Untersuchungen zum endophytischen Befall von Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg in geernteten Stangen von Spargel (Asparagus officinalis L.)

Zusammenfassung Erstmalig wurden mit den vorliegenden Untersuchungen Spargelstangen zur Haupterntezeit auf endophytischen Pilzbefall untersucht. Sie zeigen, dass im Ernteprodukt zwar Fusarium proliferatum als potenzieller Mykotoxinbildner zu finden ist. Eine mögliche natürliche Kontamination mit Fumonisinen bestätigte sich nicht. Von den mit F. proliferatum infizierten Stangen wies nur eine Stange mit grau-rosa-orange farbenen Gewebeveränderungen an der Basis sichtbare Symptome auf. Allgemeine Rückschlüsse auf eine mögliche Gefährdung oder Nichtgefährdung des Verbrauchers beim Verzehr von mit F. proliferatum kontaminierten, symptomlosen Stangen können aus der Analyse nicht gezogen werden. Hierzu müssen weitergehende Untersuchungen zur Wirt-Pathogen-Interaktion erfolgen und die phänotypischen und genotypischen Einflussfaktoren in diesem Prozess noch näher untersucht werden.     

我国麻黄属的分类问题

本文对我国麻黄属植物进行了分类整理,计有2组15种2变种1变型。其中增补了国内原有12种4变种的记载,同时对易于混淆的种进行了讨论。     

Effects of N-methyl-D, L-aspartate on secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone from the boar hypothalamic-preoptic area and median eminence in vitro

N-methyl-D, L-aspartate (NMA) elicited secretion of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone from both the hypothalamic-preoptic area and the median eminence that were collected from boars. We suggest that the previously described increase in GH secretion that follows peripheral treatment of swine with NMA is attributable, at least in part, to NMA-stimulated secretion of GH-releasing hormone from the central nervous system.     

小果宜昌橙—柑桔属宜昌橙的新变种

本文对柑桔属宜昌橙(Citrus ichangensis Swingle)的一个新变种——小果宜昌橙进行了定名,并介绍了该变种的主要特征。 该变种形态类似宜昌橙,与宜昌橙的主要区别是子房心室少(5-7个),每个心室中胚珠少(3-4个),果实小。而宜昌橙子房心室7—10个,每个心室胚珠4-8个,果实较大。本变种为常绿乔木,树高3-5m,枝梢有刺,叶、花、果上均有油胞。果实长圆形,果皮紧、淡橙黄色,汁胞柔软,味酸苦,具有5—7个囊瓣。种子大、单胚,子叶白色。叶柄具翼,很宽大,大体上与叶片等长。主要分布于云南省的漾濞、巍山、保山、腾冲等县。     

Effect of Planting Sequence and Time, and Nitrogen on Maize Legume Intercrop Yield

Productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) legume intercrops is determined by soil, management, and environment. Planting sequence and time and N fertilization are easily controlled management factors but their effects on intercrop yields are not well understood. Maize grown in monoculture or intercropped with polebean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Warp.) was studied for two growing seasons at Morgantown, WV. Crops were seeded in the following sequences: maize before legume, both at the same time, and legume before maize. Planting times were early May or mid June. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 160 kg ha⁻¹. Maize grain and forage, legume grain and forage, and total forage production were determined on a dry matter basis. Intercropping (average of all treatments) reduced maize grain and forage yields compared to maize in monoculture but had no effect on total forage production. However, total forage production was greatest when the seeding sequence was maize intercropped at the same time or before cowpea. Cowpea never produced grain, but forage production was almost double that of polebean. Maize produced most forage when seeded before the legumes, and the legumes produced most forage when seeded before maize. Early planting increased maize production and decreased legume production. Nitrogen increased maize grain, maize forage, and total forage yields but had not effect on legume forage production. It is concluded that maize/legume intercrops show promise for increasing forage production in temperate areas and more research on planting times and densities, weed control, harvesting and management is needed.     

Organic Seed-treatment as a Substitute for Chemical Seed-treatment to Control Common Bunt of Wheat

Common bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. tritici, is a major seed and soil-borne disease in West Asia and North Africa. The use of resistant cultivars and chemical seed-treatments are the current control measures used to combat this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate alternative control measures to chemical seed-treatments that are environmentally friendly to support cultivar resistance. Several organic nutrients [skimmed milk powder, hucket (local skimmed milk) and wheat flour] at a concentration of 160g per kg of seeds were used as seed-treatments on two susceptible bread and durum wheat cultivars (Bau and Sebou, respectively) to examine their effectiveness in controlling the disease. Field trials over four years showed that skimmed milk powder, hucket, and wheat flour reduced common bunt infection levels by 96%, 93% and 62%, respectively. In most cases, the effectiveness of the skimmed milk powder and hucket was equal to the chemical seed-treatment; thus, these organic nutrients offer an effective and environmentally safe alternative to chemical treatments. However, a study of their economic value as well as of their effect on seed germination, and field emergence is needed.     

不同饲用燕麦品种生产性能的综合评价

基于熵权赋权法,运用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度法对26个燕麦品种的生产性能进行综合评价,结果表明,生产性能综合表现较好的是初岛燕麦、青永久409、青永久709及青永久316;青永久18综合评价值最低,生产性能最差,其余品种生产性能表现一般。经逐步回归分析,发现其中的绿叶数、叶长、茎叶比、鲜干比、生长速度、叶面积指数、相对生长速率及生长天数8个指标对饲用燕麦生产性能贡献显著。     

环峡南苜蓿种子生产技术研究

对影响环峡南苜蓿种子产量的磷肥、钾肥、浇水和地膜条件4个因素进行正交组合试验,结果表明: 磷肥、钾肥、磷钾肥互作对种子产量的影响较大,其次为地膜条件、磷肥浇水互作,浇水的影响最小。试验结果和生产成本综合考虑,最适宜的处理组合为:钙镁磷450 kg/hm2+硫酸钾150 kg/hm2+不铺地膜+不浇水。     

同工酶在西南地区野生狗牙根遗传多样性上的研究

对36份具有代表性的西南地区野生狗牙根材料采用同工酶进行遗传多样性研究,筛选出优良草坪草C1,C32,C9和部分优良育种材料,为西南地区狗牙根的开发利用及申报品种提供理论依据。     

披碱草属植物遗传多样性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于披碱草属(Elymus L.)植物遗传多样性的研究现状和存在的问题,同时讨论了其作为重要种质资源的应用前景。