硇洲岛周围水域虾拖网虾渔获组成

根据2005年渔业资源监测船生产调查资料和现场取样数据,运用数理统计方法分析了虾拖网虾渔获组成、生物学特征以及月份变化等。结果表明:硇洲岛周围水域虾拖网捕获的虾类主要是沿岸性底栖虾类,渔获中优质虾种少,幼虾比例高,墨吉明对虾、日本囊对虾、哈氏仿对虾是虾拖网渔业的主捕虾种,虾渔获组成存在明显的月份变化。为合理利用虾类资源和促进虾渔业可持续发展,应根据虾类特性开发适宜广东沿海虾拖网的选择性捕捞技术,减少幼虾兼捕量。     

Effects of binder type and binder addition on the growth of juvenile Palaemonetes varians and Palaemon elegans (Crustacea: Palaemonidae)

This investigation compared the effects of using two binders of no nutritional value, lignosol and agar, and the binding method, microbinding and microcoating, on the growth of juvenile Atlantic ditch shrimp, Palaemonetes varians, and rockpool prawn, Palaemon elegans. Shrimp were fed one basal diet which varied solely in binder type and method of inclusion (Diet A, with lignosol added by microbinding, Diet B, with agar added by microbinding, and Diet C with lignosol added by microcoating) for a period of 45 days. At the end of the experiment significant differences in the final wet weight were found between shrimps fed Diet A and Diet C and between shrimps fed Diet B and Diet C (P < 0.001), but no significant differences were found between Diet A and Diet B (P > 0.05). These results were verified for both species. Significant differences were found between the linear regression slopes of the three tested diets for P. varians (F _3,411 = 3.41; P < 0.04), and for P. elegans (F _3,431 = 10.51; P < 0.0003). Palaemon elegans grew faster than P. varians and at the end of the experiment significant differences were found between the final wet weight of the two species (F _3,842 = 48.17, P < 0.0001). The growth parameters analysed, weight gain (WG), thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC), and food conversion rate (FCR) were always higher for P. elegans. Results indicate that use of either lignosol or agar, added to the diet by microbinding, is advisable.     

对虾病毒病的研究现状

主要依据９０年代关于对虾病毒病的资料,就对虾病毒的病原、诊断技术、预防进行综合述评,总结概括了对虾病毒病的研究现状。     

虾片饲料双滚筒干燥生产工艺及初步配方筛选的研究

该研究首次尝试利用双滚筒干燥技术来生产虾片饲料，考察了不同工艺参数及配方对虾片饲料性能的影响。研究中以成膜率和悬浮性为评价指标，采用正交试验设计考察蒸汽压力、滚筒转速和浆液浓度三个工艺参数对产品的成膜率和悬浮率的影响，优选出最佳工艺参数。同时，对比研究了虾片饲料生产过程中901、面粉、褐藻胶、蛋清粉4种成膜剂的成膜性能，并最终确定其最适的添加量。结果表明最佳工艺参数为蒸汽压力0.4MPa、浆液浓度30%、滚筒转速1000r／min； 901是最佳成膜材料，其最适添加量为7%。     

虾壳、虾头中甲壳素和壳聚糖的制备与应用

虾头、虾壳是虾加工工业中的下脚料,其含有丰富的蛋白质、甲壳素和壳聚糖、虾青素、不饱和脂肪酸以及必需氨基酸,开发前景广阔。其中,虾壳和虾头中甲壳素和壳聚糖的制备方法主要有酸碱法以及近几年新兴的微生物发酵法。甲壳素和壳聚糖具有优良的生物活性、安全性和降解性,在农业、医药、环境治理、食品等行业有着巨大的应用前景。     

对虾WSSV病毒VP281基因的siRNA筛选研究

构建一个对虾WSSV VP281基因的siRNA筛选体系,获取有效siRNA,为进一步开展siRNA抗WSSV研究建立基础.根据已报道的VP281基因编码序列,设计并合成一对引物,扩增出带双酶切位点的VP2 81.对VP281和质粒pEGFP-C1分别酶切后进行连接,获取表达载体pEGFP-VP281.利用专业软件设计3对靶向VP281的siRNA(VP281 -siRNA1、VP281-siRNA2、VP281 -siRNA3),并合成siRNA,将3种siRNA分别与pEGFP-VP281共转染PK细胞.采用Western blot方法检测GFP-VP281融合蛋白的表达,半定量RT-PCR方法检验siRNA抑制VP2 81基因转录的效果.结果显示,pEGFP -VP281可在BHK细胞正常表达融合蛋白GFP-VP281.3对siRNA对GFP-VP281的mRNA转录均有不同程度的干扰效果,siRNA2的干扰效果最为显著.构建针对WSSV-VP281基因的siRNA筛选体系,初步验证了该系统的有效性,为开展siRNA抗WSSV研究建立了基础.     

