纤维素对海假交替单胞菌生物被膜生物学特性及厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态的影响

为探究纤维素对海假交替单胞菌生物被膜的生物学特性及其对厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态的影响,实验设置海假交替单胞菌(初始细菌密度5×10⁸个/m L)分别与浓度为0.02、0.20、2.00、20.00 mg/L的纤维素共孵育形成生物被膜,检测形成的生物被膜对厚壳贻贝幼虫变态的诱导作用变化,比较生物被膜成膜能力、胞外产物等生物学特性变化,并分析其与厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态的关系。纤维素浓度为2.00或20.00 mg/L时,所形成的生物被膜对幼虫附着变态的诱导活性显著降低。通过分析加入纤维素后海假交替单胞菌形成的生物被膜生物学特性发现,随着纤维素浓度升高,生物被膜中细菌的分布更为分散,细菌密度和膜厚呈逐渐降低趋势,生物被膜胞外产物中α-多糖、β-多糖和脂质的生物量显著降低,而蛋白无明显变化。在海假交替单胞菌生物被膜形成过程中,纤维素主要通过降低胞外α-多糖、β-多糖和脂质的产生,进而间接调控厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态。研究结果为探究海假交替单胞菌纤维素对生物被膜形成及对厚壳贻贝附着变态调控分子机制提供理论依据,为整治生物污损等实际问题提供新思路。     

一株假交替单胞菌DL3的抑菌与群体感应淬灭活性研究

本实验室从水产养殖池防污附钢片的微生物黏膜中分离到一株菌DL3,为了明确该菌株的活性及作为有益菌进行应用的可能,通过细菌分离培养、16S rRNA测序和系统发育分析对其做了初步鉴定,并采用牛津杯法、平板法分别测定了菌株的抑菌活性和群体感应淬灭活性。基于菌株DL3 16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,该菌株与解肽假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica)NBRC 101021^T的相似性最高,亲缘关系最近,为99.64%;抑菌试验显示,该菌株对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的抑制作用最强,对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠埃希菌(Escherichi coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、志贺氏杆菌(Shigella)、河弧菌(V.fluvialis)、东方弧菌(V.orientalis)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus...     

对虾养殖池中一株弧菌拮抗菌的分离鉴定

从对虾养殖池中分离出1株编号为2013082515(简称菌株15)的菌株,以鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)为指示菌,分析了菌株15对指示菌的抑菌效果及最低抑菌浓度,同时,分析了菌株15对其他7株弧菌的抑菌效果.结果显示,菌株15对3株指示菌均具有抑菌效果,对鳗弧菌、哈维氏弧菌及副溶血弧菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为2.50×104、2.50×105、2.50×105 CFU/ml;对其他弧菌也具有一定的抑菌效果.采用注射及浸泡感染方法分析了菌株15对对虾的生物安全性,结果显示,在高浓度时,菌株15对对虾具有潜在毒性.分别用细菌全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱法和16S rDNA序列分析比对法对该菌进行分类鉴定,表明菌株15为一株假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.).     

Identification of a marine antagonistic strain JG1 and establishment of a polymerase chain reaction detection technique based on the gyrB gene

A marine antagonistic bacterium, JG1, was isolated from rearing water of healthy turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Qingdao, China. Strain JG1 was Gram‐negative, straight rod and motile by polar flagella. The colony, when cultured for 24 h under room temperature, produced a yellow pigment. On the basis of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, along with 16S rDNA sequence analysis, JG1 was identified as Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra. JG1 had good inhibitory effects on several bacterial pathogens of aquaculture in the genus Vibrio (V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. campbellii, V. harveyi, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. tubiashii) and Aeromonas (A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida). No mortality occurred 14 days after zebra fish and 7 days after mantis shrimp were intraperitoneally injected with JG1 at 10⁶ CFU per animal, and 7 days after scallop and clam were immersed in JG1 at 10⁷ CFU mL^?1. A good antagonistic effect on several bacterial pathogens and nontoxicity to the above‐mentioned animals make JG1 a potential probiotic in aquaculture. In addition, a fast detection technique based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of the gyrB gene was established to allow us to determine the fate of JG1 when it is applied in aquaculture in the future.     

