Retrospective analysis of distal limb conformation and lameness in mature horses after desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon for management of a flexural deformity

Mature horses that present with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint and lameness isolated to the foot may obtain long‐term benefits from desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT). This retrospective analysis of medical records and radiographs included 13 horses, aged ≥2 years, presented for lameness isolated to the hoof region and diagnosed with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint. Radiographic angles of the hoof and distal interphalangeal joint and lameness scores were compared before and after desmotomy of the ALDDFT. Follow‐up data including the ability to perform the intended use were obtained at least one year after surgery. There was improvement in the angle between the dorsal aspect of the third phalanx and the weightbearing surface of the hoof, improved alignment between the dorsal hoof wall and dorsal aspect of the third phalanx, and improved alignment of the distal interphalangeal joint. Lameness was decreased in 9/13 horses and 10/13 horses were performing at their level of intended use. Evidence of improved hoof conformation and lameness following desmotomy of the ALDDFT in lame horses with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint would indicate this procedure should be considered in mature horses.     

沙咪珠利对小鼠精子畸形和骨髓细胞微核的影响

为评价沙咪珠利的安全性,对其进行了小鼠精子畸形和骨髓细胞微核试验研究。选择健康ICR小鼠随机分为受试物高、中、低剂量组,阳性对照组和阴性对照组,进行精子畸形试验和骨髓细胞微核试验,计算精子畸形率和微核率。结果显示,受试物各剂量组精子畸形率与骨髓细胞微核率与阴性对照组比较,差异不显著(P0.05),与阳性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。表明沙咪珠利对小鼠精子和骨髓细胞微核无影响,不具有遗传毒性。     

A review of angular limb deformities

This article provides some guidelines for the evaluation and management of angular limb deformities in young horses. It begins by looking at factors that influence conformation and that should be taken into consideration when making a decision as to the significance of a particular conformational trait. Perinatal and acquired deformities are then discussed separately with an emphasis on the latter. Options for their correction are described as well as the results of recent publications using these techniques. Finally the approach to management of deformities at each of the most commonly encountered locations is described.     

中药饮品对运动性疲劳大鼠骨骼肌影响的实验研究*

目的:观察中药饮品对大鼠生化、形态学和细胞凋亡指标的影响,以期为中药饮品的功效提供新的理论支持和科学数据。 方法:SD大鼠48只分为4组,正常对照组、运动疲劳模型组、实验一组、实验二组。除对照组以外、余三组均进行运动跑台训练 。实验组中药饮品灌胃。运动结束后,大鼠取骨骼肌检测。结论：两种中药饮品能够有效降低降低骨骼肌中的MDA含量,增加骨 骼肌的总抗氧化能力。增加大鼠海马的总抗氧化能力,减少MDA含量。阻止caspase- 3 的活化,最终达到对抗细胞凋亡的目的 。     

Malignant Hyperthermia Associated with Ryanodine Receptor 1 (C7360G) Mutation in Quarter Horses

Background: Anesthetic‐induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) has been documented in Quarter Horses with a single point mutation in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RyR1) at nucleotide C7360G, generating a R2454G amino acid substitution. However, there have been no reports of nonanesthetic manifestations of MH in horses with the C7360G mutation. Objective: To describe clinical manifestations of Quarter Horses with the C7360G mutation. Animals: Eleven Quarter Horses with the RyR1 C7360G mutation. Methods: This prospective study included horses with suspected MH, undetermined etiology of sudden death, death within hours of onset of rhabdomyolysis, muscle rigidity, stiffness, intermittent sweating, and persistent increases in serum muscle enzyme activities. Whole blood in EDTA and skeletal muscle were processed for genetic and histochemical analysis. Medical records and pedigrees were collected when available. Results: Both anesthetic‐ and non–anesthetic‐associated myopathic manifestations of MH occurred in halter Quarter Horses with mutation of RyR1. The disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Clinical and laboratory abnormalities were similar in both forms. Rhabdomyolysis was a common finding in both groups of horses. Skeletal muscle histochemical findings were nonspecific and compatible with a noninflammatory myopathic process. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: MH is a potentially fatal disease of Quarter Horses that could be triggered by halogenated anesthetics and other nonanesthetic factors that may include exercise, stress, breeding, illnesses, and concurrent myopathies.     

牛肌肉生长抑制素基因的研究进展

肌肉生长抑制素,属TGF-β超家族,是一种骨骼肌生长发育的负调控因子。其生物活性的丧失或受到抑制,会导致骨骼肌增生从而引起动物肌肉的过度发育,表现为双肌性状。本文综述了MSTN基因的发现、结构特点、作用机制、在牛科物种中的研究进展及其应用前景。     

不同营养元素对海带幼体发病及育苗效果的影响

进行了不同营养条件下海带配子体死亡率、幼孢子体畸形率及育苗效果的比较试验，发现含有氮、磷、铁、硼的完全营养液育苗效果较好，缺氮、缺磷、缺铁各组则受到没程度影响。营养条件是影响幼苗发病和出苗率的重要因素。海带育苗中应添加微量元素。     

Effect of lordosis on the swimming performance of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

The critical swimming speed (U_crit, cm s⁻¹) value of normal juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (64.7±6.33) was significantly higher than that of fish with lordosis (60.3±6.66) (P<0.05). Both normal fish and those with lordosis showed increased endurance with increasing length during exercise at a fixed water velocity of 50 cm s⁻¹. This speed was used to investigate the separation possibility of deformed specimen from the normal developed fish based on their swimming performance, and 28% separation was achieved without losing any normal fish by the end of the 10th minute. To achieve a better separation of the deformities from the normal, first grading of the juveniles and then a swimming endurance test is advised.     

Effect of the daily meal time on the growth of rainbow trout fed different ration levels

This study examined the effect of ration level and time of delivery of a single daily meal on the growth performance of rainbow trout held under constant water temperature and a natural photoperiod. Two similar trials were conducted, the first from March to July, 1992, using ration levels of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5% BW d^–1 and the second from August 1992 to January 1993, using ration levels of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% BW d^–1.In five of the six treatment groups (three ration levels × two seasons), when the daily meal was presented in the post-dawn period the growth rate was lower than in trout fed at either mid-light or pre-dusk. No time-of-feeding effect was found when trout were fed excess rations. Specific growth rate (SGR) was not affected by feeding time, but was correlated with ration level; furthermore, there was a significant increase in SGR during the first section of the first trial and a significant decrease in the SGR throughout the duration of the second trial.Ration level was significantly correlated with condition factor, carcass visceral adipose tissue content and skeletal muscle lipid content, but there was no effect of the timing of the daily meal on these variables.