基于C语言的结构用集成材木梁抗弯刚度模型研究

基于平行轴定理,采用变换截面法建立结构用集成材木梁的抗弯刚度C语言可执行程序模型,并通过足尺木梁的抗弯力学性能试验验证模型的有效性。本试验根据木材抗弯弹性模量测定方法国家标准（GB/T 1936.2—2009）中的相关要求,测定层板木材的抗弯弹性模量并将其导入C语言程序模型,得到梁体抗弯刚度的模型理论值。依据结构用集成材国家标准（GB/T 26899—2011）对木梁进行四点抗弯测试并实时采集梁体跨中挠度、荷载数据,得到梁体抗弯刚度的实测值。对比梁体抗弯刚度的模型理论值与实测值,得出其平均相对误差率为3.89%。结构用集成材木梁抗弯刚度模型的建立应充分考虑梁体自身的构造缺陷,以综合层板的力学性能变异性及尺寸效应等影响因素,合理引入修正系数,提高模型的准确度与适用性。     

Strategies of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in gestating hyperprolific sow diets: effects on the offspring performance and fetal programming

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of trace mineral nutrition on sow performance, mineral content, and intestinal gene expression of neonate piglets when inorganic mineral sources (ITM) were partially replaced by their organic mineral (OTM) counterparts. At 35 d postmating, under commercial conditions, a total of 240 hyperprolific multiparous sows were allocated into three experimental diets: 1) ITM: with Zn, Cu, and Mn at 80, 15, and 60 mg/kg, respectively; 2) partial replacement trace mineral source (Replace): with a 30 % replacement of ITM by OTM, resulting in ITM + OTM supplementation of Zn (56 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (10.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (42 + 18 mg/kg); and 3) Reduce and replace mineral source (R&R): reducing a 50% of the ITM source of Zn (40 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (7.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (30 + 18 mg/kg). At farrowing, 40 piglets were selected, based on birth weight (light: <800 g, and average: >1,200 g), for sampling. Since the present study aimed to reflect results under commercial conditions, it was difficult to get an equal parity number between the experimental diets. Overall, no differences between experimental diets on sow reproductive performance were observed. Light piglets had a lower mineral content (P < 0.05) and a downregulation of several genes (P < 0.10) involved in physiological functions compared with their average littermates. Neonate piglets born from Replace sows had an upregulation of genes involved in functions like immunity and gut barrier, compared with those born from ITM sows (P < 0.10), particularly in light piglets. In conclusion, the partial replacement of ITM by their OTM counterparts represents an alternative to the totally inorganic supplementation with improvements on neonate piglet gene expression, particularly in the smallest piglets of the litter. The lower trace mineral storage together with the greater downregulation of gut health genes exposed the immaturity and vulnerability of small piglets.     

Low protein provision during the first year of life,but not during foetal life,affects metabolic traits,organ mass development and growth in male mink (Neovison vison)

Low protein provision in utero and post‐partum may induce metabolic disorders in adulthood. Studies in mink have mainly focused on short‐term consequences of low protein provision in utero whereas the long‐term responses to low protein (LP) provision in metabolically programmed mink are unknown. We investigated whether low protein provision in utero affects the long‐term response to adequate (AP) or LP provision after weaning in male mink. Eighty‐six male mink were exposed to low (19% of ME from CP; crude protein) or adequate (31% of ME from CP) protein provision in utero, and to LP (~20% of ME from CP) or AP (30–42% of ME from CP) provision post‐weaning. Being metabolically programmed by low protein provision in utero did not affect the response to post‐weaning diets. Dietary protein content in the LP feed after weaning was below requirements; evidenced by lower nitrogen retention (p < 0.001) preventing LP mink from attaining their growth potential (p < 0.02). LP mink had a lower liver, pancreas and kidney weight (p < 0.05) as well as lower plasma IGF‐1 concentrations at 8 and 25 (p < 0.05) weeks, and a higher incidence of hepatic lipidosis at 25 weeks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, LP mink had a higher body fat (p < 0.05) and lower body CP content (p < 0.05) at 50 weeks of age. It is concluded that some effects of low protein provision in utero can be alleviated by an adequate nutrient supply post‐partum. However, long‐term exposure to low protein provision in mink reduces their growth potential and induces transient hepatic lipidosis and modified body composition.     

