兴仁小白壳薏苡不同播期对产量的影响

为探索适宜兴仁县薏苡种植的最佳播种时期，在兴仁县开展了薏苡不同播期对产量影响的试验。试验共设9个播期，梯度为7 d，播种时间从3月19日－5月14日。试验结果表明，兴仁小白壳薏苡的最佳播期是3月19日－4月16日，并且在此期间播种，薏苡产量较高。     

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.     

西施舌形态性状与体质量性状的相关性分析

为研究西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)野生群体壳体性状对体质量性状的影响,文章以广西北海铁山港海区采集的178只西施舌为研究对象,测量壳高(SH)、壳长(SL)、壳宽(SW)、前缘长(AL)、后缘长(GL)、壳质量(SM)、软体部质量(VM)、活体质量(BM),以壳体性状(SH、SL、SW、AL、G...     

基于果壳孔隙率测定的荔枝干燥仿真

针对荔枝干燥性能受果壳孔隙结构制约问题,通过电镜观察了果壳不同表面的孔隙形态,应用Image Pro软件,计算了其平均孔隙率。通过构建荔枝多层结构水分高温蒸发与热质传输耦合模型,采用Fluent软件,仿真了荔枝70℃干燥过程温度、压力、速度的变化,并比较了该过程的水相体积分数仿真结果与试验值差异。结果表明：荔枝果壳各表面孔隙结构存在自相似性,其平均孔隙率为0.516±0.032;荔枝干燥失水,果体温度由果壳向内传导,渐近平衡;果壳内表面形成逐渐增大的负压差;果肉表面水蒸气速度低,压差小,随时间增加,水蒸气速度及压差波动均增大;仿真结果与试验值能较好对应。     

不同颜色砾石覆盖对土壤蒸发的影响

[目的]研究宁夏中部干旱区最适宜的硒砂瓜覆砂颜色。[方法]采用蒸发器整体称重法,以宁夏中卫南山台地区天然砾石为试材,研究不同颜色砾石覆盖对土壤蒸发的影响。[结果]不同颜色砾石覆盖处理的土壤日蒸发量由大到小依次为CK、C3(紫色)、C1(白色)、C2(青色)。同时,随着试验天数的增加,C1(白色)和C2(青色)处理的累积蒸发量的差别逐渐减小。不同颜色砾石覆盖下,累积蒸发量随蒸发时间呈幂函数增加的变化趋势,拟合曲线的相关系数均大于0.940 0。[结论]砾石覆盖可以有效减少蒸发,且浅色砾石对土壤水分蒸发的抑制效果比深色砾石更明显,其中紫色砾石覆盖的累积蒸发量最大,其次是白色砾石,青色砾石最小,而青色和白色砾石覆盖的土壤日蒸发量差别较小,累积蒸发量随蒸发时间呈幂函数增加。     

不同灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

为给彩色小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据,以紫色小麦KZ6061(紫麦)和绿色小麦绿麦1号(绿麦)为材料,通过田间试验研究灌水对彩色小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明,灌水处理对彩色小麦(紫麦和绿麦)的籽粒产量、千粒重、容重和籽粒蛋白质产量有显著影响,以B3灌水处理(春5叶、开花期和灌浆期灌水)最高,但与B2灌水处理(春5叶和开花期灌水)差异不显著.灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量影响不显著,对总蛋白和谷蛋白影响较大.其中,以B1灌水处理[春2叶露尖(二棱初期)、春5叶露尖(雌雄蕊分化期)和开花期灌水]的总蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高.紫麦的干湿面筋含量和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著,绿麦的沉淀值和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著.从籽粒产量和蛋白质产量以及水分有效利用考虑,以B2处理最佳.     

马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因的鉴定及对矿化相关基因表达的影响

胰岛素样生长因子2结合蛋白( IGF2BPs)是一种重要的RNA代谢调控因子,涉及多个不同的生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因,命名为PfIGF2BP1-1,该基因cDNA全长为7348 bp,ORF长 1818 bp,编码605个氨基酸。多序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PfIGF2BP1-1有2个RRM结构域和4个KH结构域,与其他物种来源的IGF2BPs同源。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PfIGF2BP1-1 在马氏珠母贝的8个组织中均有表达,在肌肉组织表达最高,其次为足和外套膜组织。利用pET-32a 原核表达载体构建了含有PfIGF2BP1-1成熟多肽区的重组质粒并成功表达蛋白。在IPTG浓度为0.5 mmol/L,37 ℃培养8 h的条件下诱导表达PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白最佳。PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白刺激马氏珠母贝外套膜原代细胞,引起壳基质蛋白基因Accbp、MSI7、Nacrein的表达水平显著上升(p < 0.05),表明PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白可诱导壳矿化相关基因的表达参与马氏珠母贝的生物矿化过程。     

Effects of mechanical stress in under-sized clams, Tapes philippinarum: a laboratory approach

The present study is a first attempt at evaluating the effects of repeated disturbance, such as that caused by mechanical fishing systems, on the target species, Tapes philippinarum, intensively exploited in the Lagoon of Venice (North-East Italy). In particular, in free-access fishing grounds, detrimental effects of dredging may be suffered by under-sized clams, which are disturbed by fishing tools many times throughout their lives before they are collected. Similar mechanical stress conditions are experienced by T. philippinarum in licensed areas, where they are farmed in aquaculture conditions and undergo the harmful impact of hydraulic dredging. To evaluate the effects of short-term mechanical stress, under-sized clams were subjected to experimental shaking in the laboratory, and detrimental effects on their well-being were investigated by applying the biomarker approach. Changes in physiological, biochemical and behavioural responses were evaluated by determining scope for growth, adenylate energy charge, survival in air time, reburrowing time, and shell damage level. Responses highlighted general worsening in clam condition as mechanical stress increased. Among the various measurements, survival in air and reburrowing time appeared particularly suitable as indices, their responsiveness and applicability suggesting their use in assessing mechanical stress due to dredging in field conditions.     

仙客来花色遗传规律研究

为摸清仙客来花色遗传规律,以仙客来F1代杂交种及其自交后代为材料,进行自交及杂交试验,调查不同亲本自交及杂交后代花色分离情况。结果表明:仙客来花色遗传既遵循数量遗传规律,受微效多基因控制,又具有质量遗传的特点。控制花色的基因分为喉基因和冠基因两类,在染色体上占据不同的位点;有色基因为显性基因,白色基因为隐性基因,植株花色由其基因组成所决定,基因之间存在重组与互换,从而形成新的花色类型。     

青脚白羽鸡测交羽色效应研究

青脚白羽鸡是近年来选育出的新品种,为了利用好该鸡种优良的种质特性,试验中用其他优良鸡种与其测交,以期使更多的优良性状组合在一起,甚至超过双亲,将杂交优势在生产中加以利用。目前的试验结果表明,以青脚白羽鸡作母本、川东大黑鸡作父本的测交组合经济性状效果最好,其测交的羽色遗传效应较复杂,认真研究该遗传效应,对于丰富遗传育种理论和指导育种实践有着重要的意义。