ArcGIS在森林火灾预防预测中的运用

在森林防火资源配置系统研发中,基于GIS(地理信息系统)基础平台建立了管理信息系统,其中GIS的基本理论与技术为本系统的建立提供了有效的技术支撑.ArcGIS实现了协同GIS、三维GIS、时空GIS、一体化GIS云GIS等五大飞跃,ArcGIS运用到森林防火中更加直观和逼真,给森林火灾预防预测工作提供了高效、精确、便利的帮助.     

An optimal equivalent subchannel algorithm for low voltage power line communication system

According to the low voltage power line channel features,combined with adaptive bit loading and power allocation algorithm,an optimal equivalent subchannel algorithm is proposed.Under the condition of fixed amount of transmitted bits and the minimum transmitted power model,impact of optimal equivalent subchannel on the system performance is studied.The optimization algorithm sorts subchannels with similar transmission features into groups,thus the signaling load can be reduced,and the spectrum can be better used.The simulation results show that system can get lower bit error rate(BER) by adopting optimal equivalent subchannel algorithm.     

DROUGHT STRESS: Soil Water Availability Alters the Inter‐ and Intra‐Cultivar Competition of Three Spring Wheat Cultivars Bred in Different Eras

Competition for water generates a classic aspect of the tragedy of the commons, the ‘race for fish’, where crops must allocate more resource to acquisition of the limiting resource than is optimal for crop yield allocation. A pot experiment using a simple additive (target–neighbour) design was conducted to examine the above‐ground and below‐ground growth of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars when grown alone and in mixtures at three levels of water availability. The effects of competition and water availability were compared by observing patterns of growth, biomass allocation and below‐ground outcomes. Competitive interactions were investigated among cultivars ‘HST’, ‘GY602’ and ‘LC8275’, target plant of each cultivar grown without neighbouring plants are referred to herein as control plant and one target plant of each cultivar sown surrounded either by same or another cultivar as intra‐ or inter‐cultivar competition. Competitive ability was assessed as the response ratio (lnRR) between the target plant surrounded by six other plants and the target plant in isolation. Our results showed that the cultivar ‘HST’, released over a century ago, produced a higher biomass and grain yield than the more recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ when grown as isolated plants with sufficient water supply. However, competition for resources from neighbours led to target plant biomass and grain yield being significantly reduced relative to controls in all three cultivars, particularly in ‘HST’. When subjected to intra‐cultivar competition, the two recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ had higher grain yields and water use efficiency for grain than ‘HST’ in all three water regimes. The landrace ‘HST’ had better and significantly linear relationships between biomass and biomass allocation, root length and specific root length, whereas the recent and modern cultivars had much more water‐related species‐specific changes in root morphology and allocation patterns. These results suggest that crop traits that influence competitive ability, such as biomass allocation to roots and root plasticity in response to drought have changed in modern wheat cultivars because of breeding and selection.     

Optimal allocation of resources in evaluating current sunflower inbred lines for resistance to Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major limiting factor for sunflower (Helianthus annuus) production. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate a large number of current sunflower lines for their reaction to Sclerotinia, and (2) determine the optimum allocation of resources for their selection. A set of 85 inbred lines was screened under artificial leaf infection in three environments. The test revealed ample variation for all resistance traits in the current germplasm. A line selected from NDBLOS, an oilseed sunflower germplasm poo, and its derivatives were most resistant to Sclerotinia. Lines derived from interspecific crosses with the wild species Helianthus tuberosus and Helianthus argophyllus also showed satisfactory Sclerotinia resistance. The evaluation of five plants per plot in two replications and four environments appears to be a reasonable allocation of resources in order to optimize the selection response.     

