible for muscle fibre characteristics. We identified a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site in the 5' upstream region of the myogenin gene (nucleotides C and T). A total of 252 pigs of three breeds were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism using BspCNI . Additionally, they were genotyped for the previously detected Msp I site in the 3'-flanking region (alleles A and B). The CCBB diplotype had the highest frequency over breeds, followed by TCBB and CCAB. The other diplotypes were not found in studied pigs. Association analysis performed for the markers found that the TCBB diplotype has desirable effects on the total number of fibres (p   < 0.002), fibre cross-sectional area (p   < 0.06), and loin eye area (p   < 0.001) than the other diplotypes. Moreover, the diplotype had the highest muscle pH value (p   < 0.07) and all meat quality traits were near the upper limit of the normal range as a reddish pink, firm and non-exudative (RFN) pork. Therefore, we suggest that selection for the myogenin diplotypes could improve total muscle fibre number, size and lean meat production ability with good meat quality.     

肌肉宰后成熟对盐水鸭品质特性的影响

研究生产工艺中采用宰后成熟工序对盐水鸭品质的影响.采用/不采用成熟工序的2种生产工艺得到盐水鸭产品,分别测定质构、剪切力值、出品率,并进行产品的感官评定试验.结果发现宰后成熟使盐水鸭产品的硬度和弹性值变小,出品率提高:虽然成熟前后生鸭肉的剪切力值差异不显著,但盐水鸭肉剪切力值差异显著,肉质明显变嫩;采用成熟工序盼产品感官评定结果也明显优于对照组.结果表明,传统加工工艺中加入成熟工序不会增加成本,也不会带来食品安全问题,但却可以明显提高出品率、改善产品质构和风味,也有利于实现盐水鸭的工厂化生产.     

Moxidectin toxicosis in a puppy successfully treated with intravenous lipids

Objective – To describe successful treatment of canine moxidectin toxicosis with the novel therapy of IV lipid administration.
Case Summary – A 16-week-old female Jack Russell Terrier was presented with acute onset of seizures followed by paralysis and coma shortly following suspected exposure to an equine formulation of moxidectin. Moxidectin toxicity was later confirmed. Initial therapy consisted of diazepam, glycopyrrolate, and IV fluids. Mechanical ventilation and supportive nursing care were provided as needed. An emulsion of 20% soybean oil in water, commonly used as the fat component of parenteral nutrition, was administered intravenously as a bolus of 2 mL/kg followed by 4 mL/kg/h for 4 hours beginning 10 hours after exposure and was administered again at a rate of 0.5 mL/kg/min for 30 minutes beginning 25.5 hours post-exposure. Mild improvement was seen after the first dose, and dramatic improvement was noted within 30 minutes of the second dose. The puppy's neurologic status returned to normal within 6 hours of the second administration, with no relapses.
Unique Information Provided – IV lipid therapy is a novel treatment approach for moxidectin toxicity. Its use is supported by recent research and case studies involving IV lipid administration for bupivacaine and other fat-soluble toxins. Lipid administration appeared to reverse the signs of toxicity and may prove to be a highly effective therapy for moxidectin and other fat-soluble toxins.     

头孢噻呋在猪肌肉组织中残留HPLC检测方法的优化

头孢噻呋(Cettiofur)是第一个专门用于动物的头孢类抗生素,其抗菌活性强,药代动力学特征优良,毒副作用小,残留低。建立了盐酸头孢噻呋在猪肌肉组织中的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法。结果表明建立的标准曲线相关性良好,肌肉中的平均回收率均在80%以上,日内变异系数均小于5.34%,日间变异系数均小于9.89%,方法具有较好的精密度。     

饲养方式和饲喂水平对鸡肉肌苷酸含量及肉质的影响

研究了不同饲养方式和饲喂水平对“广西黄”黄羽肉鸡肉质的影响。结果表明，放养（饲喂水平为对照组的50%）肉鸡的骨纤维直径显著增大，密度减小，肌肉脂肪含量明显升高；肌肉肌苷酸、硫胺素含量亦显著升高。     

刀鲚基因家族鉴定及扩张与收缩

为了探究半咸水和淡水养殖模式对刀鲚营养积累的影响,采用生化实验的方法分析并比较了半咸水 (盐度10~15)和淡水 (盐度0.4~1.0)池塘生态养殖模式下刀鲚肌肉的营养成分。结果显示,半咸水组刀鲚肌肉的粗脂肪含量 (7.27 %)显著高于淡水组 (4.30 %);半咸水组的刀鲚肌肉的水分含量和灰分含量 (72.54 %和1.32 %)均显著低于淡水组 (76.85%和2.06%),二者的粗蛋白含量无显著差异。除了色氨酸和胱氨酸在两种模式间没有显著差异外,其余16种氨基酸在半咸水组中的含量均显著低于淡水组。半咸水组的刀鲚肌肉的TAA、EAA、HEAA、NEAA和DAA均低于淡水组,而EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA在两种模式之间无显著变化,半咸水组的鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量比率 (DAA/TAA) (40.32)显著低于淡水组 (40.68)。半咸水组的刀鲚必需氨基酸指数 (EAAI) (58.59)低于淡水组 (72.04),而F值 (2.44)高于淡水组 (2.35)。在检出的28种脂肪酸中,有11种脂肪酸的含量在两种模式之间有显著差异。在主要的脂肪酸中,半咸水组刀鲚的C16:0、C18:0、C18:1n9c、C22:5n3 (DPA)和C22:6n3 (DHA)的含量显著高于淡水组,而C18:2n6c和C18:3n3的含量显著低于淡水组。半咸水组的SFA、MUFA和EPA+DHA含量均显著高于淡水组,∑n3PUFA/∑n6PUFA (3.93)显著高于淡水组 (2.10)。研究表明,淡水养殖模式刀鲚肌肉蛋白质更有营养价值、味道更为鲜美,但半咸水养殖模式有利于刀鲚体内脂肪的积累以及MUFA (特别是C18:1n9c)的蓄积,半咸水环境的渗透压可能处于刀鲚体内的等渗点附近,这更有利于体内营养物质的积累和鱼体的生长。建议刀鲚养成阶段采用半咸水,销售前强化养殖阶段采用淡水。本实验为探究不同盐度养殖模式下刀鲚体内营养储存特征提供了科学依据。

