名牌战略——浅谈君山银针营销策略

在市场经济条件下,实行君山银针的品牌战略,应确立“茶盖中华,价压天下”这一“卖点”。积极参与市场竞争,加强保护意识,从而赢得市场。     

Adaptability of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and aspen (Populus tremula L.) genotypes to different soil moisture conditions

For northern Europe’s climate, models predict an increase in periods of drought and waterlogging. Knowledge of variation between genotypes of Betula pendula (birch) and Populus tremula (aspen) to drought and excess soil moisture are unavailable but relevant for future development of forest ecosystems. We studied variation between genotypes to soil moisture in birch and aspen with plant material representing naturally regenerated populations and showed differences in acclimation to soil moisture conditions. Genotypes showing most growth and biomass accumulation across treatments maintained most leaf area, high gas exchange and water-use efficiency and grew most root mass but had the lowest root length per unit root dry mass compared to other genotypes. This indicates that these genotypes are more efficient in harvesting water from the soil under adverse conditions. We also showed that birch and aspen employ different strategies to cope with soil moisture conditions, with aspen investing more in perennial parts, while birch efficiently maintains foliar processes. When the expression of some known drought responsive genes was measured, only ACC oxidase was induced by the drought treatment at the beginning of the experiment, while surprisingly LEA5, RD22 and ADH1 did not respond to drought, but were up-regulated in prolonged wet conditions indicating oxidative stress and hypoxia and that these genes are responding to multiple stress factors. We conclude that in plants micro-propagated from naturally regenerated birch and aspen populations, there is variation between genotypes in acclimation efficiency to soil moisture conditions.     

Genetic diversity of Musa diploid and triploid accessions from the Brazilian banana breeding program estimated by microsatellite markers

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide. Production is based mainly on triploid cultivars, and most genetic improvement programs aim to generate tetraploid hybrids obtained from the crossing of established triploid cultivars with a diploid parent genotype, improved or wild, exhibiting the trait of interest, normally resistance to biotic factors. Microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic variability and relationships between 58 Musa genotypes, including 49 diploids and nine triploid cultivars maintained at the Musa germplasm collection of the Brazilian dessert banana breeding program. Thirty-three primer pairs developed for banana were tested, and nine amplified reproducible and discrete fragments, producing a total of 115 alleles. The average number of alleles amplified per primer was 12.8, ranging from 10 to 15. The diploid genotypes presented the largest genetic variability, demonstrated by the large number of alleles detected, and the low similarity between the clones. The phenetic analysis clustered the triploid cultivars in a separated group, with the exception of the Nanica and Gros Michel cultivars, which showed high similarity with the diploid cultivar Mambee Thu. It was not possible to separate the wild diploid genotypes from the cultivated ones, indicating a common origin of these genotypes. A high proportion of duplicated alleles and/or loci was observed for diploid and triploid genotypes. The information gathered about the similarity between diploid and triploid accessions will help to define potential crosses to maximize the recovery of the typical fruit qualities required in Brazil (AAB, Pome and Silk dessert banana).     

草鱼、鲤、鲢、鳙和尼罗非鲫脂肪酶活性的比较研究

草鱼和鲤肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显比肠道的高(P<0.025);鲢和鳙肝胰脏脂肪酶活性明显低于肠道的(P<0.025);尼罗非鲫肝胰脏和肠的脂肪酶活性几乎相等(P>0.05),而胃脂肪酶活性明显比肝胰脏和肠道的低(P<0.005)。五种鱼的肝胰脏脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:草鱼>尼罗非鲫>鲤>鳙>鲢;肠脂肪酶活性由高到低的顺序为:鲢>鳙>尼罗非鲫>草鱼>鲤。结果表明:鱼类的食性与脂肪酶活性无明显相关。草鱼、鲢和鳙的肠脂肪酶活性,中肠略高于前肠和后肠;尼罗非鲫和鲤的肠脂肪酶活性由前往后逐渐下降。     

南瓜银叶突变体48a的表型特征及其遗传学分析

南瓜银叶突变体48a是在嫩食型中国南瓜中分离筛选到的稳定遗传自交系,银色叶不仅可以作为标记性状应用到育种中,还可为南瓜抗虫、抗病、耐寒等一系列研究提供重要的材料基础。笔者对银叶突变体的表型特征及叶片的解剖结构进行鉴定分析,发现植株整体长势、熟性与野生型无明显差异;成熟叶片正面全部呈银灰色,叶绿素含量明显降低,叶片上表皮细胞与栅栏细胞间明显剥离,存在明显的空隙。利用突变体48a和野生型49a南瓜自交系构建的六世代遗传群体,调查发现F2的绿叶与银叶符合3∶1的分离比,回交群体BC1P1分离比符合1∶1,表明南瓜银色叶性状由单隐性基因控制。     

