Proteomic analysis of the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α on endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate the affected proteins by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in endothelial cells, and further explore the potential molecular mechanism of TNF-α on endothelial cells. METHODS: Nitric oxide (NO) production in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured by a NO assay kit. Proteomic alterations were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, and peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS: NO production in HUVECs decreased significantly after TNF-α treatement. Proteomics analysis showed 21 protein spots were changed including 9 spots that were increased and 11 spots that were decreased after TNF-α stimulation, and 1 spot was only detected in TNF-α activated cell gels. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased the expression of ecNOS by TNF-α might result in decreased NO production. Up-regulated MAP/ERK kinase 3 expression might imply that TNF-α activates the expression of adhesion molecules. Cytoskeletal protein actin is also involved in TNF-α injuried HUVECs. Proteomic analysis can find some clues for identifying new potential target of TNF-α.     

适于蛋白质组研究的大豆种子蛋白双向电泳技术的改进

以大豆种子为材料,通过对样品制备、电泳条件以及染色方法等关键步骤进行改进,在大豆种子蛋白分析研究中获得了质量较高的双向电泳图谱,为大豆种子蛋白质组研究提供一较好的实验方法.     

大麦条纹病侵染对大麦叶片蛋白组的影响

大麦条纹病由麦类核腔菌(Pyrenophora graminea)引起,是一种世界性病害.为进一步探索条纹病与大麦(Hordeum vulgare)的相互作用,以大麦品种甘啤6号和Issto为实验材料,在接种麦类核腔菌(代号DWC)7和21d后提取叶片蛋白,运用2-DE和质谱分析技术研究条纹病菌侵染后叶片蛋白质组学的变化.结果显示,与对照相比,甘啤6号和Isotta差异表达量在1.4倍以上的蛋白点28个,其中在甘啤6号中表达上调的蛋白点4个,下调的6个,诱导表达的2个,抑制表达的2个;在Isotta中,表达上调的蛋白点3个,下调的4个,诱导表达的4个,抑制表达的3个.质谱鉴定分析发现,表达上调的蛋白包括二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶A(2号蛋白点)、肌动蛋白(9号蛋白点)、核糖体再循环因子(ribosome-recycling factor,RRF)(10号蛋白点)、ATP合酶γ链(11和27号蛋白点)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(辅酶q)黄素蛋白亚基(15号蛋白点)和假定蛋白(26号蛋白点):表达下调的包括过氧化物还原蛋白(4号蛋白点)、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶大亚基(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit,RuBisCo)(3、5、12、14、16和18号蛋白点)、ATP合酶CF1α亚基(13号蛋白点)、Ycf3蛋白(17号蛋白点)和α-1,4葡聚糖蛋白合酶(alpha-1,4-glucanprotein synthase,UTPG)(28号蛋白点);诱导表达蛋白包括假定蛋白(6号蛋白点)、脂氧合酶2(lipoxygenase 2,LOX2)(7号蛋白点)、捕光叶绿素a/b结合蛋白质(light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein,LHCP)(19号蛋白点)、3-磷酸甘油酸激酶(3-phosphoglycerate kinase,PGK)(20号蛋白点)、凝集素(21号蛋白点)和ATP合酶γ链(22号蛋白点);抑制表达的蛋白包括RuBisCo(1、8、24和25号蛋白点)和二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小链(ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain,RuBPCase)(23号蛋白点)等.按照其功能分类,这些差异表达蛋白点分别参与了光合作用、蛋白质生物合成、植物防卫反应、能量代谢和细胞信号转导、细胞结构和纤维素生物合成等生理功能.这些差异表达蛋白可能与大麦响应条纹菌侵染过程有关,研究结果有助于从蛋白质水平揭示不同抗性大麦品种抗条纹病的抗性机制.     

烟草根系在青枯病菌侵染早期的蛋白组分析

烟草青枯病是一种由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的毁灭性土传病害。为研究烟草根系在青枯菌侵染早期的抗性机理,本研究以抗青枯病品种D101为材料,对接种青枯菌3 h后的烟苗根系进行了蛋白组学分析。结果显示,与未接种的对照比较,青枯菌侵染早期的烟草根系中存在相当比例的差异表达蛋白,但蛋白表达水平的变化幅度总体上不高。在P值小于0.05和变化倍数大于1.2的标准下,筛选到63个差异表达蛋白。对这些蛋白进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)路径分析发现,烟草根系对青枯菌侵染的早期抗性主要涉及具有杀菌作用的次生代谢物(如木脂素)的合成,能够杀菌和诱导系统抗性的亚磷酸盐的合成,以及活性氧毒性物质(如过氧化氢)的消除方面的生物学过程和路径。本研究结果为深入研究烟草及其它茄科植物抗青枯病的分子机制提供了有价值的线索,也可为烟草青枯病抗性分子育种提供参考。     

