早籼稻饲粮中添加NSP酶对生长猪生长与消化性能的影响

研究了早籼稻饲粮中添加NSP酶对生长猪生长与消化性能的影响。结果表明：与对照组比较,早籼稻饲粮中添加NSP酶制剂使生长猪日增重提高了8.78%(P<0.05),料重比降低了9.42%(P<0.05)。粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的表观消化率分别提高了18.76%(P<0.01),16.04%(P<0.05),108.57%(P<0.05)。猪的腹泻率、粪便大肠杆菌数分别下降了37.00%(P<0.05)和81.29%(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物粘度分别降低了2.8%(P>0.05); 7.08%(P<0.01)和6.78%(P<0.01)。十二指肠内容物中总蛋白水解酶和α-淀粉酶活性分别显著提高了99.07%(P<0.01)和18.41%(P<0.05);胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

蒸发降温和高蛋白对乳牛夏季生产性能的影响

选取泌乳中期黑白花乳牛12头,配对分为三组,蒸发降温为第1组,对照为第2组,高蛋白为第3组。第1组与2、3组除风速不同外,温湿指数(THI)相似。三组牛的直肠温度、呼吸频率和青草采食量没有显著差异,各组牛的直肠温度和呼吸频率与干球温度和THI呈极显著的正相关,青草采食量与其呈极显著的负相关。三组牛的产乳量相差极为显著,第1、3组分别较对照组提高16.68％和8.55％,第1组又较第3组提高7.46％。包括维持在内的产乳饲料利用率,第1、3组分别较对照组高6.6和2.9％。结果表明,蒸发降温和高蛋白均能显著提高夏季乳牛的产乳量,高蛋白不需特殊的设备,饲料成本亦较低,很有推广价值。据经济效益分析,第1组除去电力消耗外,每日每牛净收入可增加0.3209元,第3组增加0.7034元。     

Artificial Feeding and Laboratory Rearing of Endangered Saproxylic Beetles as a Tool for Insect Conservation

Conservation of threatened animals is frequently limited by lack of knowledge about their ecological preferences, and often artificial feeding is one of the few chances to save endangered species. We investigated the possibility to artificially feed two endangered flat bark beetles dependent on dead wood for their diet—namely, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763) and Cucujus haematodes Erichson, 1845—by examining their dietary preferences, life cycle duration, and survival in laboratory conditions. Individuals of the two species were caught in the wild and larvae and adults were fed in laboratory conditions by live or dead prey. Three species of saproxylic beetles: two cerambycids (Acanthocinus griseus Fabricius, 1793 and Rhagium inquisitor Linnaeus, 1758), one scolytid (Ips sexdentatus Börner, 1776) one tenebrionid (Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758)) one dipteran (Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826)) and one ant (Lasius sp. Fabricius, 1804) were used as prey, with minced meat as a control. Our results indicated high survival and no difference in prey choice between the two flat beetle species. Larvae and adults preferred dead prey, but no significant preference was detected among dead prey taxa, supporting the hypothesis that the two species are opportunistic scavengers. Comparing data with previous results, both species and their developmental stages should be classified as obligate saproxylic organisms with preference to the dead and decaying organic material. Successful artificial feeding and rearing of these endangered species, followed by the release in the wild through rescue or reintroduction programs, therefore appear relevant for their protection and future conservation.     

限制取食时间对茶尺蠖生长发育的影响

研究结果表明，限食程度越高，茶尺蠖幼虫存活率越低．不论在茶叶或人工饲料上，幼虫忍耐饥饿的能力随龄期的增加而提高，适当限制取食可延长幼虫历期或各龄龄期     

斜纹夜蛾的人工饲养技术

介绍了斜纹夜蛾的人工饲养技术,结果表明:室内饲养的斜纹夜蛾平均蛹重达473 mg,幼虫成活率、羽化率均在95%以上。该饲养方法可用于室内大量饲养斜纹夜蛾,但为减少霉菌的污染,应在人工饲料中加入适量的甲醛。     

净能体系下配制猪低蛋白日粮的技术基础

简述了低蛋白日粮的研究现状及其存在的问题,介绍了配制猪低蛋白日粮的技术基础(理想蛋白质理论、可消化氨基酸技术、人工合成氨基酸技术、小肽营养技术),论述了净能体系在猪低蛋白日粮配制中的作用。     

