5株生姜促生菌的初步鉴定及产IAA和抑菌能力测定

为明确5株生姜促生菌的分类地位和促生活性,本试验通过观察其菌体及菌落形态特征、生理生化特性和16S r DNA序列分析,初步确定GJ3为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,GJ130为纳什维尔链霉菌,NS87为非脱羧勒克氏菌,NS178为枯草芽孢杆菌,NS111为路德维希肠杆菌。用抑菌谱法测定了5株促生菌的拮抗特性,其中GJ3和NS178具有较广的抑菌谱,对14种病原真菌均具有拮抗效果。Salkowski比色法定量测定了5株促生菌产吲哚乙酸能力,菌株NS111产吲哚乙酸能力最强,其发酵液IAA含量为148.80 mg/L。     

Vineyard soil bacterial diversity and composition revealed by 16S rRNA genes: Differentiation by geographic features

Here, we examine soil-borne microbial biogeography as a function of the features that define an American Viticultural Area (AVA), a geographically delimited American wine grape-growing region, defined for its distinguishing features of climate, geology, soils, physical features (topography and water), and elevation. In doing so, we lay a foundation upon which to link the terroir of wine back to the soil-borne microbial communities. The objective of this study is to elucidate the hierarchy of drivers of soil bacterial community structure in wine grape vineyards in Napa Valley, California. We measured differences in the soil bacterial and archaeal community composition and diversity by sequencing the fourth variable region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S V4 rDNA). Soil bacterial communities were structured with respect to soil properties and AVA, demonstrating the complexity of soil microbial biogeography at the landscape scale and within the single land-use type. Location and edaphic variables that distinguish AVAs were the strongest explanatory factors for soil microbial community structure. Notably, the relationship with TC and TN of the <53 μm and 53–250 μm soil fractions offers support for the role of bacterial community structure rather than individual taxa on fine soil organic matter content. We reason that AVA, climate, and topography each affect soil microbial communities through their suite of impacts on soil properties. The identification of distinctive soil microbial communities associated with a given AVA lends support to the idea that soil microbial communities form a key in linking wine terroir back to the biotic components of the soil environment, suggesting that the relationship between soil microbial communities and wine terroir should be examined further.     

Application of 16S rDNA Sequence Analysis Technique in Microbial Detection

16srDNA既具有保守性区域。又具有高变性区域,是生物的种属鉴定和系统进化关系的重要分子基础。以16srDNA为目的物的现代分子生物学技术能精确地揭示微生物种类和遗传的多样性,从而16srDNA序列分析成了微生物分类鉴定主要依据。该方法克服了传统微生物培养方法的限制,操作方便、检测快速准确且灵敏度高,已被广泛应用到菌种鉴定、群落对比分析、群落中系统发育及种群多样性的评估等领域,是一种客观和可信度较高的分类方法。     

产纤维素酶细菌的分离筛选与鉴定

通过筛选获得高产纤维素酶细菌菌株,为纤维素酶制剂研制及纤维素酶工程菌构建提供试验材料。采用刚果红平板从牛羊粪便及腐败的玉米秸秆和木屑中分离产纤维素酶菌株,以DNS法测定酶活,根据酶活复筛产纤维素酶分离菌株;观察分离菌株的形态、染色与培养特性;应用16S rDNA通用引物扩增菌株基因组DNA,测序结果提交GenBank数据库进行Blast比对分析和相似性搜索,作出复筛菌株种的鉴定。结果表明:分离获得16株纤维素酶产量较高的细菌菌株,均为革兰氏阳性菌,菌体呈短杆状、具中央芽孢,经16S rDNA序列比对分析和相似性搜索,鉴定为10株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、6株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。     

6株解有机磷细菌的分离鉴定

从合肥市王小郢污水处理厂的污泥中筛选出6株能降解有机磷的细菌,对这6株茵株进行形态、生理生化性状测定,初步鉴定得出SI菌株为微杆菌属(Microbacterium),S2菌株为葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus),S3(QY081102)菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),S4菌株为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),S5菌株为黄色单胞菌属(Flavimonas),S6菌株为纤维单胞菌(Cellulomonas).对它们的解磷能力进行测定和比较,S3菌株的解磷能力最强,其D/d值为4.5,对卵磷脂的降解率为66%,进而对S3菌株进行了16S rDNA序列分析,确定其为产碱假单胞茵(Pseudomonas alcaligenes).     