红豆杉细胞蛋白质双向电泳样品制备方法的比较

[目的]探索适用于红豆杉愈伤蛋白质组学研究的样品制备方法。[方法]以红豆杉愈伤组织为材料,分别采角三氯乙酸（TCA）／丙酮沉淀法、Tris—HCl法和酚-甲醇／醋酸铵沉淀法提取其中的总蛋白,通过双向电泳（2DE）检测3种方法对总蛋白的提取效果。[结果]3种方法提取的蛋白样品2DE图谱显示的蛋白点数量均较多。TCA／丙酮沉淀法对蛋白质的提取率较高,2DE图像清晰,条纹少,拖带现象轻;Tris—HCl法提取的蛋白样品2DE图谱个别区域出现较轻的云片状聚集,并有轻微拖带现象;酚-甲醇／醋酸铵沉淀法提取蛋白样品的2DE图谱有条纹和拖带现象。[结论]TCA／丙酮沉淀法提取的蛋白质质量较高,所得图谱背景清晰,蛋白质信息量大。     

Comparative phosphoproteome analysis of cardiomyocytes preconditioned by diazoxide

AIM: To analyze and identify the phosphoproteins associated with diazoxide preconditioning. METHODS: Proteomics technique was used to investigate the changes of phosphoprotein after diazoxide preconditioning. Adult rat ventricular myocytes were pretreated in the presence and absence of 200 μmol/L diazoxide for 10 min. Phosphoproteins prepared and enriched respectively from control and diazoxide pretreated groups were then separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and stained with sliver staining kit. Phosphoproteins of interest were further identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Associated with diazoxide preconditioning, the proteins of chaperonin containing TCP-1 and hypothetical protein XP_346548 were phosphorylated significantly. The proteins of 94 kD glucose-regulated protein, calpactin I heavy chain and ferritin were dephosphorylated markedly (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cardiomyocytes undergo significant posttranslational modification via phosphorylation in a multitude of proteins in response to diazoxide preconditioned signaling, which may mediate myocardioprotection signaling downstream mitochondrial staining dish K_ATP channel induced by ischemic preconditioning.     

基因组学与蛋白质组学课程教学实践与体会

从构建完整的教学内容、灵活运用多种教学方法两方面探讨了基因组学与蛋白质学课程的教学改革。教学内容改革包括教材的合理选用、"宽口径、厚基础、重能力"教学内容的改革、教学内容的优化与更新,多种教学方法的运用包括多媒体与板书相结合、案例教学法、录像教学法、启发式教学法、网络教学法。     

Proteomic analysis of human endometrium during the implantation window

AIM: To establish a method for determining the differential expression of proteins in human endometrium during the implantation window and to analyze the correlation between altered expression of the proteins and endometrial receptivity. METHODS: A comparative proteomic strategy in a combination of two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was adopted to search the proteomic alternations in the endometria of pre-receptive pre-receptive [day 2 after luteinizing hormone surge (LH+2 d)] state versus the endometria of receptive (LH+7 d) state. Validation of annexin IV was performed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Approximate 2 555±98 polypeptide spots were revealed by densitometry analysis of the 2D protein maps in LH+2 d and LH+7 d endometrial tissues resolved in the linear range of pH 3~10 on the 2D gel, in which 31 proteins were found to be significantly changed, including 17 proteins up-regulated and 14 proteins down-regulated in LH+7 d samples. These 31 identified proteins were classified into 6 functional categories of the correlation with implantation process: cell migration or assimilation, enzymic activity, signal transduction and gene regulation, immunoregulation, vascularization, and blood clotting or fibrinolysis system. The same expression trend of annexin IV was confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSION: Human endometrium has a differential proteomic repertoire during the window of implantation. The 6 functional categories of differentially expressed proteins in the receptive endometrium indicate that they play an important role in transforming of the endometrium during the receptive state.     

蛋白质组的应用及发展

探讨了蛋白质组的概念、经济价值和社会价值，以及蛋白质组研究技术发展现状揭示蛋白质组研究的重要性。     

Identification of specific serum biomarkers in gastric adenocarcinoma patients

AIM: To screen the possible serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to screen the serum samples from 109 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 106 control subjects (60 healthy subjects, 30 patients with chronic superficial gastritis and 16 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis). The differentially-expressed protein peaks were selected and isolated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and processed with enzyme before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The data mining was performed with software Xcalibur program component Bioworks 3.2. RESULTS: Three differentially-expressed protein peaks were selected as potential serum biomarkers of gastric adenocarcinoma patients.The m/z peak at 5 906.5 showed the increase (8.53±4.33 in cancer group, and 0.88±0.31 in control group). The m/z peaks at 6 635.7 and 8 716.3 showed the decrease (6.54±2.44 and 0.93 ± 0.29, respectively, in cancer group and 17.56±4.43 and 2.16±0.98, respectively, in control group, P<0.01). The 3 m/z peaks were identified as fibrinogen α-chain, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein CI,respectively. The combined use of the 3 biomarkers distinguished the samples in the cancer patients out of the controls at a sensitivity of 93.85% (61/65) and a specificity of 94.34% (50/53). CONCLUSION: The fibrinogen α-chain, apolipoprotein A-II and apolipoprotein CI identified as potential markers for gastric adenocarcinoma show diagnostic values in clinical application.