Seismic behavior of reinforced-concrete and steel reinforced concrete ultra short columns

进行了4个钢筋混凝土(RC)超短柱、4个型钢混凝土(SRC)超短柱和6个RC分体柱的滞回性能试验研究.8个超短柱的剪跨比为1;6个分体柱的剪跨比为2.4.试验结果表明,RC超短柱的变形能力不满足现行抗震规范要求.不设剪力连接件的SRC超短柱的破坏模式为黏结破坏,与RC超短柱相比,其抗剪承载力和变形能力并无明显提高;设置剪力连接件的SRC超短柱的破坏模式为斜压破坏,其抗剪承载力和变形能力显著提高,但构件的变形能力仍然难以满足现行抗震规范要求.试验结果还表明,在RC超短柱中开缝,形成剪跨比大于2的RC分体柱,可有效提高柱子的延性和变形能力.对于RC分体柱,随轴压比的提高,构件的抗弯承载力提高,但延性和变形能力下降;当设计轴压比大于0.7时,RC分体柱的变形能力不满足现行抗震规范要求.根据试验结果,提出了SRC超短柱的剪力连接件设计方法和RC分体柱的设计建议.     

Single and Interactive Effects of Temperature and Light Quality on Four Canola Cultivars

Combined effects of temperature and light quality on plants have received little attention. We investigated the single and interactive effects of temperature and light quality on growth and physiological characteristics of four canola (Brassica napus) cultivars – Clearfield 46A76 (cv₁), Clearfield 45H72 (cv₂), Roundup Ready 45H24 (cv₃) and Roundup Ready 45H21 (cv₄). Plants were grown under lower (24°/20 °C) and higher (30°/26 °C) temperature regimes at low red/far‐red (R/FR), normal R/FR and high R/FR light ratios in environment‐controlled growth chambers (16 h light/8 h dark). Higher temperature reduced stem height and diameter; leaf number and area; dry matter of all plant parts; and specific leaf weight, but increased leaf area ratio; and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (Y). Low R/FR increased stem height; Y; and ethylene, but decreased stem diameter; F_v/F_m; Chl a; Chl b; and carotenoids. Among cultivars, plants from cv₄ were tallest with thickest stems and greatest dry matter. None of the main factors affected gas exchange. Higher temperature at high R/FR caused cv₃ to be shortest, whereas lower temperature at low R/FR caused cv₄ to be tallest. We conclude that heat and other stress factors will adversely affect sensitive crops, but tolerant genotypes should perform well under future climate.     

陕西安康烟区生育期气候综合指数对烤烟化学成分的影响

为了明确烤烟不同生育期气候资源对烟叶品质的贡献率，以陕西安康烟区2002—2011年气象资料和烟叶化学成分为材料，采用主成分分析法，对烤烟不同生育期的平均温度、降水量和日照时数进行分析，构建不同生育期的气候综合指数(CCI)；采用相关分析、通径分析和决策分析对各生育期CCI与烟叶化学成分的关系进行分析。结果表明：不同生育期CCI对烟碱含量的影响以采烤前期最大，旺长期最小，对采烤前期的影响主要为直接作用；对烟叶总糖含量的影响以采烤后期最大，采烤前期最小，对采烤后期的影响主要为直接作用和通过旺长期的间接作用；对烟叶糖碱比的影响以采烤后期最大，旺长期最小，采烤后期的影响主要为直接作用和通过采烤前期的间接作用。     

基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统

针对传统作物生长环境数据获取手段实时性差、劳动强度大以及部署微型自动气象站和商用Zigbee产品成本高、开放性较差等问题，设计并实现了一种基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统。提出了轻量级的能量感知路由协议CLFP，并给出了软硬件的相关设计方法。仿真和大田试验结果表明，系统温度采集精度最高可达0.01 ℃，测湿精度达±5%，光强采集范围为1~65 535 lx，可并发的数据传输达到36路，可满足农业现场环境数据的较高测量要求。在标称电源供电情况下，系统实际有效生存周期超过142 d，由于采用AT89C51和nRF2401作为基础硬件平台，成本低廉，有助于大规模部署和应用。     

生产力促进中心咨询诊断服务的SWOT分析

生产力促进中心自建设发展以来，形成了多样化的服务业务。其中，咨询诊断服务不断衍化发展，已经成为服务中小企业的重要手段，积累了一定的优势，也存在着劣势。面对科技服务业迅猛发展的态势，生产力促进中心开展咨询诊断服务面临机遇与挑战并存的局面，通过基于SWOT分析法构建的评价模型，明确主要影响因素，进而推演出下一步发展的具体路径。     

一种新颖的阳离子非病毒基因载体 Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH 的性能研究

研究了新型阳离子聚合物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的性能，重点考察其粒度，基因转染效率与细胞毒性，探讨了其作为基因载体的可能性.通过动态光散射仪（DSL）、透射电镜（TEM）观察了Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH与DNA自组装形成的颗粒形态及粒径，Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH可复合DNA形成粒径160～210 nm的纳米复合物，适合进入细胞.使用MTT比色法分析Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH的毒性并与PEI，PEI-g-PEG-OH比较.选用增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP) 转染Hela细胞，应用流式细胞术检测转染效率.新型阳离子多聚物Chitosan-g-PEI-g-PEG-OH在提高基因转染效率的同时降低了其细胞毒性，有望成为基因转移的有效载体.     

