美人蕉浮床对富营养水体氮·磷去除效果的研究进展

介绍了浮床美人蕉的生长状况,阐述了目前关于美人蕉对富营养化水体氮、磷及COD的去除效果,以及在不同季节美人蕉对富营养化水体的净化效果的研究进展。     

生物浮床技术在水产养殖中的应用概况

生物浮床技术作为生物操纵方法的一种,是一种原位生态修复技术,它是利用浮床植物根系或者茎叶吸收、富集、降解或固定受污染水体中的(有机)污染物,通过对植物的收割(收获)以实现降低或者消除水体污染物,达到净化水质、修复环境的目的.综述了生物浮床技术的原理与特点及生物浮床的应用效果,并结合生物浮床的技术特点探讨其在水产养殖应用中存在的问题,最后对生物浮床技术在水产养殖中的应用前景进行了展望.     

金针菇菌糠发酵床对生态养猪效果的影响

[目的]解决发酵床垫料来源问题,降低发酵床制作成本。[方法]以金针菇菌糠代替部分锯末制作发酵床,研究发酵床垫料配比对其温度和生猪育肥性能的影响,并分析金针菇菌糠在发酵床养殖过程中的应用前景。[结果]金针菇菌糠发酵床不会影响发酵床的发酵效果及生猪的育肥性能,有效降低了发酵床的制作成本。菌糠发酵床的最佳配方为:锯末20%、菌糠60%、稻壳20%。[结论]菌糠发酵床不仅有效解决了食用菌菌糠的环境污染问题,还可以极大降低发酵床的制作成本,可应用于该地区的发酵床养猪生产中。     

OASIS吸水剂在风沙路基边护坡造林中的应用

试验研究表明,利用绿洲牌(OASIS)吸水剂造林,可提高苗木成活率和保存率,增加根系层土壤含水率,促进植物生长,使苗木成活保存率提高7,生长量增加19.2,土壤含水率提高1.83.     

组合式三效生态浮床的构建及应用研究

[目的]构建新式生态浮床并测试其性能。[方法]构建一种以浮篮为基本单元,以粉煤灰轻质陶粒和漂珠为装载材料,集成植物吸收、滤料吸附和生物挂膜三重功效于一体的新式生态浮床,并将该浮床单元体用于水体净化模拟试验。[结果]受试水体的TP、TN、NH3-N和COD浓度分别由0.699 9 mg/L、4.898 mg/L、1.945 mg/L和68.34 mg/L降至30 d后的0.003 2 mg/L、0.051 mg/L、0.001 mg/L和6.23 mg/L,水体修复效果快速而显著。试种的青菜、空心菜和美国四季青草长势良好,发芽率和生长速度高于土壤对照组。[结论]三效生态浮床在净水效率、植物种植方式、运行方式及景观价值等方面均较传统生态浮床有了大幅度的改进和提升,并可实现环境和经济的双重收益。     

海南景观水体水生植物调查及试验

对海南多个景观水体的水生植物进行调查研究,并采用浮床栽培技术对多种植物进行水培试验,结果植株在污染水体培养的植物长势和景观效果优于自来水体,富贵竹、闭鞘姜、黄花蔺等植物在浮床栽培技术中具有较高的观赏价值,可运用于热带地区水体景观中。     

载体好氧预处理对厌氧消化反应器运行性能的影响

将用于厌氧消化反应器的载体经好氧挂膜预处理，采用有机负荷递增法启动厌氧附着膜膨胀床（AAFEB）反应器，好氧预处理后的反应器比对照提前15天完成启动，并且具有较好的耐冲击负荷能力和耐水力负荷能力。这与污泥结构良好，持留能力强，污泥流失量小呈正相关。在反应器的稳态运行和再启动运行期间，反应器的主要运行参数与对照反应器无明显差异。     

基于CFD的养殖污水净化内循环流化床反应器结构优化

针对水产养殖污水净化对内循环流化床反应器的相关要求及流化状态下反应器结构、操作参数与相流体力学行为的密切关系,该文利用构建的描述不同结构、操作参数反应器气液两相流动的计算流体力学数学模型,分析了不同结构、操作参数下反应器液体流场、液体循环流量、气含率的变化规律,得到了对于内径200 mm、底部采用均孔布气盘的反应器,在表观气速为0.5~2.5 cm/s时,导流筒与反应器的内径比0.5,导流筒高度与反应器内径比6,导流筒下端到反应器底部距离50 mm,导流筒上端到液面距离100 mm为最优值;针对液体循环流量,使用相关数学模型求解理论值并与试验值进行比对,通过偏差分析探究了数学模型应用的局限性;使用MATLAB最小二乘法拟合了反应器在最优结构参数下表观气速与液体循环流量、气含率的关系,验证了拟合公式的精确性。该研究为内循环流化床反应器在水产养殖污水处理中的设计应用提供理论和技术参考。     

The significance of meandering channel morphology on the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates in a lowland river in Japan

• 1. Many rivers and streams across the world have been channelized for various purposes. Channel cross‐sections of meandering rivers are asymmetrical and have cross‐sectional diversity in their physical environment; cross‐sections of a channelized river are typically trapezoidal and have little cross‐sectional diversity, both in physical and ecological conditions. Several programmes to restore stream meanders have been undertaken to improve river ecosystems degraded by channelization. However, the association between diversification in the physical environment due to meander restoration and the macroinvertebrate community structure is poorly known.
• 2. This study of a lowland river in Japan assessed how the cross‐sectional diversity of the physical environment changed with restoration of a meander in a channelized river, and how the macroinvertebrate communities responded to the changes in physical habitat variation. Comparisons were made between the macroinvertebrate communities of a channelized reach, the restored meandering reach, and a natural meandering reach.
• 3. Natural meandering and restored meandering reaches showed higher cross‐sectional diversity in physical variables and total taxon richness across a reach than did the channelized reach. Almost all taxa observed in the natural and restored meandering reaches were concentrated in the shallowest marginal habitats near the banks. Shear velocity increasing with water depth had a negative association with macroinvertebrate density and richness.
• 4. This study demonstrated that the shallow river bed along the inside of bends formed point bars that provided a highly stable substrate, a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates in a lowland river. It is concluded that meander restoration could be an effective strategy for in‐stream habitat restoration in lowland meandering rivers.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.