Facilitated ankylosis of a juvenile,flexurally deformed,open, luxated and infected metacarpophalangeal joint using an alternative approach

A 4‐day‐old Arabian filly was referred for severe lameness due to a flexurally deformed, open, luxated and infected metacarpophalangeal joint. Arthrodesis was indicated as progressive cartilage destruction and osteomyelitis developed. An alternative arthrodesis technique was employed, which consisted of a loop of cerclage wire running through predrilled holes in a lateromedial direction and dorsal to the central axis of the third metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx, in combination with external coaptation using a half‐limb transfixation cast. Ankylosis was radiographically confirmed after 4 weeks. The foal was discharged from the hospital with a grade 1 out of 5 lameness and a 6–7° valgus deviation of the ankylosed metacarpophalangeal joint. At telephone follow‐up after 18 months, the owner reported persistence of the valgus deviation, soundness at walk, and a slight gait irregularity at trot. The described cerclage wire arthrodesis technique is a relatively simple method for attaining ankylosis that could be considered in similar cases.     

猎豹精子结构的形态特征及畸形种类

运用扫描电镜和透视电镜对猎豹精子结构进行了系统研究,包括观察猎豹精子生物学特性,比较观察正常精子和畸形精子的形态学结构,为建立猎豹精液品质检查方法提供依据。结果表明:猎豹精子由头、颈、尾3部分构成;精子全长(64.1±11.0)μm;头部长(4.9±0.9)μm;宽(2.5±0.7)μm;颈长(0.5±0.1)μm;尾长(58.7±9.0)μm;其形态与金钱豹和华南虎的精子有所不同。结果还表明猎豹精子畸形发生在头部、颈部、尾部。     

骨骼肌卫星细胞生物学特性及在肌肉损伤修复中的应用前景

卫星细胞是生肌干细胞的唯一来源.卫星细胞在骨骼肌受到损伤后的修复过程中起着超乎寻常的作用.综述了骨骼肌卫星细胞的生物学特性以及其在在肌肉损伤中的修复作用,并对其在临床应用中的前景进行了展望.     

Skeletal anomaly assessment in diploid and triploid juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and the effect of temperature in freshwater

Triploid Atlantic salmon tend to develop a higher prevalence of skeletal anomalies. This tendency may be exacerbated by an inadequate rearing temperature. Early juvenile all‐female diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon were screened for skeletal anomalies in consecutive experiments to include two size ranges: the first tested the effect of ploidy (0.2–8 g) and the second the effect of ploidy, temperature (14 °C and 18 °C) and their interaction (8–60 g). The first experiment showed that ploidy had no effect on skeletal anomaly prevalence. A high prevalence of opercular shortening was observed (average prevalence in both ploidies 85.8%) and short lower jaws were common (highest prevalence observed 11.3%). In the second experiment, ploidy, but not temperature, affected the prevalence of short lower jaw (diploids > triploids) and lower jaw deformity (triploids > diploids, highest prevalence observed 11.1% triploids and 2.7% diploids) with a trend indicating a possible developmental link between the two jaw anomalies in triploids. A radiological assessment (n = 240 individuals) showed that at both temperatures triploids had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of vertebrae and higher prevalence of deformed individuals. These findings (second experiment) suggest ploidy was more influential than temperature in this study.     

oar-miR-133的表达对巴什拜羊骨骼肌细胞增殖和分化的影响

以巴什拜羊为对象,初步研究oar-miR-133的表达与巴什拜羊骨骼肌发育的关系。结果表明,oar-miR-133在巴什拜羊胎儿期第100天的骨骼肌和心肌中高表达;在巴什拜羊骨骼肌发育的不同阶段,oar-miR-133的表达量有明显的变化,在胎儿期的第100天和初生当天前后,骨骼肌中oar-miR-133的表达量均出现上调;当巴什拜羊骨骼肌卫星细胞处于增殖状态时,oar-miR-133表达量较低,而当骨骼肌卫星细胞处于诱导分化状态时,oar-miR-133表达量迅速升高,显著高于增殖状态(P0.05);当骨骼肌卫星细胞中的oar-miR-133表达水平升高时,骨骼肌卫星细胞几乎停止增殖,细胞有相互融合转化为肌管的趋势,同时细胞内可检测到细胞分化的标志基因MyHC基因的表达;生物信息学分析共预测到96个oar-miR-133的靶基因,GO分析及KEGG信号通路分析结果表明,这些基因在细胞内通过参与一些重要的信号通路而发挥其生物学功能。     

Alleviating effect of exenatide on ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice is independent on reducing body weight

