Extension of nursery culture of Scylla serrata (Forsskål) juveniles in net cages and ponds

To address the preference of mud crab farmers for larger size Scylla serrata juveniles (5.0–10 g body weight or BW; 3.0–5.0 cm internal carapace width or ICW), a study was conducted to compare the growth and survival of crab juveniles (2.0–5.0 g BW; 1.0–3.0 cm ICW) produced a month after stocking of megalopae in net cages when reared further in net cages installed in earthen ponds or when stocked directly in earthen ponds. In a 3 × 2 factorial experiment, three stocking densities (1, 3 and 5 ind m⁻²), two types of rearing units (net cages or earthen pond) were used. Megalopae were grown to juvenile stage for 30 days in net cages set inside a 4000 m² brackishwater pond and fed brown mussel (Modiolus metcalfei). Crab juveniles were then transferred to either net cages (mesh size of 1.0 mm) or earthen ponds at three stocking densities. After 1 month, no interaction between stocking density and rearing unit was detected so data were pooled for each stocking density and rearing unit. There were no significant differences in the growth or survival rate of crab juveniles across stocking density treatments. Regardless of stocking density, survival in net cages was higher (77.11±6.62%) than in ponds (40.41±3.59%). Growth, however, was significantly higher for crab juveniles reared in earthen ponds. The range of mean BW of 10.5–16.0 g and an ICW of 3.78–4.33 cm obtained are within the size range preferred by mud crab operators for stocking grow‐out ponds.     

Optimal first feed organism for South African mud crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scylla serrata</Emphasis> (Forskål) larvae

It is not known whether rotifers or Artemia nauplii are the best first food for South African mud crab Scylla serrata larvae. In order to test this, larvae were fed with five different test diets. These were rotifers for the first 8 days and newly hatched EG^® type Artemia nauplii (San Francisco Bay) from day 6 onwards (treatment R6A); newly hatched EG^® type Artemia nauplii throughout the rearing period (treatment EG); newly hatched Vinh-Chau strain (Vietnam) Artemia nauplii throughout the rearing period (treatment VC); decapsulated cysts of EG^® type Artemia throughout the rearing period (treatment DECAP); or decapsulated cysts supplemented with low densities of Artemia EG type Artemia nauplii (treatment MIX). Two experiments were conducted approximately 1 month apart using larvae from two different female crabs. Although results showed it is possible to rear S. serrata larvae through metamorphosis on Artemia nauplii exclusively, larval performance (development, survival and successful metamorphosis) was enhanced by the inclusion of rotifers as a first feed.No significant difference in performance was recorded between larvae fed on the two strains of Artemia nauplii. Larvae fed on decapsulated cysts in treatments DECAP and MIX performed poorly, but there were indications that decapsulated cysts and other inert diets may have potential as supplements to live food in the rearing of S. serrata larvae.     

正烷酵母饵料致突变性的研究

本试验用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型——哺乳动物肝微粒体酶测试系统(Ames’Test)，对正烷酵母饵料浸出液的非极性树脂XAD-2吸附物进行检测，以查明其是否具有致突变或致癌作用。结果表明，正烷酵母对菌株TA98及TA100有致突变作用，由此证明这种饵料中存在着引起DNA移码突变和碱基对置换突变的化合物，故这种酵母在被用作鱼类饵料或其他动物饲料之前，还应作进一步研究，防止其对环境的污染和其他潜在的危害性。     

锯缘青蟹和斑节对虾北移养殖试验

本文对锯缘青蟹和斑节对虾北移养殖的可行性进行研究.在水温20～32℃,比重1.006～1.022和pH8.2～8.7的条件下,锯缘青蟹和斑节对虾的放苗密度及其规格分别为7500只/ha,甲宽1～3cm和9.89×104尾/ha,体长0.8～1.2 cm,在河北省唐海县经历90d的养殖,锯缘青蟹养成存活率为31.7%,规格为175～850g/只,斑节对虾养成存活率为7.8%,规格为20～25g/尾.结果表明,锯缘青蟹和斑节对虾在我国北方地区养殖是可行的.     

