鼠尾藻的生物学特性及筏式养殖技术研究

报道了鼠尾藻的生物学特性及人工筏式养殖技术。经106天的筏式养殖，藻体平均长度从5.5cm长到79.1cm；每绳重量从860g长到3500g，而对照组只长到1750g。试验组每667m^2产值约6000元。     

Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species in Yoro,western Wakasa Bay,Sea of Japan

ABSTRACT:   Annual net production of the five Sargassaceae species was investigated in Yoro, western Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan. The Sargassaceae species were collected at a depth of 2.0–2.5 m and subjected to stratified clipping for 13 months. Annual net production was estimated at 2407 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum patens , 2132 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum macrocarpum , 1458 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum siliquastrum , 1197 g dry wt/m² for Myagropsis myagroides , and 1471 g dry wt/m² for Sargassum piluliferum . The ratio of annual net production to maximum biomass (P/B_max) for these species ranged between 1.3 and 1.7, being higher than in previous studies which used the same method. Winter storms with strong wave exposure and relatively calm condition in Yoro were considered to augment P/B_max. The total losses estimated from the different units of stratified clipping were compared. If larger and less segregated units were applied, the total loss would decrease. It was suggested that a 50 cm stratum would be applicable to the larger species (3 m or longer) and a stratum of 20 cm or less would be applicable to mid-sized or smaller species (less than 3 m).     

羊栖菜Sargasum_fusiforme原生质体的分离和培养

本研究多次获得原生质体，明确了酶解原生质体的内在因素与外在条件，诸如酶溶剂的种类及浓度，酶及组成，酶解温度及ｐＨ，采种藻时间及取用部位。分离的原生质体经初步培养，发现少数２分裂，最好的有成６分裂的细胞团，但尚未成株。研究结果为扩大培养打下了良好的基础。此外，还报道了用海洋细菌酶解的试验及意义     

The abundance of juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) near the Kuroshio: the roles of drifting seaweed and regional hydrography

We assess the effect of drifting seaweed (Sargassum sp.) biomass, geography and hydrography on juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) abundance variation off the southeast coast of Japan, near the Kuroshio Current. The amount of drifting seaweed mats progressively increased northeastward into the cooler, coastal waters. Frontal structure indexed using a station‐to‐station ΔSST did not explain spatial variation in the seaweed mat distribution, although the western extent of the Kuroshio Current appeared to act as a boundary. Juvenile yellowtail constituted 51–62% of the fish collected in association with drifting seaweed mats in April 1996 and 1997 and 29% in June 1996. The abundance of juvenile yellowtail was positively correlated with seaweed biomass. The geographic distribution of juvenile yellowtail associated with drifting mats varied among sampling periods, being more southwesterly in April and more northeasterly in June. Simple multiple regression models based on seaweed biomass and geographic distribution (latitude) explained between 35% and 43% of the variation in juvenile yellowtail abundance in spring. Associations with spatial and temporal variations in hydrographic conditions did not contribute to explained variation in a meaningful manner. The results presented here indicate that, off the southeast coast of Japan during April, yellowtail juveniles are likely to be most abundant when seaweed biomass is high, occur offshore, and are bounded by the western extent of the Kuroshio Current near the 19–20°C SST isotherm.     

海蒿子脂溶性物质的抗食物腐败菌活性研究

[目的]研究海蒿子脂溶性物质的抗食物腐败菌活性。[方法]采用圆形纸片法,对海蒿子脂溶性物质及经柱层析分离得到的不同洗脱组分进行抗食物腐败菌试验。[结果]海蒿子粗脂对大肠杆菌和假单胞杆菌的抑菌圈分别为1.0和1.5 mm;枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对海蒿子粗脂不敏感。苯洗脱组分对金黄色葡萄球菌与枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌圈均为1.0 mm;苯洗脱组分对大肠杆菌和假单胞杆菌无抑菌活性;石油醚洗脱组分对4种腐败菌亦无抑菌活性;乙醇洗脱组分对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和假单胞杆菌的抑菌圈分别为3.0、4.5、4.0和2.5 mm,空白对照组均无抑菌活性。[结论]海蒿子乙醇洗脱组分具有较强的抗菌活性;多数海藻脂溶性物质的抗菌活性主要体现在其强极性脂成分上。     

