青杨脊虎天牛风险评估

青杨脊虎天牛是一种危害杨树、柳树等多种阔叶树的蛀干性害虫，在我国东北局部地区造成了严重的危害。通过适生性分析和风险评估认为该虫属于中度危险的林业有害生物，对我国北方地区的杨树生态林、速生丰产林构成较大的威胁，建议对该虫加强检疫管理。     

7株绿僵菌防治德国小蠊的毒力筛选

本文用7个绿僵菌(Metarhizium)菌株对德国小蠊Blattella germanica(Linnaeus) 进行注射生测,筛选出了一个致病菌株进行五代复壮选育。该株绿僵菌Metarhizitun anisopliae (Metsch)Sorokin复壮前对雌雄成虫注射生测LD50依次为13.2与8.9天;复壮后对雌雄成虫背部点滴生测12天的LDm值均为1.3×10~5孢子/虫。通过CP包埋剂制作石蜡切片对僵虫体内菌丝核和体表孢子堆进行了观察。     

Molecular cloning,characterization and expression analysis of glucose transporters from Rachycentron canadum

It is very necessary to clarify the mechanism of carbohydrate metabolism in fish due to their poor ability to utilize carbohydrates. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are important carriers involved in glucose transport across the plasma membrane, which is the first rate‐limiting step of carbohydrate metabolism. In this study, five glucose transporters (RcGLUT1, RcGLUT2, RcGLUT3, RcGLUT5 and RcGLUT9) were obtained from Rachycentron canadum. The complete cDNAs open reading frames (ORF) of RcGLUT1, RcGLUT2, RcGLUT3, RcGLUT5 and RcGLUT9 were 1,476 bp, 1,530 bp, 1,551 bp, 1,539 bp and 1,578 bp (GenBank accession no. MK560257 , MK560258 , MH184460 , MH184461 and MH184462 ), encoding 491, 509, 516, 512 and 525 amino acid (aa) residues respectively. All five RcGLUTs contained a Sugar_tr domain, which is an important feature of the GLUT gene family. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic relationship analyses showed that RcGLUTs were highly conserved and homologous from fish to mammals. Examination of tissue distribution showed that RcGLUTs were expressed constitutively in R. canadum. RcGLUT1‐5 and RcGLUT9 had the highest expression in the foregut, kidneys, haemocytes, muscles, liver and heart respectively. All six RcGLUTs first increased to peak levels of expression and then reduced both in the liver and muscle after fasting. The exception is that the expression levels of RcGLUT4 and RcGLUT5 in muscle were significantly lower than the control. In response to hypoxia, only RcGLUT2 in the liver and muscle and RcGLUT9 in muscle were expressed at a significantly lower level relative to the control. In sum, all RcGLUTs in the liver and muscles showed significant changes in response to fasting and hypoxia, suggesting that GLUT genes may play a role in the response to common physiological stresses.     

鱼体内环境激素ＤＭＰ和ＤＥＰ的检测方法

建立同时检测鲫(Carassuys auratus Linnaeus)血浆和肌肉中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)的高效液相色谱方法,进行初步的代谢动力学研究.血浆样品经液-液萃取,肌肉样品经液-液萃取和固相小柱处理后,以乙腈:水= 40:60(V/V)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,采用SHIMADZU ODS柱(150 mm×4.6 mm; i.d., 5 μm)色谱柱分离.测定鲫经口染毒后血浆和肌肉中DMP和DEP的浓度.结果表明,标准曲线线性范围为0.05～10.0 μg/mL,线性关系良好(r>0.99),定量限为0.05 μg/mL,回收率95%以上,日内变异系数和日间变异系数均低于15%.经口染毒48 h内,鲫血浆和肌肉中均能检测到DMP和DEP的残留.该法操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,已经初步用于鲫血浆和肌肉中DMP和DEP的代谢动力学和残留研究.     

