The dynamism fish-plant association: Ontogenetic variations in assemblage attributes in neotropical floodplain lakes

Structural habitat complexity provided by macrophytes is expected to increase richness and abundance of fish species. However, this topic is rarely investigated simultaneously at different periods of fish development. We sampled fish within macrophyte stands and in non-vegetated areas at floodplain lakes and tested the hypothesis that the presence of macrophytes increases abundance and species richness of fish, in addition to changes in species composition, at different periods of fish development. Our findings demonstrated that, in different period of fish development, the highest values of fish species richness and abundance were found at sites colonised by macrophytes. Similarly, changes in fish species composition were observed between habitats colonised by macrophytes and non-vegetated areas. Therefore, the results demonstrate that macrophyte presence plays an important role in regulating fish community structure at different periods of fish development.     

黄龙病对柑橘叶际微生物组的影响

为明确柑橘叶际微生物组对黄龙病发生的响应规律，采用荧光定量PCR技术检测采集柑橘叶片感染黄龙病菌的情况，通过扩增子测序分析法对PCR检测结果为阴性和阳性叶片的微生物群落进行比较，并通过相关性分析和网络分析对黄龙病菌和叶际微生物的相关性进行解析。结果显示，夏季采集的柑橘叶片中黄龙病菌的检出率为7.5%，而到秋季黄龙病菌的检出率上升到32.3%。黄龙病的发生显著改变了柑橘叶际细菌群落的组成和结构，对于细菌类群的丰度也有一定影响；而对叶际真菌群落的组成和结构无显著影响。黄龙病菌与叶际细菌存在普遍的负相关关系，正相关关系相对较少但相关性更强。黄龙病菌可能通过与厌氧棍状菌Anaerotruncus sp.、梭菌Clostridiales sp.、假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.、鞘脂单胞菌Sphingomonas sp.、毛螺菌Lachnospiraceae sp.和链球菌Streptococcus sp.的负向互作对柑橘叶际整个细菌群落产生负影响。表明黄龙病发生对柑橘叶际真菌和细菌群落的影响规律不同，同时黄龙病菌可能通过与几种主要细菌的负向互作来实现对叶际微生物组的影响。     

海水pH变动对东白令海渔业资源丰度变动的影响

海洋酸化对海洋物种资源变动的影响是当下人们关注的热点问题。白令海有着丰富的渔业资源,海域受到海洋酸化的风险较大。为此,研究基于1982-2014年东白令海大陆架底层拖网的调查数据,结合海水pH数据,利用动态回归模型对其中鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物的资源变动进行探究。通过模型分析,发现目前鱼类、软体动物和甲壳类各有40.63%、36.8%和33.33%的种类的资源丰度变动受到海水pH变动的影响；模拟和预测分析表明,pH变动对各物种资源丰度的影响存在种类的特异性,其中对软体动物(不包含头足类)和甲壳类均易产生负的影响；物种资源丰度在pH下降时的反应不同(包含了上升、下降和先上升后下降三种)；pH的变动可通过直接的升高或降低以及改变物种适宜栖息地范围等方式对渔业资源丰度产生影响。研究发现,仅单独分析pH对物种的影响是不够的,后续还应结合食物网、物种生活史等进行系统分析。该研究表明,海洋酸化会对不同渔业种类的资源丰度产生影响,可为资源可持续开发和利用提供参考。