     

鳗鲡肌肉中孔雀石绿代谢物隐性孔雀石绿染料残留标准物质的研制

为建立鳗鲡肌肉中孔雀石绿代谢物隐性孔雀石绿染料残留标准物质的研制和定值方法,以一定质量浓度孔雀石绿对鳗鲡进行药浴给药,使孔雀石绿在鱼体内自然代谢,从而使鳗鲡体内含有隐性孔雀石绿残留。经均质、真空包装及辐照处理后,获得一批500个独立包装的的鳗鲡肌肉样本。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对该样本进行均匀性和稳定性检验,经8家独立实验室协同定值及不确定度评估,其特性值为2.82μg/kg,扩展不确定度为0.39μg/kg(k=2)。所建立的制备方法为染料残留鳗鲡基体标准物质的实验室制备提供了一种参考。     

饲粮中添加富含二十二碳六烯酸海藻对奶山羊青年公羔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加富含二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)海藻对奶山羊青年公羔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及脂肪酸组成的影响。选取16只同质性较好的6月龄[平均体重为(21.90±0.98)kg]奶山羊青年公羔,随机分为2组(每组4个重复,每个重复2只羔羊),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和在基础饲粮基础上添加3%富含DHA海藻(干物质基础)的试验饲粮(试验组)。饲喂12周后,从每组随机选择4只公羔(共8只公羔)进行屠宰试验,测定屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及肌肉与脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对公羔的干物质采食量、平均日增重和饲料报酬无显著影响(P>0.05);2)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对公羔的屠宰性能和肌肉品质无显著影响(P<0.05);3)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻可显著降低血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),显著提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),但对血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量无显著影响(P>0.05);4)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻可显著提高肌肉和脂肪组织中DHA和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P<0.05),显著降低肌肉组织中n-6∶n-3 PUFA比值(P<0.05)。由此得出,在饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对奶山羊青年公羔的生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质均无显著影响,但有改善血脂指标以及肌肉与脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的潜力。     

Roles of gap junction in TGF-β1-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneous hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate whether gap junction participates in transforming growth factor β₁(TGF-β₁)-induced proliferation of spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: The thoracic aorta of the rats were sampled. The primary SHR VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into 4 groups: control group, TGF-β₁ group,18α-glycyrrhetinic acid(18α-GA) group and TGF-β₁+18α-GA group. The proliferation of SHR VSMCs was observed by the methods of MTT and flow cytometry. The protein expression and co-localization of connexin(Cx)43 and Cx40 in SHR VSMCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of Cx43 and Cx40 in the cells were also measured by Western blotting. The method of molecular dye transfer (scrape dye transfer method) was applied to detect the function of gap junction in SHR VSMCs. RESULTS: The protein expression of Cx43 and Cx40 in SHR VSMCs was positive and co-localized in the cytoplasm. Compared with control group, the percentage of S-phase detected by cell cycle and A value detected by MTT in TGF-β₁ group were obviously increased (P<0.05), indicating that the proliferation of the cells was enhanced. However, the proliferation of the cells decreased in 18α-GA group (P<0.05). Compared with TGF-β₁ group, the percentage of S-phase and A value in TGF-β₁+18α-GA group were both significantly decreased (P<0.05), indicating that the proliferation of the cells decreased. Compared with control group, the protein expression of Cx43 in TGF-β₁ group was increased (P<0.05), whereas the protein expression of Cx40 was not changed (P>0.05), and the protein expression of Cx43 and Cx40 in 18α-GA group were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with TGF-β₁ group, the expression of Cx43 in TGF-β₁+18α-GA group was significantly decreased (P<0.05),but no difference of the Cx40 protein levels between the two groups was observed. Compared with control group, the function of gap junction detected by scrape dye transfer method in TGF-β₁ group was enhanced (P<0.05), and weakened in 18α-GA group (P<0.05). Compared with the TGF-β₁ group, the function of gap junction in TGF-β₁+18α-GA group was significantly attenuated (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: TGF-β₁ enhances the function of gap junction to stimulate the proliferation of SHR VSMCs through the expression of Cx43 protein. The expression of Cx40 protein may not play a major role in this process.