军曹鱼消化系统胚后发育的组织学研究

本文利用连续石蜡切片方法对军曹鱼消化系统胚后发育（1～29日龄）进行了光镜观察。结果表明食道前部内侧纵行肌纤维发达,后部球形粘液细胞更丰富;胃腺的分化较晚,在仔鱼后期(即出膜后8天)才见胃腺细胞团。胃幽门部无胃腺,但具发达的肌层。肠上皮的纹状缘出现较早,1日龄时就可见,而且发育较快,3日龄时很发达。 肠后段黏液细胞明显多于前段和中段。肝脏发育较早,但16日龄仔鱼才开始贮存脂质。胰腺为弥散型,2日龄出现。军曹鱼这些结构特点的变化是与其摄食、消化、吸收的功能相适应的,而且,军曹鱼的摄食方式以及食性也随着消化系统的发育而变化。     

饲料n-3/n-6脂肪酸比值对军曹鱼生长及鱼体组织脂肪酸组成的影响

以精制鲽鱼油和豆油分别作为n-3及n-6系列脂肪酸源,配制5种不同n-3/n-6脂肪酸比值的饲料,进行连续8周饲喂军曹鱼幼鱼试验。结果表明,当饲料中的n-3/n-6脂肪酸比值为2.57时,军曹鱼的增重率和饲料效率最高;饲料中不同n-3/n-6脂肪酸比值对军曹鱼血清5项生理指标的影响不显著,但随着n-3/n-6脂肪酸比值的降低,血清中的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、胆固醇含量表现出下降趋势;饲料中n-3、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量,与军曹鱼肌肉和肝脏的n-3、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量呈正相关。统计分析表明,军曹鱼饲料中适宜的n-3、n-6脂肪酸比例为2.98∶1。     

苏云金杆菌亚致死浓度对绿豆象种群繁殖的影响

为明确苏云金芽孢杆菌对绿豆象[Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus)]种群繁殖力的影响,采用浸渍绿豆法对绿豆象成虫开展室内生测。结果显示：苏云金杆菌的剂量分别为80.0 IU/mg、53.3 IU/mg、32.0 IU/mg、26.7 IU/mg、20.0 IU/mg时,绿豆象成虫的致死率依次表现为95.56%、70.00%、36.67%、21.11%、7.78%,其毒力回归方程为y=0.38x+2.91。苏云金杆菌亚致死剂量LC₁₀、LC₃₀、LC₅₀可明显缩短绿豆象成虫的寿命、抑制雌成虫的产卵能力。亚致死剂量处理组绿豆象种群的净增值率、内禀增长率和周限增长率的值均低于对照组,亚致死剂量处理组种群的加倍时间显著延长。由此可见,苏云金杆菌对绿豆象有较好的杀虫效果,亚致死剂量对绿豆象种群的发育有明显的抑制作用。     

军曹鱼对营养物质的需求

军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)俗称海鲡,又称海龙鱼、海竺鱼、竹五、海于草、锡腊白等,属鲈形目、鲈亚目、军曹鱼科、军曹鱼属.军曹鱼是近年来发展迅速的一种近岸网箱养殖鱼类,广泛分布于除东太平洋以外的热带亚热带等水温较高的海域[1].我国沿海亦有分布,但产量较低.     

军曹鱼池塘人工育苗技术的初步研究

在池塘进行军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum人工育苗研究,通过解剖消化肠道以确定仔鱼开口的生物饵料种类。结果显示,个体较大的桡足类无节幼体比轮虫更适合作为军曹鱼仔鱼的开口饵料;对体长和体重进行测定,军曹鱼在鱼塘进行人工育苗,鱼苗生长迅速,7日龄的仔鱼体长达1cm,30d的鱼苗可长至15cm。     

文蛤吸虫寄生病的组织病理学观察

报道了吸虫在文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)体内的寄生情况以及所引起的组织病理学变化。观察表明,该吸虫是以胚细胞方式繁殖,幼虫经历胞蚴阶段,发育成尾蚴。其寄生情况与寄生于其他双壳贝类的一些吸虫相似,均是以生殖腺为主要侵占部位,少部分则进入附近的消化盲囊、鳃、外套膜、足等,消化道中未发现其存在。已被感染的消化盲囊、外套膜等器官组织出现上皮细胞脱落或崩解,肌纤维排列紊乱或溶解,黏液细胞增生等病理症状。观察发现,寄生虫不仅破坏已感染的组织,未感染部位的组织也呈现一定的病理学变化,最终导致宿主因器官衰竭、功能丧失而死亡。