基于生物炭的生态浮床设计

根据生物炭的强吸附特性,对传统生态浮床进行改进,构建了由浮床框体、床体、内外双环圆柱结构种植单元、沉水植物生长袋4个部分组成的新型组合生态浮床,结合水下空间和水面景观重点描述了浮床的构建过程,为生态浮床的发展提供了新的思路。     

Optimization of an artificial neural network topology using coupled response surface methodology and genetic algorithm for fluidized bed drying

In this study, an integrated response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) are recommended for developing artificial neural networks (ANNs) with great chances to be an optimal one. A multi-layer feed forward (MLFF) ANN was applied to correlate the outputs (energy and exergy) to the four exogenous inputs (drying time, drying air temperature, carrot cubes size, and bed depth). The RSM was used to build the relationship between the input parameters and output responses, and used as the fitness function to measure the fitness value of the GA approach. In the relationship building, five variables were used (number of neurons, momentum coefficient and step size in the hidden layer, number of epochs and number of training times). A polynomial model was developed from training results to mean square error (MSE) of 50 developed ANNs to generate 3D response surfaces and contour plots. Finally, GA was applied to find the optimal topology of ANN. The ANN topology had minimum MSE when the number of neurons in the hidden layer, momentum coefficient, step size, number of training epochs and training times were 28, 0.66, 0.35, 2877 and 3, respectively. The energy and exergy of carrot cubes during fluidized bed drying were predicted with R² values of greater than 0.97 using optimal ANN topology.     

新型喷动循环流化床落叶松木材快速热解实验研究

笔者对新型喷动循环流化床落叶松木材快速热解过程中反应温度和物料粒径对快速热解产物产率的影响进行了研究.结果表明:快速热解反应温度500-600℃时生物油产率有最大值,新型喷动循环流化床适宜的物料粒径范围为0.2～1.2mm.     

发酵牛粪作为奶牛卧床垫料的微生物消长规律研究

为了研究发酵牛粪作为奶牛卧床垫料的微生物消长规律,本试验选择舍饲散栏泌乳牛舍,检测1个自然年度牛粪垫料不同深度的微生物(细菌和真菌)数量。每2月检测1次,每次连续7d。结果表明,不同月份牛粪垫料的表、中、深层细菌数量随填铺卧床时间的增长表现出上升趋势,刚填铺的牛粪垫料细菌数量为2.0×10~6~3.8×10~7 cfu/g,填铺7d时细菌数量达4.7×10~7~3.6×10~8 cfu/g,4、6、8和10月份牛粪垫料的细菌数量均表现为表层偏高、中层偏低的趋势;牛粪垫料中真菌数量没有表现出明显的消长规律,且填铺7d时真菌数量增长幅度较小,刚填铺时牛粪的真菌数量介于4.3×10~2~1.5×10~3 cfu/g,填铺7d时真菌数量为9.5×10~2~4.8×10~3 cfu/g。此外,牛粪垫料的细菌和真菌数量与环境温度间均不存在显著相关性(P0.05)。该研究可为奶牛卧床消毒制度的完善提供可靠数据,以提高奶牛的生产性能和健康水平。     

含铬重金属废水处理的试验研究

采用铁屑固定床反应器去除工业废水中的铬．废水进入反应器后，通过铁屑固定床反应器的电化学反应的氧化还原、铁屑对絮体的电附集和对反应的催化作用、以及电池反应产物的混凝、新生絮体的吸附和床层的吸附过滤等综合效应，使重金属铬得以从废水中除去．试验结果表明，去除铬废水的最佳工艺条件为：pH=6．0～6．5，HRT=7h，采用连续曝气，曝气量为0．2L／min；铁屑固定床处理含铬废水运行稳定，去除率高，出水可以达到国家排放标准．     

养猪污染治理异位微生物发酵床的设计与应用

异位微生物发酵床是集中处理养猪废弃物的场所,通常建设在传统猪舍的周围。发酵床内铺设垫料,将猪舍的排泄物引导到异位微生物发酵床内,通过翻堆机将排泄物与发酵垫料混合,进行发酵,消纳粪污,消除臭味,实现零排放,生产有机肥。本课题组设计了一种新型异位微生物发酵床,由钢构房、喷淋池和发酵池组成,并配备翻堆机、喷淋机等设备。异位发酵床可适用于各种传统养猪方法的污染治理,具有较高的生态、经济、社会效益。     

美人蕉浮床对富营养水体氮·磷去除效果的研究进展

介绍了浮床美人蕉的生长状况,阐述了目前关于美人蕉对富营养化水体氮、磷及COD的去除效果,以及在不同季节美人蕉对富营养化水体的净化效果的研究进展。     

河床高差对“Y”型汇流口水流水

利用美国SonTec公司生产的三维多普勒流速仪ADV对“Y”型汇流口进行模型试验研究，结果表明，“Y”型汇流口水流为螺旋流，河床高差的存在对“Y”型汇流口水流分离区，流速加速区等主要区域影响不大，但会减弱螺旋流的旋转趋势，增加汇流口水流的脉动强度。     

Drought-induced root plasticity of two upland NERICA varieties under conditions with contrasting soil depth characteristics

To identify differences in root plasticity patterns of two upland New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties, NERICA 1 and 4, in response to drought under conditions with contrasting soil profile characteristics, soil moisture gradients were imposed using a sloping bed system with depths ranging 30–65 cm and a line-source sprinkler system with a uniformly shallow soil layer of 20 cm depth. Varietal differences in shoot and root growths were identified only under moderate drought conditions, 11–18% v/v soil moisture content. Further, under moderate drought soil conditions where roots could penetrate into the deep soil layer, deep root development was greater in NERICA 4 than in NERICA 1, which contributed to maintaining dry matter production. However, under soil conditions with underground impediment to deep root development, higher shoot dry weight was noted for NERICA 1 than for NERICA 4 at 11–18% v/v soil moisture content, which was attributed to increased lateral root development in the shallow soil layer in NERICA 1. Enhanced lateral root development in the 0–20-cm soil layer was identified in NERICA 1 even under soil conditions without an impediment to deep root development; however, this did not contribute to maintaining dry matter production in upland rice. Thus, we show different root developmental traits associated with drought avoidance in the two NERICA varieties, and that desirable root traits for upland rice cultivation vary depending on the target soil environment, such as the distribution of soil moisture and root penetration resistance.     

发酵床饲养对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响

探索发酵床饲养对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响。试验选择25 d断奶三元杂交(杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪)仔猪80头,公母各半,随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组以发酵床饲养,对照组采用常规水泥地面饲养,肥育试验期为135 d;试验结束时,提前12 h禁食,称重,每组随机抽样6头猪血样,离心分离血清,测定血液生化指标。胰岛素含量采用放射免疫法测定,其他血液生化指标采用全自动生化分析测试仪测定。结果表明,试验组猪血清中的高密度脂蛋白明显升高(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白和尿素含量明显降低(P<0.05),其他各项指标均与对照组无明显差异。