AIM To investigate the alleviating effect of exenatide （Exe）, a glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） receptor agonist, on the ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and its mechanism. METHODS Eight-week-old male ob/ob mice and their wild-type （WT） littermates were randomly divided into 3 groups, ob/ob group, ob/ob+Exe group and WT group, and treated with Exe at 24 nmol/kg or the same volume of saline intraperitoneally once daily for 4 weeks. The body weight, fasting blood glucose （FBG） and fat content were measured after the 4-week treatment. The oil red O staining and the quantification of triglyceride （TG） were performed on the skeletal muscle. The serum levels of TG, total cholesterol and free fatty acid （FFA） were also measured by ELISA. The expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） and lipid metabolism-related proteins were determined by Western blot. Mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were used as an in vitro model to further investigate the effects of Exe. RESULTS As compared with the ob/ob mice treated with saline, 4-week Exe treatment did not reduce body weight, FBG, food intake and fat content in ob/ob mice （P>0.05）. However, serum FFA was decreased （P<0.05）. Oil red O staining and the quantification of TG showed that 4-week Exe treatment significantly attenuated the ectopic lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice （P<0.05）. The results of Western blot showed that the levels of phosphorylated AMPK （p-AMPK） and lipolysis-related proteins were up-regulated, while the lipid synthesis-related proteins were down-regulated by Exe （P<0.05）. Treatment with Exe alleviated the lipid accumulation in the C2C12 cells induced by sodium palmate （P<0.05）, and the effects of Exe on the levels of p-AMPK and lipid metabolism-related proteins in the C2C12 cells were consistent with those in the ob/ob mice （P<0.05）. Treatment with Exe also up-regulated the protein expression of glucose transporter 4 and improved the ability of glucose uptake in the C2C12 cells （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION Short-term Exe treatment attenuates the ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice by up-regulating lipolysis-related proteins and down-regulating lipid synthesis-related proteins, which is independent on body weight loss.     

东海发现的贝氏喙鲸

本文首次报道了５０年代末,从舟山沿海捕获的１条贝氏喙鲸,并对其骨骼特征作了简要记述。     

Quantitative genetic properties of four measures of deformity in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833

The main aim of this study was to estimate the heritability for four measures of deformity and their genetic associations with growth (body weight and length), carcass (fillet weight and yield) and flesh‐quality (fillet fat content) traits in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. The observed major deformities included lower jaw, nasal erosion, deformed operculum and skinny fish on 480 individuals from 22 families at Clean Seas Tuna Ltd. They were typically recorded as binary traits (presence or absence) and were analysed separately by both threshold generalized models and standard animal mixed models. Consistency of the models was evaluated by calculating simple Pearson correlation of breeding values of full‐sib families for jaw deformity. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits were estimated using a multitrait linear mixed model in ASReml. Both threshold and linear mixed model analysis showed that there is additive genetic variation in the four measures of deformity, with the estimates of heritability obtained from the former (threshold) models on liability scale ranging from 0.14 to 0.66 (SE 0.32–0.56) and from the latter (linear animal and sire) models on original (observed) scale, 0.01–0.23 (SE 0.03–0.16). When the estimates on the underlying liability were transformed to the observed scale (0, 1), they were generally consistent between threshold and linear mixed models. Phenotypic correlations among deformity traits were weak (close to zero). The genetic correlations among deformity traits were not significantly different from zero. Body weight and fillet carcass showed significant positive genetic correlations with jaw deformity (0.75 and 0.95, respectively). Genetic correlation between body weight and operculum was negative (?0.51, P < 0.05). The genetic correlations' estimates of body and carcass traits with other deformity were not significant due to their relatively high standard errors. Our results showed that there are prospects for genetic selection to improve deformity in yellowtail kingfish and that measures of deformity should be included in the recording scheme, breeding objectives and selection index in practical selective breeding programmes due to the antagonistic genetic correlations of deformed jaws with body and carcass performance.     

大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞培养的研究

[目的]探讨在体外条件下骨骼肌卫星细胞纯化、培养、鉴定的方法及确定其生物学特性。[方法]取新生大鼠的小腿肌肉,采用肌组织块和肌细胞培养两种方法。分别用胰蛋白酶对培养中的肌组织块和肌细胞进行消化,采用离心及差速贴壁法纯化,得到更高纯度的大鼠骨骼肌肌卫星细胞,进行体外原代骨骼肌和传代骨骼肌的细胞培养。传至第2代后,用分化培养基诱导分化,观察骨骼肌细胞各个阶段的形态特征并拍照。[结果]此方法分离的细胞成活率较高,体外生长、增殖良好。在分化培养基条件下,细胞分化良好,可融合成肌管。[结论]该实验成功探讨了新生大鼠骨骼肌卫星细胞的分化能力并建立了卫星细胞纯化方法,适用于开展细胞移植和肌组织工程方面的研究。     

猪肌肉组织双向电泳分离条件的建立及常见问题分析

为建立和优化猪肌肉组织蛋白质双向电泳技术,从提取方法、加样量、IPG胶条的选择、SDS-PAGE胶浓度、染色方法等多个方面对双向电泳分离效果进行比较研究.结果显示,液氮研磨+超声破碎法提取猪肌肉组织蛋白效果优于液氮研磨法,前者细胞破碎彻底蛋白质溶解性好且核酸污染少,图谱质量较好;18cm pH 4～7的IPG胶条分离效果比pH 3～10非线性IPG胶条好;对于银染,18 cm pH 4～7的IPG胶条150μg上样量比较适宜;同一肌肉样品的三块胶的重复性可达70％以上;同时,对双向电泳过程中的典型问题作了详尽分析.研究结果表明,通过优化的双向电泳条件获得了较高分辨率和较好重复性的猪肌肉组织双向电泳图谱,可用于后续蛋白质组学分析.