An experimental study of charcoal degradation in a boreal forest

Degradation rates of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) under natural environmental conditions are largely unknown. Here we present results from a field experiment monitoring the change in mass, C- and N concentrations of a variety of charcoal types in a Norwegian boreal forest over a period of 20 months. The charcoal types represent different feedstock tree species, production temperature regimes, and placements in the forest, i.e. above ground, in the humus layer or in contact with the mineral subsoil. The types of charcoal had different initial C concentrations mainly depending on their production temperature. Nevertheless, all types of charcoal at all placements in the forest showed an initial drop in their C concentrations, which subsequently rose back to reach near initial values in part of the charcoal types. In part of the charcoal types, N concentrations decreased throughout the experiment, exhibiting considerable variation among feedstock species, production temperature regime, and placements in the forest. C/N ratios rose especially in charcoal made from wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and charcoal that had been stored in contact with the mineral subsoil showed the most rapid mass gain. Our results confirm the important influence of production temperature and feedstock type on the degradation of charcoal, but they also show that microbial activity and environmental conditions play significant roles in charcoal degradation and thus for the fate of pyrogenic carbon under natural conditions.     

Bacterial community analysis of purulent material from liver abscesses of crossbred cattle and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin

Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are polymicrobial infections. Culture-based studies have identified Fusobacterium necrophorum as the primary causative agent, but a number of other bacterial species are frequently isolated. The incidence of liver abscesses is highly variable and is affected by a number of factors, including cattle type. Holstein steers raised for beef production have a higher incidence than crossbred feedlot cattle. Tylosin is the commonly used antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses. The objective of this study was to utilize 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequence analyses to analyze the bacterial community composition of purulent material of liver abscesses of crossbred cattle (n = 24) and Holstein steers (n = 24), each fed finishing diet with or without tylosin. DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The minimum, mean, and maximum sequence reads per sample were 996, 177,070, and 877,770, respectively, across all the liver abscess samples. Sequence analyses identified 5 phyla, 14 families, 98 genera, and 102 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) in the 4 treatment groups. The dominant phyla identified were Fusobacteria (52% of total reads) and Proteobacteria (33%). Of the top 25 genera identified, 17 genera were Gram negative and 8 were Gram positive. The top 3 genera, which accounted for 75% of the total reads, in the order of abundance, were Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bacteroides. The relative abundance, expressed as percent of total reads, of phyla, family, and genera did not differ (P > 0.05) between the 4 treatment groups. Generic richness and evenness, determined by Shannon–Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices, respectively, did not differ between the groups. The UniFrac distance matrices data revealed no clustering of the ASV indicating variance between the samples within each treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis at the genus level indicated a strong association of Fusobacterium with 15 other genera, and not all of them have been previously isolated from liver abscesses. In conclusion, the culture-independent method identified the bacterial composition of liver abscesses as predominantly Gram negative and Fusobacterium as the dominant genus, followed by Pseudomonas. The bacterial community composition did not differ between crossbred and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin.     

鸡繁殖性能近交衰退相关CpG岛差异甲基化基因的筛选

鸡繁殖性能近交衰退是地方鸡遗传资源活体保种过程中面临的重要问题之一,本研究旨在探讨全基因组CpG岛（CpG island,CGI）区DNA甲基化在鸡繁殖性能近交衰退中的作用。分别从狼山鸡高近交组和低近交组中各选取健康母鸡3只,即试验分2个组,每组3个重复,然后采用全基因组重亚硫酸盐测序（WGBS）技术,检测分析两组个体性腺轴组织（包括卵巢和下丘脑）全基因组DNA甲基化差异,筛选差异甲基化区域（DMRs）,并对CpG岛区差异甲基化基因进行功能注释和富集分析。结果表明,狼山鸡高近交组和低近交组比较,其卵巢和下丘脑基因组整体甲基化水平均不存在显著差异（P>0.05）;高、低近交组间差异甲基化区域检测发现,下丘脑和卵巢中分别检测到5 948和4 593个差异甲基化区域,其中1 798和995个差异甲基化区域位于基因组CpG岛区,分别注释到1 020和552个基因;下丘脑中,这些CpG岛区差异甲基化基因显著富集在信号转导、神经系统发育、生殖系统发育和卵母细胞成熟调控等繁殖相关的GO条目,以及转化生长因子β信号通路、乙型肝炎、脂肪酸代谢、胰岛素信号通路等19条KEGG信号通路（P<0.05）;卵巢中,CpG岛区差异甲基化基因显著富集于12条信号通路（P<0.05）,包括慢性骨髓白血病、流感A、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、粘着连接等,一些与卵子发育和性激素分泌相关的信号通路也被富集到,如黄体酮介导的卵母细胞成熟、卵母细胞减数分裂、GnRH信号通路、雌激素信号通路等,其中包含CDC27、ADCY8、AKT3等10个差异甲基化基因。因此,本研究在狼山鸡高、低近交组间检测到了大量差异甲基化区域,并发现大量差异甲基化基因与繁殖性状相关,推测这些基因CpG岛区DNA甲基化可能在狼山鸡繁殖性能近交衰退调控中发挥重要作用,研究结果为进一步深入探索鸡繁殖性能近交衰退调控机制奠定了基础,为物种资源保护和家禽育种工作提供了理论参考依据。     

线粒体DNA在先天性免疫中的作用

线粒体是细胞内重要的细胞器,具有多种功能,是细胞的能量工厂。线粒体含有自己的遗传物质线粒体DNA,线粒体DNA因其在氧化磷酸化中的作用而广为人知。近年来,越来越多的研究表明线粒体DNA可作为先天性免疫系统的激动剂,并在病原体感染和炎性疾病的病理发展中起重要作用。线粒体DNA在进入细胞质或细胞外环境后,可以激活多种先天性免疫系统的模式识别受体,从而触发促炎细胞因子分泌和Ⅰ型干扰素反应。因此,本文就线粒体DNA激活先天性免疫的机制以及其在病原体感染和相关疾病发生发展中的作用进行讨论、总结,以期为进一步深入开展线粒体DNA在病原体感染及相关疾病中的作用及其机制研究提供理论依据。