试论呼市地区园林植物五小害虫的发展状况和防治策略

本文在实地调查和试验研究的基础上，系统地分析了呼市地区园林植物五小害虫的发展状况，在初步查清主要危害虫种及其生物学特性基础上，提出了加强植物检疫，利用，保护天敌，加强生物防治的研究，适时采用物理防治方法，合理科学地应用化学防治法的综合防治策略，对化学杀虫剂的选择，使用浓度，施药时间和次数提出了科学有效的试验依据。     

低压配电系统中漏电的火灾危险性及其技术防范措施

低压配电系统中漏电产生的电流和电压等均可引起火灾,指出漏电仍是导致电气火灾的重要原因之一,并提出漏电的技术防范措施。     

林业专题图数字水印版权保护研究

针对林业专题图制作过程复杂、成本高、迫切需要进行版权保护的问题,分析了JPEG图像压缩的不变属性,在此基础上提出了一种DCT域数字水印算法,该算法将水印信息嵌入到JPEG格式的林业专题图像的中高频系数当中。结果表明：因为水印信息是嵌入在中高频系数上,所以不仅嵌入的水印信息不可感知性良好,而且水印的嵌入容量也有所增加;即使对加密林业专题图进行有损压缩时使用高于预设值的质量因子,此算法仍然能够完全一致地提取出嵌入的水印信息,并且对各种噪声干扰都具有较好的鲁棒性。     

西部大开发中的耕地问题探讨

西部开发是协调我国地区经济发展的重大战略，西部的开发和建设将带来耕地数量的减少和耕地质量的退化，针对这些问题，提出了应该如何保护耕地的对策。     

几种保苗剂防治棉蚜效果及其对棉花出苗保苗综合效应的研究

在防治棉蚜的田间小区试验中,保苗剂９号和１号处理棉种（药剂∶种子＝１∶５０,下同）防治效果最好,维持８９．１％以上的防效达３０ｄ;其次为保苗剂８号,３０ｄ平均防效为７７．９％;保苗剂２号对棉蚜无效。４种保苗剂处理棉种对棉花安全,其出苗率和保苗效果均显著高于对照。温室外试验结果表明：不同温度和湿度对包衣棉种出苗率和保苗效果的影响很大。不同温度条件下,土壤湿度在１９．８４％～１９．９６％时的出苗率远远低于对照;平均温度为１３．３℃,土壤湿度为２７．５６％时,经种衣剂２４号处理的棉种的出苗率、保苗效果最好;土壤湿度为２４．６５％时,保苗剂９号处理的出苗率保苗效果较好。平均温度为２１．２℃,土壤湿度为２２．７５％时,种衣剂２４号和保苗剂９号处理的出苗率较高,保苗效果是对照的１．０６～１．１６倍。另外,还采用了新的统计方法来评价持效期较长的保苗剂的防虫效果     

Nodulation and nitrogen fixation of Lupinus species with Bradyrhizobium (lupin) strains in iron-deficient soil

 The effect of six Bradyrhizobium sp. (lupin) strains (WPBS 3201D, WPBS 3211D, USDA 3040, USDA 3041, USDA 3042 and CB 2272) and Fe supply on nodulation, N₂-fixation and growth of three lupin species (Lupinus termis, L. albus and L. triticale) grown under Fe deficiency in an alkaline soil, were examined in sterilized and non-sterilized pot experiments. When inoculated with USDA 3040, 3041, 3042 and CB2272 without Fe addition, the three lupin species had a very low nodule number and mass, low shoot and root dry matter accumulation and lower N yield. However, inoculation with WPBS 3201D and 3211D without Fe treatments increased all these parameters substantially. The ability of WPBS 3201D and 3211D to form nodules on the three lupin species under conditions of Fe stress could be attributed to their ability to scavenge Fe from Fe-deficient environments through their siderophore production. Addition of Fe to the other four strains significantly increased nodulation and N₂-fixation of the three lupin species, indicating that the poorer nodulation and N₂-fixation of these strains in the absence of Fe, resulted from a low ability to obtain Fe from alkaline soils. Bradyrhizobium strains WPBS 3201D and 3211D were superior to the other four strains in terms of promoting greater nodulation, N₂-fixation, plant growth and N accumulation of L. termis and L. albus. However, the other four strains were more efficient in symbiotic association with L. triticale. The greater variations in nodule efficiencies (specific nitrogenase activity) under different levels of Fe supply could be attributed to the quantities of bacteroid protein and leghaemoglobin in the nodules. The results suggested that Bradyrhizobium (lupin) strains differ greatly in their ability to obtain Fe from alkaline soils, and that the selection of bradyrhizobial strains which are tolerant of Fe deficient soils could complement plant breeding for the selection of legume crops for Fe-deficient soils. Received: 5 January 1998     

植物化学保护学全程研究式实验课教学的实践与思考

通过"全程研究式实验课教学模式"取代传统的验证式教学模式改革,旨在激发学生学习积极性,培养学生的探索习惯和创新思维能力,满足现代本科人才培养质量的要求。本文在两年实验课教学改革实践的基础上,阐述"全程研究式实验课教学"模式的结构及其教学过程,系统地分析该教学模式对提高现代人才培养质量的意义,并通过问卷调查和个别访问相结合的方式,提出了进一步完善"全程研究式实验课教学模式"的建议和措施。实践表明,这种教学模式对于调动学生学习积极性,理解和掌握课程基础理论和基础知识,提高学生动手能力及创新思维能力,都具有非常重要的作用。     

为跨世纪土壤学的发展作出新贡献──第15届国际土壤学会会议综述

本文介绍了第１５届国际土壤学会会议概况及土壤学跨世纪的发展趋势，并对土壤学跨世纪所面临的任务作了综合分析，提出了新的见解。     

Expression of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Isoform 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Showing High Antimicrobial Activity

Antimicrobial peptides are a class of proteins with antibacterial functions. In this study, the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 gene (ALFPm3), encoding an antimicrobial peptide from Penaeus monodon with a super activity was expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which would develop a microalga strain that can be used for the antimicrobial peptide production. To construct the expression cluster, namely pH2A-Pm3, the codon optimized ALFPm3 gene was fused with the ble reporter by 2A peptide and inserted into pH124 vector. The glass-bead method was performed to transform pH2A-Pm3 into C. reinhardtii CC-849. In addition to 8 μg/mL zeocin resistance selection, the C. reinhardtii transformants were further confirmed by genomic PCR and RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that the C. reinhardtii-derived ALFPm3 (cALFPm3) was successfully expressed in C. reinhardtii transformants and accounted for 0.35% of the total soluble protein (TSP). Furthermore, the results of antibacterial assay revealed that the cALFPm3 could significantly inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria, including both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria at a concentration of 0.77 μM. Especially, the inhibition could last longer than 24 h, which performed better than ampicillin. Hence, this study successfully developed a transgenic C. reinhardtii strain, which can produce the active ALFPm3 driven from P. monodon, providing a potential strategy to use C. reinhardtii as the cell factory to produce antimicrobial peptides.     

5种杀虫剂的烟青虫防治效果研究

５种杀虫剂对烟青虫的毒力试验表明：质量分数为８０％～８３％的高效氯氰菊酯和８６．７％的氰戊菊酯分别稀释２０００和１０００倍对烟青虫的防治效果较好,ＬＧ５０分别为０．０３２２ｕｇ．头＾－１和０．０５８２ｕｇ．头＾－１,久效磷和乙酰甲胺磷稀释１０００倍的效果次之,吡虫啉效果最差。