虾肽肥料对酸性土壤的改良效果

[目的]针对热带地区土壤酸化和养分含量低的问题,探索一种适宜的土壤改良方法。[方法]研究了施用虾肽肥料对热带地区土壤p H与养分含量的影响。[结果]与单施虾肽土壤调理剂相比,虾肽土壤调理剂与虾肽根宝配合施用可提高土壤p H与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分含量。[结论]虾肽土壤调理剂可以在热带地区用于土壤改良。     

Lethal Effects of Elevated pH and Ammonia on Early Life Stages of Hybrid Striped Bass

Hybrid striped bass larvae (striped bass, Morone saxatilis, ♀ x white bass, M. chrysops, ♂) are often stocked into fertile culture ponds. High rates of photosynthesis may result in elevated pH which can be lethal to fry and can affect the toxicity of ammonia. Six-hour static toxicity tests were performed on hybrid larvae of various ages to determine the toxicity of elevated pH and the effects of elevated pH on ammonia toxicity. Six-hour mortality threshold pH's with no measurable ammonia were estimated for various age larvae and found to be between pH's 9.8 and 10.2 for D2 (Dl is day of hatch), between 9.0 and 9.4 for D4, between 8.8 and 9.2 for D13, and between 9.2 and 9.4 for D20 fish. The addition of 0.7% NaCl had no effect on the toxicity of elevated pH to D2 or D4 fish but caused a significant reduction in the mortality of Dl3 and D20 fish exposed to high pH. The tolerance to elevated pH decreased as ammonia concentration increased. Sub-lethal un-ionized ammonia concentrations increased the toxicity of elevated pH, suggesting an interaction of pH and un-ionized ammonia toxicity.     

我国市售虾酱产品品质分析与评价

为了解我国市售虾酱产品的品质现状，探究不同品种虾酱之间的品质差异，采集了32种市售虾酱，进行了感官评价和水分、盐分、蛋白质、氨基酸态氮等理化指标的检测，对品质相关数据进行了统计分析和主成分分析，并进一步采用电子鼻和气相–离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对气味进行了分析。结果表明，市售虾酱色泽和质地差异相对较小，而气味差异较大。理化指标中，市售虾酱的氨基酸态氮含量变异系数为33.91%，离散程度最大。在主成分分析中，提取到3个主成分，累计方差贡献率达82.32%，表明能够涵盖虾酱品质的基本信息，水分、氨基酸态氮、气味是影响虾酱综合品质的关键指标。电子鼻聚类热图表明，在欧式距离4.03处可将32种虾酱聚为4类，原料是影响聚类的主要因素。对海银虾、蜢子虾和白虾3种原料的虾酱进行GC-IMS分析，共鉴定出63种挥发性成分，主要是醇类。研究结果可为虾酱产品品质评价与生产工艺改进提供参考。     

Grow-out of sandfish Holothuria scabra in ponds shows that co-culture with shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris is not viable

We examined the potential for producing the large numbers of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) needed for restocking programmes by co-culturing juveniles with the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in earthen ponds. Our experiments in hapas within shrimp ponds were designed to detect any deleterious effects of sandfish on shrimp, and vice versa. These experiments showed that a high stocking density of juvenile sandfish had no significant effects on growth and survival of shrimp. However, survival and growth of sandfish reared with shrimp for 3 weeks were significantly lower than for sandfish reared alone. Increased stocking density of shrimp also had a significant negative effect on survival and/or growth of sandfish. A grow-out trial of juvenile sandfish in 0.2-ha earthen ponds stocked with 20 shrimp post-larvae m^− 2, and densities of sandfish between 0.8 and 1.6 individuals m^− 2, confirmed that co-culture is not viable. All sandfish reared in co-culture were dead or moribund after a month. However, sandfish stocked alone into 0.2-ha earthen ponds survived well and grew to mean weights of ∼ 400 g within 12 months without addition of food. The grow-out trial demonstrated that there is potential for profitable pond farming of sandfish in monoculture. Further research is now needed to identify the optimal size of juveniles, stocking densities and pond management regimes.