新型的人工饲料防腐剂ADA

将新型防腐剂——ＡＤＡ添入家蚕人工饲料中，对在高温多湿养蚕环境下，易引起人工饲料霉变的酵母菌群、格兰氏阴性菌群和霉菌群有明显的抑制作用，可延长人工饲料的存放和使用时间，而不影响其适口性、颜色、香味与成份，防腐效果明显优于苯甲酸、山梨酸、脱氢乙酸、丙酸等．实验证明：人工饲料中添加０．２％的ＡＤＡ能使人工饲料在高温多湿的养蚕环境下保持一个月不发霉变质，并对蚕体的生长发育无不良影响     

Essential amino acids supplementation to practical diets affects growth,feed utilization and glucose metabolism‐related signalling molecules of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Six diets were formulated to investigate the success of fish meal (FM) replacement by plant proteins; diet 1 reflected a commercial feed (8% FM), diet 3 contained 4% FM, and diet 5 was devoid of FM. Whereas, diet 2, diet 4, and diet 6 reflected diet 1, diet 3, diet 5, respectively, and supplemented with essential amino acid (EAA). At the end of 8‐week trial, there was no significant difference in survival rate. Significantly higher final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were recorded in the group fed diet 2 compared with the other treatments (except diet 4) (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio of fish fed diet 2 was significantly lower than those fed diets 1, 3, and 5 (p < 0.05). The lowest feed intake and highest protein efficiency rate were found in fish fed diet 2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body compositions between treatments. Plasma aspartate transaminases, alanine aminotransferase, and glucose were significantly affected by dietary treatments (p < 0.05), while plasma protein and albumin contents were not influenced by the treatments. The relative expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) (PIK3R1) in fish fed diet 3 (4% FM) were significantly down‐regulated compared with those fed diet 6 for TOR and diets 4 and 6 for PIK3R1 (p < 0.05). Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3) expressions were fluctuated, with the higher levels in fish fed diets 4 and 6. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that plant protein mixture supplemented with EAA could be used to substitute FM in practical diet for Megalobrama amblycephala.     

The effects of dietary HUFA level on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) spawning,egg quality and early larval characteristics

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) reproduction, and egg and larval quality. In the experiment, formulated diets containing 1.8, 2.9 or 3.6% n‐3 HUFA were fed to flame angelfish broodstock (n = 4) for 5 months. Mean fecundity (daily egg production), egg fertilization rates and embryo viability were used as indicators of egg quality. In addition, mean egg diameter, oil globule diameter, per cent hatch, larval size at hatch, per cent survival to yolk exhaustion and larval size at yolk exhaustion were recorded for each treatment. Flame angelfish fed the diet containing 3.6% n‐3 HUFA exhibited significantly increased fecundity, fertilization rates and embryo viability than fish that were fed the other two formulated diets. Egg diameter, egg oil globule diameter, larval size at hatch, larval survival to yolk exhaustion and larval size at yolk exhaustion from the 3.6% n‐3 HUFA broodstock treatment group were not significantly different from those derived from the Control broodstock treatment. These data revealed that flame angelfish egg quality could respond rapidly (within weeks) to maternal dietary changes. Results from this study further support that dietary HUFA composition can significantly affect broodstock reproductive performance as well as subsequent performance of eggs and larvae.     

Experimental evaluation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss predation on longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae

Laboratory and in‐stream enclosure experiments were used to determine whether rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss influence survival of longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae. In the laboratory, adult rainbow trout preyed on longnose dace in 42% of trials and juvenile rainbow trout did not prey on longnose dace during the first 6 h after rainbow trout introduction. Survival of longnose dace did not differ in the presence of adult rainbow trout previously exposed to active prey and those not previously exposed to active prey ( = 0.28, P = 0.60). In field enclosures, the number of longnose dace decreased at a faster rate in the presence of rainbow trout relative to controls within the first 72 h, but did not differ between moderate and high densities of rainbow trout (F_2,258.9 = 3.73, P = 0.03). Additionally, longnose dace were found in 7% of rainbow trout stomachs after 72 h in enclosures. Rainbow trout acclimated to the stream for longer periods had a greater initial influence on the number of longnose dace remaining in enclosures relative to those acclimated for shorter periods regardless of rainbow trout density treatment (F_4,148.5 = 2.50, P = 0.04). More research is needed to determine how predation rates will change in natural environments, under differing amounts of habitat and food resources and in the context of whole assemblages. However, if rainbow trout are introduced into the habitat of longnose dace, some predation on longnose dace is expected, even when rainbow trout have no previous experience with active prey.