大型海藻羊栖菜对新月筒柱藻生长抑制作用研究

研究了羊栖菜藻体、干粉及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻生长的影响。结果显示:羊栖菜藻体、干粉和乙醇提取物皆可明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,羊栖菜粉末及乙醇提取物对新月筒柱藻的生长的抑制作用表现出较强的浓度-效应关系。72 h时,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜干粉初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.3801x2+1.1636x,新月筒柱藻生长抑制率与羊栖菜乙醇提取物初始浓度间的关系可表达为y=-0.1445x2+1.4279x。羊栖菜粉末浓度达到1.6 g/L时,新月筒柱藻在3 d内全部死亡;乙醇提取物浓度达0.8 g/L时,藻细胞在2 d内全部死亡。由于乙醇提取物溶液的浓度是以提取前干粉质量表示,因此同等质量的羊栖菜粉末经过乙醇提取后其对新月筒柱藻生长的抑制作用明显高于未经提取的羊栖菜粉末。在1.6 g/L的羊栖菜乙醇提取物作用下数小时后,新月筒柱藻细胞核破裂,并逐渐向两端分散,至24 h时,细胞膜模糊,界限不清,细胞严重萎缩并逐渐碎裂解体。研究亮点:本研究发现大型海藻羊栖菜对冷水性赤潮藻新月筒柱藻的生长具有克生作用,羊栖菜乙醇提取物能明显抑制新月筒柱藻的生长,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨,为赤潮的生物防治提供理论基础,丰富了海洋化学生态学的研究内容。     

Apo-9′-Fucoxanthinone,Isolated from Sargassum muticum,Inhibits CpG-Induced Inflammatory Response by Attenuating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) is a brown edible alga and widely distributed in Korea. This report was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone (APO-9′) isolated from S. muticum on pro-inflammatory cytokine production. S. muticum extract (SME) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). APO-9′ pre-treatment in the CpG DNA-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5.31 to 13.79. It exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and on activator protein (AP)-1 reporter activity. APO-9′ pre-treatment exhibited significant inhibition of CpG DNA-induced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, these data suggest that SME and APO-9′ have a significant anti-inflammatory property and warrant further studies concerning the potentials of SME and APO-9′ for medicinal use.     

Simultaneous Extraction and Depolymerization of Fucoidan from Sargassum muticum in Aqueous Media

The biomass components of the invasive seaweed Sargassum muticum were fractionated to allow their separate valorization. S. muticum (Sm) and the solid residue remaining after alginate extraction of this seaweed (AESm) were processed with hot, compressed water (hydrothermal processing) to assess the effects of temperature on fucoidan solubilization. Fucose-containing oligosaccharides were identified as reaction products. Operating under optimal conditions (170 °C), up to 62 and 85 wt% of the dry mass of Sm and AESm were solubilized, respectively. The reaction media were subjected to precipitation, nanofiltration and freeze-drying. The dried products contained 50% and 85% of the fucoidan present in Sm and AESm, respectively; together with other components such as phenolics and inorganic components. The saccharidic fraction, accounting for up to 35% of the dried extracts, contained fucose as the main sugar, and also galactose, xylose, glucose and mannose. The concentrates were characterized for antioxidant activity using the TEAC assay.     

基于转录组数据的铜藻微卫星标记开发与验证

根据铜藻转录组测序数据来进行微卫星标记的发掘,共获得2 800个微卫星位点。二碱基重复出现的次数最多,占32.82%,其次是三碱基重复,占25.21%;在所有重复单元类型中,AC/GT出现频率最高,占9.18%;重复序列的长度则主要集中在12～20 bp,占72.79%;重复次数主要集中在5～10次,占74.14%。随机选取74对引物进行验证,最终获得18个具有多态性的微卫星标记。对31株铜藻个体进行检测和评价,共扩增得到43个等位基因,每个位点平均等位基因数为2.39,平均有效等位基因数为1.91,平均观测杂合度(H_o)为0.318,平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.449,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.365,在18个位点中有11个显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05)。开发的微卫星标记为后续铜藻多样性、起源和迁移等遗传学问题研究提供了有力支撑。     

硇洲马尾藻的繁殖特性及体长生物量的季节变动

广东特产的硇洲马尾藻是一种具有食用、药用价值的大型褐藻,有望开发成人工育苗栽培的新种类。2009年7月至2010年6月,原生态定点观察周年各月其体长和生物量等季节变动情况,结果发现,藻体假多年生,异株、异托。8—10月为体止期,11月至翌年4月中旬为生长期,4月中旬至6月初是繁殖期,6月初至7月底为衰老期。自然种群的繁衍和维持以假根再生为主,有性繁殖为辅。假根周年各月均可再生小苗,拔除假根,严重破坏种群繁衍,保留假根的剪收可以使第二年相同面积、同一时间的同种藻体的现存生物量明显增加。分布在水深2 m以内,宽5～10 m的潮间带岩礁上,11月开始加速生长,到5月上旬藻体长度生长达到最大值,原生态藻体的生物量表现出明显的季节变化,基本上与体长生长保持同步增长,最大生物量可达1 280 g/m²,最大单株藻体长1.73 m,最大单株质量可达250 g。