Alterins Produced by Oyster-Associated Pseudoalteromonas Are Antibacterial Cyclolipopeptides with LPS-Binding Activity

Discovery after discovery, host-associated microbiota reveal a growing list of positive effects on host homeostasis by contributing to host nutrition, improving hosts’ immune systems and protecting hosts against pathogens. In that context, a collection of oyster associated bacteria producing antibacterial compounds have been established to evaluate their role in non-host-derived immunity. Here, we described alterins; potent anti-Gram negative compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas hCg-6 and hCg-42 isolated from different healthy oyster hemolymph. The strains hCg-6 and hCg-42 produce a set of at least seven antibacterial compounds, ranging from 926 to 982 Da structurally characterized as cyclolipopeptides (CLPs). Alterins share the same cationic heptapeptidic cycle connected via an amido bond to different hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Their MICs disclosed a potent antibacterial activity directed against Gram-negative bacteria including oyster and human pathogens that may confer a beneficial defense mechanism to the host but also represents an untapped source of new antibiotics. The alterins’ mechanisms of action have been deciphered: after binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), alterins provoke a membrane depolarization and permeabilization leading to bacterial lysis. As hCg-6 and hCg-42 produced a set of natural derivatives, the structure/activity relationship linked to the carbon tail is clarified. We showed that the hydrocarbon tail determines the LPS-binding properties of alterins and consequently their antibacterial activities. Its length and saturation seem to play a major role in this interaction.     

紫菜腐霉拮抗菌的筛选和鉴定

生物防治广泛用于农作物的病害防治,该方法在藻类病害防控方面尚未有相关的报道。腐霉(Pythium sp.)是引起紫菜(Neopyropia)赤腐病(red rot disease)的主要病原,本研究的目的是筛选和鉴定对紫菜腐霉有拮抗能力的细菌。从养殖藻类及其养殖环境中分离鉴定了385株细菌,通过平板对峙法筛选到9株对腐霉有拮抗作用的细菌,进一步通过含毒介质法筛选到3株胞外产物对腐霉具有抑制活性的细菌(P3、P6和P19)。3株拮抗菌对8株腐霉均有拮抗活性,对腐霉生长的抑制率分别为52.09%~97.95% (P3)、26.81%~78.04% (P6)、10.47%~41.91% (P19)。通过16S rRNA鉴定和多位点序列进化分析(16S rRNA-dnaA-dnaN-recA),将P3和P6鉴定为杀鱼假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas piscicida),P19鉴定为解肽假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica)。本研究筛选得到的拮抗菌为下一步建立紫菜赤腐病的生物防治方法奠定了基础。     

条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)绿斑病病原菌的分离鉴定

绿斑病(Green spot disease)是一种常见的海区栽培条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)病害,在整个紫菜栽培期间都可能发生,以每年11~12月份最为严重,主要出现在幼叶期和成叶期。首先,在叶状体上出现红色或淡红色小斑,而后逐渐转变为绿色,病斑继续扩展,在叶状体表面形成若干孔洞,后期几乎整个藻体变绿。本研究对日照地区患绿斑病的条斑紫菜进行病原菌分离纯化,得到5株优势菌(编号为Y1~Y5),人工回感实验结果显示,Y1可以引起健康条斑紫菜发生绿斑病。对Y1进行了生理生化检测、16S rRNA、dnaA和dnaN基因序列分析,确定病原菌为海洋假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas marina)。对绿斑病的发病进程进行了观察,并检测了培养温度、海水比重和养殖密度等环境因子对绿斑病发生的影响,结果显示,高温和高密度养殖会加速绿斑病病情的发展,海水比重为1.022时,绿斑病发病较严重。本研究确定了一株引起条斑紫菜绿斑病的病原菌,并分析了部分理化因子对感染的影响,为条斑紫菜绿斑病的防控提供了基础数据。     

福建海区网箱养殖刺参“腐皮综合症”病原分析与鉴定

2011年冬季,福建省宁德市霞浦县海区网箱养殖刺参发生"腐皮综合症",并伴有死亡现象出现。刺参的发病症状表现为:厌食、排脏、身体萎缩、体表局部溃烂乃至大面积溃烂。从患病刺参病灶处分离得到两种优势细菌CS1和CS2。经人工回接感染实验证明两种菌对健康刺参都具有较强的感染性,且感染病参的症状与自然发病刺参的症状相同。通过生理生化试验、16S rDNA序列分析及系统进化树分析,结果表明两株菌分别与灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)和假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)相似。菌株CS1与灿烂弧菌的亲缘关系最近,相似率达到99%,菌株CS2与假交替单胞菌的亲缘关系最近,相似率达到95%。菌株CS1可鉴定为灿烂弧菌,菌株CS2可鉴定为假交替单胞菌。另外,在患病刺参呼吸树膜和腔体内发现大量后口虫(Boveria sp.)。所以导致本次刺参"腐皮综合症"的原因可能是致病性细菌和寄生虫共同作用的结果。本文首次揭示了该地区"腐皮综合症"导致养成刺参大规模死亡的致病原因,对刺参病害防治和健康养殖具有重要的指导意义。