取法自然：纳西东巴文美学风格分析

东巴文承载了纳西族古老的美学传统,其文化精神契合于中国传统美学的意境体悟和生命意识.纳西先民以“林泉之心”直接观照自然,继而创造出具有和造化自然一样性质的审美意象,亦即所谓的“同自然之妙有”;同时把任自然的生活形态与精神境界都铸化在这种文字之中,体现了纳西东巴文与自然的亲密关系,而取法自然正是东巴文以主体之心体悟自然生命的结果,也是其最重要的美学风格.     

基于基因表达式编程的作物水分生产函数构建

作物水分生产函数的确定是农业水资源优化配置的关键。该研究采用农业水文生态系统模型（Agro-Hydrological & Chemical and Crop systems simulator, AHC）与基因表达式编程（Gene Expression Programming, GEP）相结合的方法构建作物水分生产函数。以河套灌区3种主要作物（葵花、玉米、小麦）为研究对象,采用AHC模型模拟作物产量等,构建基于GEP算法的作物水分生产函数,探讨考虑盐分胁迫的作物水分生产函数构建的思路与方法。结果表明：1）作物模拟产量与地下水埋深、地下水矿化度和灌水量等因素有关。2）构建作物水分生产函数的最优输入因子组合为地下水埋深、灌溉量、蒸散发、地下水矿化度、土壤根层盐分对作物胁迫因子、土壤根层含水率。3）应用作物水分生产函数估算不同灌溉定额条件下作物产量（预测产量）,并与AHC模型计算的产量（模拟产量）进行比较,玉米、葵花、小麦预测产量与模拟产量具有很好一致性,其决定系数分别是0.96、0.93、0.96,平均相对误差均小于5%,满足计算精度要求。因此,该研究所构建的作物水分生产函数可以较准确地估算盐分胁迫下作物产量,为农业节水与灌溉水高效利用提供科学参考。     

从Haugen语言规划观分析英国语言规划的历史演变

语言政策作为社会语言学的一个分支,已经成为一个重要的研究领域。本文通过社会语言学家豪根的语言规划的四个步骤,分析了英国语言政策的历史演变,发现了非政府因素在英国语言规划中的突出作用,以及英国政府本身对于语言规划的不作为现象。     

气象实时数据监控程序的设计与开发

对上海气象信息与技术支持中心而言,原先的气象信息数据监控系统由于操作复杂而需要改进.新的监控系统开发使用delphi6.0语言和多线程技术,对自动站数据、雷达和卫星数据、MICAPS压缩数据和MICAPS解压数据这四类气象实时数据进行监控,以一体化的方式展现所有重要的监控信息,提高了工作效率.     

规模水稻秧苗的运输优化研究

通过对规模水稻秧苗运输现状的阐述,了解规模水稻秧苗运输机械配套优化的薄弱问题。根据对规模水稻秧苗从大棚到本田运输系统的调研和分析,确定规模水稻秧苗运输的主要指标为载秧容量、运输距离、时间和路线等。以目标规划理论建立水稻秧苗大棚到本田的运输优化模型,并利用遗传算法求解得到优化方案,对提高规模水稻秧苗从大棚到本田运输效率具有重要的意义。     

Questioning the contemporary forest planning paradigm: making use of local knowledge

The forest planning system of large Swedish forest owners follows a three step procedure: long-term, medium-term, and short-term planning. The system is sequential and hierarchical in the sense that longer-term plans form the framework for shorter-term plans, and that top-level management prepares the long range plans and the lower management levels develop plans with successively shorter horizons. Studies indicate that this approach does not fully use existing knowledge within the organization. Problems associated with the top-down approach are also recognized in the general literature on organization and management. A proposal for a bottom-up approach is developed that aim at the use of local level knowledge to enhance accuracy and applicability of the forest plans. After top-level management has issued some fundamental planning directives, medium-term planning is conducted by the districts. Then the district plans are consolidated at the top-level for coordination and revision. A simulated planning process provides an illustration of the approach. The Heureka system is used here to optimize harvests and road costs with a mixed integer programming model of the problem, spanning 10 years with three seasons per year. The importance of detailed local knowledge to the outcome of planning is indicated, and needs for continued decision support systems development is discussed.