半胱胺对生长后期银狐饲料消化能力的影响

通过饲养试验,研究了半胱胺对生长后期银狐体质量、采食量和饲料转化率的影响。选择健康生长期银狐224只组成试验群,其中200只为试验组,24只为对照组,采用二因子试验设计：一个因子为半胱胺的不同添加剂量,分别按每千克体质量添加10、40、70、100、130mg半胱胺;另一因子为半胱胺的不同添加间隔时间,分别为1、3、5、7、9d5个时间间隔。试验结果表明：每间隔5d,按每公斤体质量添加70mg半胱胺一次的饲养效果最好,比对照组银狐体质量提高25．35％、饲料转化率提高24．31％、采食量降低0．780％。     

四川省青川县银溪窝滑坡复活机制研究及稳定性评价

银溪窝滑坡位于四川省青川县白家乡佛山村一社,属于滑移-弯曲溃决型变形破坏形成的老滑坡体。近期,滑坡堆积体表现出一定的蠕滑变形迹象,表层局部滑塌现象较发育。“5·12”汶川地震,造成滑坡体的变形进一步加剧,中后部形成多条具一定规模的继承性圈弧状裂缝（带）,坡体稳定性进一步降低,对坡体上居民的生命财产安全构成严重威胁。根据滑坡结构及变形破裂特征,结合其所处的地质环境条件,对滑坡的复活机制进行了研究,判定滑坡体在不利工况下处于欠稳定状态,提出了“后缘截水+裂缝填封+前缘抗滑桩”的综合治理方案对其进行治理。     

仁用杏微卫星非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳体系的优化

[目的]优化仁用杏微卫星非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳体系。[方法]以25份仁用杏和3份食用杏为材料,利用微卫星标记结合非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术筛选出多态性高、可重复的SSR位点。并比较不同因子对电泳体系的影响,探索仁用杏微卫星非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的优化体系。[结果]仁用杏微卫星非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的优化体系为：聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的浓度为6%,丙烯酰胺与甲叉双丙烯酰胺的比例为29∶1,1000V下电泳2～3h,0.1%AgNO3染色15min后显影。[结论]该优化体系为仁用杏资源微卫星标记遗传分析奠定了技术基础。     

酶法水解鲢鱼蛋白及活性碳脱腥苦的工艺研究

以鲢鱼为原料,水解度和感官评价为指标,通过单因素和正交试验筛选酶法水解鲢鱼蛋白质的最佳工艺条件,并以活性炭为脱腥苦试剂,确定活性炭对鲢鱼蛋白水解液脱腥苦的最适条件。结果表明:采用微波解冻比自然解冻的水解度要高;双酶(复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶)水解的最佳工艺条件为:复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶按1∶3(W/W)混合同时水解,酶用量0.4%(W/W)、料液比1∶4(W/V)、55℃、pH6.0、水解4 h,水解度达12.55%;活性炭脱腥苦的最佳工艺条件为:添加量1.5%(W/W)、pH4.5、作用0.5 h,水解度为9.30%。在此酶解和脱腥苦条件下,制得的水解液清亮透明,气味较好,基本没有腥味和苦味。     

硫代硫酸银对二倍体马铃薯试管苗生长和生理特性的影响

植物组织培养中由于气体交换的限制, 培养器皿中常伴有乙烯积累, 影响植株形态建成和器官生长发育。以马铃薯二倍体品系HS66、ED13和DH401为试材, 研究不同浓度(0、1、2、4、8 mg L^-1)硫代硫酸银(STS)对试管苗生长和相关生理指标的影响。结果发现, 与培养基中不加STS相比, 附加1 mg L^-1 STS可增加试管苗叶面积和叶绿素含量, 抑制气生根的产生; 附加4 mg L^-1以上STS试管苗出现紫色色素沉积、叶片背面生成愈伤组织等畸形现象。试管苗可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量随STS浓度的增加呈先降后升的趋势, 在培养基中附加1 mg L^-1 STS时, 3个品系试管苗的可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量均下降; 附加2 mg L^-1 STS时, DH401可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量及HS66丙二醛含量反弹升高; 附加4 mg L^-1以上STS时, 3个品系试管苗的可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量均随STS浓度的增加而增加。上述结果说明, 低浓度STS可以缓解乙烯胁迫, 促进试管苗正常生长, 高浓度STS则造成试管苗生理及形态上的明显毒害。