基于线性规划的耕作层土壤剥离利用空间配置方法研究

以广西壮族自治区宾阳县为例,以待剥离土壤空间分布及回覆利用优先级分析为基础,以村庄为单位划定供需圈,探讨基于线性规划的耕作层土壤剥离利用空间配置方法。结果表明,宾阳县理论可剥离耕作层土壤2.40×106m3,整治需求1.85×107m3,耕作层土壤供给远小于需求,并且在空间上分布不均衡;依据覆土效益优先的原则,确定回覆区优先级,提出剥离耕作层土壤空间配置方案,即城乡建设用地增减挂钩利用5.235 2×104m3、土地开发复垦利用1.446 637×106m3、旱改水利用3.327 38×105m3、高标准基本农田建设利用1.042 804×106m3;利用供需圈及线性规划模型将宾阳县划分为7个供需圈,剥离土壤按回覆优先级从高到低逐步利用,加权平均运距为5 369 m,回覆效益良好,经济成本可接受。以村为单位划定供需圈、线性规划优化土壤剥离利用空间配置的方法,可以优化利用方式、缩短运输距离,进而提高效益与效率,可为其他区域实施耕作层剥离利用工作提供方法借鉴。     

基于MIKE BASIN的汕尾市水资源优化配置

在对汕尾市水文水资源情况调查分析基础上,基于MIKE BASIN数字平台构建了汕尾市水资源优化配置模拟模型。采用四级流域套县为计算单元,以河流、水库和山塘为供水水源,对基准年与规划水平年(2020年)在不同保证率下、不同需水推荐方案和供水推荐方案情况下,分别进行水资源供需平衡分析,从而使得城镇生活用水、农村生活用水、工业用水和农业灌溉用水及生态用水获得优化配置,以满足汕尾市规划水平年各类需水要求。     

安徽省驷马山引江灌溉工程水价制度研究

结合该工程的实际情况 ,在全面分析工程现行水价制度存在的主要问题的基础上 ,扼要讨论了工程的理论水价计算 ,对驷马山引江工程水价征收办法进行了较深入的研究。     

基于模糊几何加权模型的灌区水资源优化配置

针对农业水资源优化配置中多目标赋权的不确定性问题,以黑龙江省绰尔屯灌区为研究区域,构建了基于模糊几何加权法的灌区水资源优化配置模型,把多目标规划问题转化为单目标非线性问题,得到了不同权重下不同生育期的灌区水资源最佳配置方案,并通过灌区综合能力评价体系进行比选.结果表明：通过与线性多目标模糊规划模型的对比,模糊几何加权模型可以根据实际情况对不同目标的权重进行调整,得出该条件下的灌区水资源最佳配置方案;当灌水量权重为0.3和经济权重为0.7时为最优方案,水稻产值为8 245万元,分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、乳熟期的灌水量分别为1 154.56万、779.12万、539.45万、336.57万m³.验证了模糊几何加权法在灌区水资源优化配置的可行性应用,为灌区农业水资源高效利用提供参考方案和决策支持.     

基于地理信息系统MapGIS的农机调度分配优化研究

为了提高多农机联合作业的效率,使农机在农忙时节能够高效地完成作业任务,基于地理信息系统MapGIS技术构建了农机调度分配优化系统,并利用云平台技术构建了调度系统的基本框架,设计了农机调度分配的动态显示可视化系统,有效提高了农机的现代化管理水平.以相同面积的农作物作业为研究对象,对采用农机调度优化系统前后的作业效率进行了...     

基于区间两阶段鲁棒优化模型的灌区水资源优化配置

为避免由灌区水资源配置系统存在的诸多不确定因素导致的配水过程风险性,在区间两阶段随机规划方法的基础上加入了鲁棒优化方法,构建区间两阶段鲁棒优化模型,引入鲁棒系数表示系统风险,将系统风险体现在模型中,克服了系统风险不可控的不足。以三江平原牡丹江灌区为例,对灌区水资源进行优化配置,得到灌区多水源、多作物、不同鲁棒系数下的配水目标。结果表明:随着鲁棒系数增大,导致缺水量增加,系统稳定性增强,但成本也随之增加,系统经济性降低;当鲁棒系数为3时,缺水量不再增加,系统达到稳定的状态,此时系统的成本在[1. 903 27×10~9,2. 634 75×10~9]元之间变化。优化结果可为决策者提供决策空间,为农业水资源的合理配置提供技术支持。