北方柿优良品种及优质栽培关键技术

北方是我国柿主要产区,包括河北、河南、陕西、山西、山东等省,栽培面积和产量占全国生产总量的80%～90%。北方柿资源丰富,品种众多,其中尤以磨盘柿、牛心柿、八月黄、水柿等为代表品种。从优良品种、合理修剪、保花保果等方面阐述了优质栽培关键技术。     

湖南省重要湿地生态环境质量评价

基于生态系统可持续发展理论,构建了由社会、经济、自然环境和自然灾害4个子系统和28个2级指标组成的湿地生态环境质量评价指标体系;以信息熵理论为基础建立了客观确定权重的综合信息熵模型,层次分析法和综合信息熵模型法相结合确定指标权重;采用灰色关联模型对湖南省重要湿地2002~2006年生态环境质量进行评价。结果表明:湖南省重要湿地生态环境质量整体上属中等水平;洞庭湖、官庄、青山垅湿地综合评价值较低,生态环境质量较差;涔天河、酒埠江、黄石、凤滩、铁山生态环境质量为中等;东江湖、双牌和柘溪湿地生态环境质量始终处在良好水平。     

公路路面工程管理与质量管理的经验与体会

介绍了公路路面工程管理与质量管理的经验和体会,阐明了要做好质量管理,必须从组织、人员、制度三方面抓起,并建立健全全面质量保证体系。     

不同基质配方对金叶榆容器苗质量的影响

Through Ulmus pumila cv. 'Jinye’ container-growing seedling cultivation experiment with 4 types of media or 9 media formulas, the seedling height, the stem and crown diameter indexes of U. pumila cv. jinye were measured. These indexes were significantly or extreme significantly different among various media. The growth of seedling root system varied with different media. The rooting and root number in soft media were much better than that in dense media. According to the growth traits of above-ground and underground parts of U. pumila cv. jinye seedlings, the medium suitable for U. pumila cv. jinye seedling growth was defined as media type I, whose ratio of C/N was 17.7—18.1, the density was higher than 0.26 g·cm^-3. Grown on this medium, the height, stem diameter and crown diameter of U. pumila cv. jiny were 1.34—1.57 m, 1.36—1.50 cm and 59.6—73.9 cm, respectively. The results of experiment showed also that the physical property played an active role in cultural media, so a good initial medium could provide great assistance of fertilization and water management in seedling culture.     

Exotic Pinus carbaea causes soil quality to deteriorate on former abandoned land compared to an indigenous Podocarpus plantation in the tropical forest area of southern China

Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2 m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared to abandoned land (DI = –262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI = –194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI = –358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural regeneration, can improve soil quality.     

提高落叶松移植苗木质量关键技术的研究

论述了提高落叶松移植苗木质量的关键性技术;阐明移植用苗秋后留床,春季随用随起成活率高的原因;并提出解决春起苗移植可能遇到的问题和方法。     

A review of management impacts on the soil productivity of South African commercial forestry plantations and the implications for multiple-rotation productivity

An overview of southern African research that has investigated the impact of management practices that can potentially affect the long-term site productivity of plantations is presented, with an emphasis of these impacts on soil productivity and with the implications for multiple-rotation site productivity. Activities that are most likely to cause long-term changes in soil productivity are identified as those causing high site disturbance during the inter-rotation period, notably ground-based mechanised operations and harvest residue management (including complete biomass removal) and, under some conditions, fertilisation. The impacts of these practices on soil and stand productivity are discussed from a southern African perspective. Knowledge gaps are identified and it is suggested that the immediate research priority is to identify meaningful indicators that are sensitive to change and that can be linked to stand production. Other key research focus areas are proposed and the need for a permanent long-term monitoring network is highlighted.     

氮沉降对凋落物分解的影响研究进展

过去几十年的人类活动增加了陆地生态系统的氮输入量,对凋落物分解的影响有促进、抑制和没有影响3种情况。凋落物的基质质量影响凋落物的分解,其中木质素、纤维素、酚类物质、N浓度、P浓度、C/N比、C/P比、木质素/N比具有重要作用。人类活动引起的全球变化,如CO₂增加、温度上升和降水变化,影响了氮沉降的速率和凋落物分解。未来氮沉降对凋落物分解的研究热点包括加强氮沉降对热带与亚热带森林凋落物和阔叶树种凋落物分解影响的研究,氮沉降对凋落物分解影响研究的长期化,采用13C同位素研究凋落物分解,注重凋落物分解对氮沉降与大气CO₂浓度升高、气候变暖、降水变化、紫外线辐射增强、P沉降交互作用响应的研究。     

安徽理工大学生活污水水质监测与评价

以安徽理工大学校园生活污水为研究对象,分别对校园3个主要污水排放区进行了生活污水样品采集和城市污水中CODcr 、BOD5、N H3-N、T P、SS等主要水质指标监测分析。结果显示：校园生活污水基本满足城市二级污水处理厂的污水排放要求,其中水体生化需氧量和化学需氧量高,水体存在富营养化的趋势。     

我国高压装饰板生产现状及高质量发展建议

高压装饰板具有优异的表面装饰效果和理化性能,在高质量发展的背景下有望破解内销不畅的困局。文中阐述了我国高压装饰板生产工艺、原材料、生产装备、技术创新和产品标准的现状,分析了高压装饰板产品质量的影响因素,提出了促进我国高压装饰板产业高质量发展的建议,旨在进一步推动我国高压装饰板的应用和发展。