一株锯缘青蟹呼肠孤病毒的分离纯化及鉴定

在研究锯缘青蟹病害的过程中,从广东某养殖场分离到一株呼肠孤病毒(命名为SsRV)。病毒粒子为球状,直径约45 nm。病毒粒子基因组为12个节段的双链RNA;在1%琼脂糖电泳中SsRV基因组呈1/5/6带型,其分子量分别为3.8,2.5,2.4,2.0,1.9,1.8,1.3,1.2,1.1,1.1,1.0,1.0 kbp。根据病毒的宿主范围、基因组节段数及电泳型,此病毒很可能与地中海滨蟹呼肠孤病毒P和W 2共同构成呼肠孤病毒科一个新的属。     

养殖锯缘青蟹黄水病的流行病学调查研究

笔者通过对温州36个锯缘青蟹养殖场实地走访、现场调查、及时取样、实验与分析相结合的方法,利用生物统计软件进行数据整理、作图及分析,得出主要结论如下：1、流行病学调查显示,锯缘青蟹黄水病与降雨有着高度显著相关性。该病的暴发和流行主要集中于5-6月的“梅雨季节”和8—10月的“台风季节”,且梅雨或者台风都会带来较大气温及降雨变化。因此,黄水病的发生和流行与气温和降雨存在较大的联系。2、根据锯缘青蟹黄水病发生的时空分布、养殖密度、龄期和大小、环境因子的关系分析,得出如下结论：不同的月份对温州地区养殖锯缘青蟹的发病率有极显著影响,发病率最高的是9月份,其次是6—8月。在单养和混养两种养殖模式下,青蟹黄水病均随着养殖密度的增高,总死亡率有明显增加;青蟹最易患病的4个时期分别为放苗后半个月、脱壳期、繁殖时期和雌雄差异,成蟹易患黄水病,雌性个体发病率高于雄性个体;气温、降水量的变化将显著影响青蟹黄水病的消长。     

青蟹呼肠孤病毒和青蟹双顺反子病毒-1双重巢式PCR检测方法的建立

青蟹呼肠孤病毒(mud crab reovirus, MCRV)和青蟹双顺反子病毒-1(mud crab dicistrovirus-1, MCDV-1)是从近年发生大规模死亡的养殖拟穴青蟹体内分离的、对青蟹具有致病性的两种病毒。它们常常同时存在, 给青蟹养殖业带来巨大经济损失。在疾病的防治中, 快速高效的病毒检测方法对疾病诊断以及及时采取有效地防治措施具有重要的意义。本研究利用MCRV和MCDV-1基因保守区设计4对引物, 建立了可同时检测这两种病毒的双重巢式PCR(duplex-nested PCR)检测方法。研究发现该方法对两种病毒的检测限都可以达到10个拷贝, 并与鲍肌肉萎缩病毒(AbSV)、虾类传染性表皮与造血组织坏死症病毒(IHHNV)、大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒(TRBIV)、对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)、鱼类神经坏死病毒(NNV)和贝类急性病毒性坏死症病毒(AVNV)等水生动物常见病毒均无交叉反应, 可以特异性地检测两种病毒。本方法具有高灵敏度、高特异性和简便快捷等特点, 可作为一种快速诊断工具, 检测拟穴青蟹中的MCRV和MCDV-1基因。

     

广东省阳江地区野生拟穴青蟹2种病毒感染情况调查

青蟹双顺反子病毒-1（mudcrabdicistrovirus-1,MCDV-1）和青蟹呼肠孤病毒（mudcrabreovirus,MCRV）是对养殖拟穴青蟹有较强致病性的2种病原,可导致高死亡率。文章采用双重巢式PCR检测法对2012年阳江地区5月-10月捕捞的野生拟穴青蟹（Scyllaparamamosain）病毒感染情况进行调查。结果显示,阳江地区2012年5月～10月的野生青蟹群体一直保持较高的病毒携带率（44．83％-100％）,其中MCDV-1检出率最高的月份为6月、8月和9月,MCRV检出率最高的月份为5月-6月和8月～9月;以单独感染类型为主的月份为5月、7月和10月（〉44．83％）,以双阳性感染类型为主的月份为6月、8月和9月（〉82．76％）。由此可见,2种病毒的流行月份为5月～6月和8月～9月;在流行月份期间2种病毒常常协同感染野生拟穴青蟹。     

Identifying mangrove areas for fisheries enhancement; population assessment in a patchy habitat

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