饲粮组成对育肥羔羊肠道微生物菌群结构的影响

为研究饲粮组成改变对育肥羔羊肠道菌群结构及多样性的影响,选择生长发育良好、体重相近的2月龄蒙系公羔羊76只,随机分成2组,每组38只,分别饲喂不同的饲粮,对照组为精料+苜蓿饲粮,处理组为精料+全株玉米青贮+苜蓿+花生秧的全混合饲粮,试验期122 d,其中预试期20 d.试验结束后,每组随机选取4只羔羊屠宰并采集小肠及盲...     

几株家蚕蛹油降解细菌的分离鉴定与降解能力测定

利用稀释培养法从缫丝废水中分离到5株可降解家蚕蛹油的细菌,采用紫外分光光度法测定了其对家蚕蛹油的降解能力,H73、H23、H1、H5和H43菌株在72 h内对家蚕蛹油的降解率分别达到76.36%、62.04%、60.58%、53.85%和51.20%。通过形态特征、生理生化特性测定和16S rDNA序列系统发生分析对各菌株进行鉴定,其中H23、H1和H43为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),H5为微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.),H73为肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)。     

台湾蝴蝶兰上一种病原细菌的初步鉴定

从来自台湾的蝴蝶兰病叶上分离到一种引起叶斑症状的病原细菌.该病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,1根或几根极生鞭毛,在蘑菇菌盖上引起凹陷斑点.经致病性测定、菌体形态、培养性状、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列同源性以及系统发育学等方面的分析鉴定,确定该病原菌为托拉斯假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas tolaasii Paine 1919).     

Members of soil bacterial communities sensitive to tillage and crop rotation

Pyrosequencing was used to study the effect of rotation and tillage on total bacterial communities. We designed primers to the bacterial 16s rDNA and amplified DNA from soil samples from a long-term tillage/rotation trial in Kansas for two seasons. The 2 × 2 factorial trial had two rotation treatments (wheat-wheat and wheat-soybean) and two tillage treatments (conventional and no-till). A total of 20,180 16s rDNA sequences were generated and 2337 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assembled using a 97% similarity cut-off. The phylum Proteobacteria represented 38% of 299 identified taxa. The second most abundant phylum was Acidobacteria, making up 20% of the sequences, the majority of which were Acidobacteria Group 1. The phyla Actinobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes comprised 12% and 3.5% of the sequences. Other groups detected included TM7, Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes. Some clusters of Acidobacteria Group 1 were more frequent in continuous wheat versus wheat-soybean rotation, some Acidobacteria Group 2 were more frequent in no-till, and some Acidobacteria Group 4 were more frequent in wheat-soybean rotation. These results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Pyrosequencing provided taxonomic information about the overall bacterial community, and detected community shifts resulting from different cropping practices.     

捕食线虫性真菌18S rDNA基因序列与种系发生关系研究

对捕食线虫性真菌——少孢节丛孢菌A1分离株(Arthrobotrys oligospora A1)的18S rDNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明：其18S rDNA全基因序列为1769bp，在进化树上与同种国外分离株A．oligospora var oligospora 1最为接近，同源性为94．7％。这与二者都具有捕食性结构—菌网的特点相一致。证实捕食线虫性真菌的捕食性结构与捕食线虫性真菌种系发生有关。从少孢节丛孢菌3个分离菌株(Arthrobotrys oligospora A1、A．oligospora 1、A．oligospora2)的进化树及同源性来看。不同国家地区的丛孢菌属(Arthrobotrys)分离株确实存在差异。