甜瓜幼叶对UV-B辐射的响应

研究了甜瓜幼苗(正甜-2和兴农-8)在UVB辐射下叶片Rubisco、GR及蛋白水解酶活性和H2O2、ASA、GSH含量的变化.结果表明:UV-B辐射显著提高了2个甜瓜品种幼苗H2O2含量和蛋白水解酶活性,降低了Rubisco、ASA、GSH、含量,兴农-8尤为明显.ASA处理能明显促进UV-B辐射下2个品种叶片GSH的合成和H2O2的清除,同时显著抑制蛋白水解酶活性的上升及Rubisco含量的下降.结果说明:UV-B辐射诱导Rubisco含量的降低可通过高水平H2O2产生从而加强蛋白水解酶系统的活化而加速了Rubisco的降解.     

Irrigation Decreases Loss of Leaf Nitrogen and Rubisco During Pod Development in Chickpea

Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L., var. Pusa 256) plants raised under unirrigated and irrigated field conditions showed a decrease in leaf nitrogen and soluble protein content after flowering during pod development. This was found to be associated with a decrease in Rubisco content after flowering. Leaf nitrogen, soluble protein and Rubisco content, however, were higher in irrigated than in unirrigated plants. The Rubisco content at the flowering and post-flowering stages was 29.43 and 16.59 %, respectively, of leaf soluble protein in unirrigated plants. Under irrigated conditions, the Rubisco content was 49.91 and 37.99 %, respectively, at the flowering and post-flowering stages. These results therefore indicated a decrease in the mobilization of leaf nitrogen by irrigation in chickpea. The findings are discussed in relation to the decrease in seed yield and harvest index by irrigation commonly observed in this crop under north Indian conditions.     

Effects of co-overproduction of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase and Rubisco on photosynthesis in rice

Overproduction of Rubisco did not proportionately increase the rate of CO₂ assimilation (A) in rice probably because the capacity of regeneration of the substrate of Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), could not afford the increased Rubisco capacity. Since sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is thought to be one of the limiting factors of RuBP regeneration capacity, SBPase and Rubisco were co-overproduced in rice in order to improve photosynthesis. Although SBPase and Rubisco contents increased by 82–102% and 20–30%, respectively, A did not increase under the conditions of high irradiance and different [CO₂] partial pressures. Thus, co-overproduction of SBPase and Rubisco did not improve photosynthesis in rice. Overproduction and antisense suppression of SBPase did not greatly affect A at high [CO₂], although it is thought to be determined by RuBP regeneration capacity. These results strongly suggest that SBPase does not determine RuBP regeneration capacity in rice. This is likely to be the reason for the unimproved photosynthesis by co-overproduction of SBPase and Rubisco.     

高温和加富CO2温室中黄瓜Rubisco活化酶与光合作用的关系

 以温室嫁接黄瓜为试材,研究高温和加富CO₂条件下叶片净光合速率、Rubisco活性、Rubisco活化酶活性、蒸腾速率、胞间CO₂浓度的日变化规律及其相互关系。旨为高温季节温室黄瓜高产优质栽培提供理论依据和实践支持。研究结果表明：①高温 + CO₂条件下,净光合速率、Rubisco活性和Rubisco活化酶活性存在明显的光合日变化,均呈双峰曲线,存在“午休”现象,但与对照相比全天的数值明显增加,其中净光合速率在10：00、11：00、12：00、13：00、14：00和15：00时分别比对照高22%、47%、37%、27%、39%和28%;Rubisco活性在9：00、10：00、11：00、12：00、13：00、14：00和15：00时分别比对照高51%、69%、70%、42%、77%、61%和59%;RCA活性在8：00、9：00、10：00、11：00、12：00、13：00、14：00、15：00和16：00时比对照分别升高了40%、39%、23%、41%、43%、31%、60%、60%和54%;② Rubisco活化酶对光合速率的直接影响较小,其本质是调节Rubisco活性,从而影响光合作用;③高温 + CO₂可以有效提高Rubisco活化酶活力以及胞间CO₂浓度,从而提高光合速率。     

高产大豆1012与多根瘤品系0498苗期生育特性的比较

[目的]为进一步开发、利用大豆优良育种材料1012、0498提供参考。[方法]以多根瘤大豆品系0498和高产大豆品系1012为材料,比较研究了它们苗期的生育特性。[结果]在苗期,1012的株高增长比0498快,叶色值始终比0498高,单株地上部干重比0498高,单株地上部干重的增加量也比0498大,播种后30 d Rubisco含量比0498多27.5%;0498的根瘤数远比1012多,且增幅大;2个供试材料的气孔导度相差不明显。10:00～12:00时2个大豆品系的Fv/m都较大,1012的Fv/m始终比0498大。[结论]1012有较强的光合作用能力,0498具有较强的固氮潜力。     

Effect of short term cold stress on rice seedlings

A method was developed for exposing riceseedlings to low temperatures for shortperiods. These seedlings were from 70F₉ inbred lines derived originallyfrom a hybrid of a salt tolerant cultivar,which provided a source of resistance toabiotic stress, and a non salt tolerantcultivar as the other parent. Seedlingswere grown hydroponically in a warm growthroom then placed in the air above afreezing bath for 6 hours at –0.2 ^°C,–1.0 ^°C or –2.0 ^°C beforereturning them to the growth room for a7–10 day period. Seedling survival in theinbred lines of rice was compared afterexposure to these temperature treatments toidentify the presence of low temperaturetolerance. An average survival of 93%occurred 7days after exposures to –0.2, and–1.0 ^°C and a survival of 35% afteran exposure of –2.0 ^°C. The non-salttolerant parent cultivar was killed byexposure to –2.0 ^°C but the salttolerant parent survived. The effect of lowtemperature exposure was examined in moredetail in lines selected for lowtemperature tolerance and susceptibility.Alterations to the total leaf proteinprofile, including fragmentation ofRubisco, were observed in these lines butno obvious difference was detected betweensusceptible and tolerant individuals.