Tree planting in Tigray, Ethiopia: the importance of human disease and water microdams

We examine the decision to plant trees and level of tree planting for two sites, public microdam areas and household agricultural land, and two species groups in Tigray, Ethiopia. Both sites are not perfect substitutes, as they vary with respect to distance from the household and tenure security. The role of permanent pooled water irrigation microdams to tree planting is important but unknown, because water borne diseases, which may influence household income and productivity, are thought to be enhanced by the dams. We find both disease and microdams to be important predictors to tree planting. Disease seems more important in determining whether households plant at all, and less important in the level of planting for those that do plant. For example, disease increases the probability of planting both eucalyptus and other species groups on household-own land, but households suffering from malaria plant higher-cost eucalyptus trees with lower probability at both sites, while planting of other lower-cost species increases at dam sites where other villagers can monitor the trees. We also establish a connection between planting and agricultural residues, finding a strong substitution effect on own-land. Microdam access and age are also important. Households living nearer to dam sites will plant both species groups there with higher probabilities, but the decision to plant on agricultural own-land is not affected. For older dams with more developed irrigation, households are more likely to grow crops rather than plant trees on their own land, but they plant more trees at the dam sites. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

两种星天牛成虫对树种的选择试验

模拟自然界纯林和混交林食料环境，测验了黄斑星天牛和光肩星天牛成虫知９７种参试树种上，栖息，取食，交配等选择行为。选拔出了一批具拒避作用的树种。     

Genetic differences between autochthonous and breeding populations of common cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece

Individuals were selected for resistance against the imperfect fungus Seiridium cardinale Wag in six common cypress populations (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Greece. A total of 109 resistant clones and 140 trees from their base populations were surveyed at several allozyme loci. The comparison yielded information on changes in genetic variation due to artificial selection. The genetic structure of the breeding populations was similar to their base populations. Nevertheless, the number of rare alleles among the resistant clones had decreased, showing a similar trend at most loci and for most comparisons. Possible implications for breeding strategies are discussed.     

云南海峰自然保护区旅游资源保护序位及开发

采用层次分析法,以各因子之间的相关性的高低代替专家赋值,分析云南海峰自然保护区的旅游资源.结果显示:在评价项目层中气象类重要值最高,水文类次之,接下去依次为植物类、地质地貌、生产用地、生活建筑和动物类;各评价项目层中起主要影响作用的因子分别为降水、地表径流、土壤、陆生植物、两栖类、蓄水池、防护林,其中降水、地表径流等水资源因子对湿地旅游资源的影响最为显著.根据研究结果,设计了几种不破坏景观资源的生态旅游活动,如观鸟旅游、观光农业旅游、民俗民居旅游、科考旅游和康体娱乐旅游等.     

长白落叶松生长性状早晚相关及早期选择的研究

本文对３０年生９０株人工长白落叶松树干解析生长变异及早期预测进行了研究，结果表明，树高、胸径、材积的变异随着年龄增大而减小，１４～１８龄是生长变异由剧烈分化到趋向稳定的转折年龄，此时树高、胸径、材积等的幼龄至成熟龄相关达极显著水平，选择效率也处在较高水平，确定长白落叶松早期选择年龄为１４年。     

Field test of new poplar clone in Shangdong Province

Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province.     

山梨优良品系的选择

2012~2013年,对山梨园中不同品系山梨进行了果实大小、单株结果产量、石细胞含量、出汁率、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量等指标的测定和评价。结果表明:初选的12个品系22株山梨个体中,有8个品系12株山梨个体在1个或多个果实性状指标上表现比较突出。具有较好鲜食品质的有YS10-5、YS15-1、YS15-2、YS11-2;具有较好加工品质的有YS6-8、YS6-9、YS10-5、YS15-1和YS15-2;具有较高产量的有YS6-9、YS11-5、YS10-5、YS15-1、YS9-2、YS13-6、YS13-4、YS14-2、YS14-5、YS8-4和YS7-6;具有果个大且品质好的有YS10-5、YS11-2、YS11-5和YS15-1。通过模糊数学隶属函数对12个品系22株山梨个体综合评判,有6个优良品系9株优良单株果实各项指标隶属函数均值较大,从大到小依次为YS10-5、YS11YS11-5、YS9-2、YS15-1、YS14-5、YS11-2、YS6-9、YS10-2和YS15-2,其隶属函数均值范围为0.5068-0.8335。     

‘热引19号’坚尼草选育研究报告

1998年从澳大利亚引入坚尼草TD58(Panicum maximum‘TD58')后,相继完成适应性评价、品种比较试验、区域试验和生产试验,2007年选育而成‘热引19号'坚尼草(P.maximum'Reyin NO.19')。结果表明:该品种年均干草产量达21753.02 kg·hm~(-2),种子年均产量为800.05 kg·hm~(-2),营养价值适中,且耐低温、耐荫、耐旱、花期晚,综合性状均优于对照品种,是适合于我国南方热带亚热带地区推广种植的牧草新品种。     

不同来源大豆种质资源的田间鉴定与筛选

旨在评价不同生态区大豆种质资源表型性状遗传多样性,为亲本选择和品种改良提供科学依据。以1 580份来源于国外和中国北方、黄淮海、南方生态区的大豆种质资源为对象,分析21个形态描述型性状的遗传多样性,并对13个数量性状的遗传变异及其相关性进行综合分析。结果表明：21个描述型性状的Simpson多样性指数平均值在国外、中国北方、黄淮海、南方及总资源群体中分别为0.345 9、0.347 1、0.345 9、  0.322 4、0.357 7,荚色Simpson多样性指数最大,叶色Simpson多样性指最小。底荚高度、有效分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、株高、百粒质量、单株粒质量的遗传变异系数均大于30%,初花时间、主茎节数、茎粗、荚长、荚宽的遗传变异系数为20%～10%,生育时间的遗传变异系数小于10%。13个数量性状的Simpson多样性指数平均值在国外、中国北方、黄淮海、南方及总资源群体中分别为0.813 6、0.831 1、0.825 9、0.836 9、0.826 5,说明该批大豆种质资源多样性丰富。相关分析表明,单株粒质量与其他12个重要农艺性状呈极显著正相关。通径分析发现百粒质量、单株粒数对单株粒质量的正向效应最大,其次为茎粗、单株荚数,而荚宽、株高、初花时间有负向效应。本研究揭示了该批大豆种质资源表型性状的遗传特点及其相互关系,以大豆单株产量构成性状为综合指标,结合生育时间表现,筛选出30份高产特异大豆种质,为合理选择亲本形成优势性状互补以进行大豆高产品种改良和选育提供参考。     

An integrated method for matching forest machinery and a weight-value adjustment

Proper matching of forestry machinery is important when raising mechanization levels for forestry production. In the matching process, forestry machinery needs not only expertise, but also improved methods for solving problems. I propose combination of case-based reasoning （CBR） and rule-based reasoning （RBR） by calculating the similarity of quantitative parameters of various forestry machines in an analytical and hierarchical process. I calculated the similarity of machin-ery used in forest industries to enable better selection and matching of equipment. I propose a weight-value adjusting method based on sums of squares of deviations in which the individual parameter weights were modified in the process of application. During the process of system design, I put forward a design method knowledge base and generated a dynamic web reasoning framework to integrate the processes of forest industry machinery selection and weight-value adjustment. This enables expansion of the scope of the complete system and enhancement of the reasoning efficiency. I demonstrate the validity and practicability of this method using a practical example.