南方丘陵红壤茶园的镁营养

根据当前国内外茶树镁营养的研究成果 ,结合笔者在湘南和杭州的试验研究 ,对丘陵红壤茶园土壤镁含量及存在形态、茶树中镁的营养状况、茶树缺镁症、茶园施用镁肥的效果等进行了系统的分析和总结 ,并据此对丘陵红壤茶园镁肥施用技术和镁肥的开发进行了探讨     

土壤特性对大麻纤维产量和品质的影响

通过对多处麻田的定点观测和取样测定 ,分析了栽培大麻的主要土壤类型和土壤条件 ,明确了影响大麻纤维产量和品质的主要土壤理化因素及相关程度。     

群体改良面包小麦品质性状的方法与技术

为了探讨分子标记技术用于太谷核不育小麦(Ta1)轮回选择育种的可行性,广泛搜集含有不同优质亚基且农艺性状优良的种质资源,对创建动态的改良面包小麦品质优质基因库进行了研究。结果表明,5亚基特异PCR标记在具有5亚基的单株中均能扩增出450bp的基因片段,生化标记与其结果一致;通过控制授粉引入优质基因,开花前淘汰劣质基因型,借助于可育株与不育株的异交,使优质基因重组、累加和聚合,获得了14 15、5 10亚基的聚合体和5 12等亚基的稀有类型;与基础群体比,轮选群体的单株产量增加1.0~1.5g,株高降低7.5cm,使品质、产量得到同步改良,从而建立了分子标记辅助Ta1小麦改良品质性状的优质基因库。     

硼对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜产量和品质的效应

通过土培试验,研究硼对不同硼效率甘蓝型油菜产量和品质的效应.结果表明:严重缺硼(B1)时,4个油菜品种均绝收,缺硼(B2)及硼正常(B3)时,各品种均有产量,硼高效和偏高效品种产量大于硼低效品种,前者品质较后者差,表现出硼效率越高而品质越差的趋势.硼对低效品种品质的改善作用大于硼高效和偏高效品种.     

Effects of Soybean Fortification on Protein Quality of Tortilla-Based Diets Produced from Regular and Quality Protein Maize

The physiological development of laboratory rats fed with a typical indigenous tortilla diet was studied for two generations. The experiment compared casein control diet and five different types of diets: (1) a diet of tortillas obtained from fresh masa (FM); (2) regular tortillas produced from enriched dry masa flour containing vitamins B₁, B₂, niacin, folic acid, and the microminerals iron and zinc (REDMF); (3) tortillas produced from enriched dry masa flour fortified with 6% defatted soybean meal (FEDMF); (4) tortillas produced from enriched quality protein maize flour (EQPM); and (5) and, tortillas produced from enriched quality protein maize flour fortified with 3% defatted soybean meal (FEQPM). The growth of rats fed FEDMF and FEQPM diets was significantly higher (P<0.05) in both generations than their counterparts fed EQPM, REDMF, or FM diet. Animals fed quality protein maize (QPM) tortilla had the highest protein digestibility, but the FEQPM and FEDMF diets had the highest biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU), and protein-digestibility-corrected EAA scores (PDCEAAS). The difference among treatments was more evident in the second-generation rats. The pregnancy rate, number of newborns/litter, litter weight, and newborn survival rate was also higher for rats fed FEDMF, EQPM, and FEQPM diets than their counterparts fed REDMF and FM.     

我国红碎茶与斯里兰卡红碎茶比较分析

通过对我国海南通什、云南凤庆、广东英德２号茶和出口拼配红碎茶、斯里兰卡高地、中地和低地红碎茶同年样品的分析,结果表明,我国上述三地的大叶种红碎茶主要品质成分含量及内质化学鉴定分数均高于斯里兰卡红碎茶,仅香气次之。但出口样拼配红碎茶的主要品质成分含量和内质化学鉴定分数均显著低于斯里兰卡红碎茶。文中对我国与斯里兰卡红碎茶品质的差异原因进行了讨论,并建议我国大叶种红碎茶直接并且及时出口。     

钾用量与灌溉方式互作对土壤-烤烟系统钾素及烟叶品质的影响

旨在探究钾用量与灌溉方式互作对土壤-烤烟系统钾素变化及烟叶质量的影响问题。采用大田裂区设计,研究了不同灌溉方式与钾用量互作对土壤-烤烟系统钾素及烟叶内在化学成分的影响。同一灌溉方式下,增施钾肥显著提高土壤钾素含量,土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量随钾肥用量的增加而增加;与不施钾相比,施钾显著提高烟叶钾含量,但常规施钾与高量施钾处理间烟叶钾含量差异不显著。相同施钾量下,3种灌溉方式相比,以交替对1/2区域灌水处理土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量最低,烟叶钾含量以固定对1/2区域灌水处理最高,但与交替对1/2区域灌溉处理差异不显著。烟叶采收结束时,9个处理的土壤速效钾含量均随土层深度的增加,呈先降低再增加的趋势,至60~100 cm土层趋于稳定。灌水方式和钾用量互作对烟叶化学成分有一定影响,以常规施钾与固定1/2区域灌水处理组合的烟叶化学成分协调性最佳。在常规施钾量下,固定1/2区域灌水处理不仅改变了钾素在不同土层的分布,而且提高了烟叶钾含量,且减少了灌溉用水,建议可在黄淮烟区进行示范应用。     

不同施肥处理对梁平柚产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

通过连续3 a (2014—2017年)的田间试验,以10 a生梁平柚为研究对象,研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(CF+OF)和单施有机肥(OF)下梁平柚产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在不同施肥处理中,CF+OF、OF和CF的单果重均无显著性差异(P>0.05),但CF+OF的柚子单株果实数最高,柚子产量分别高出OF、CF和CK 8.2%、31.2%和11.82%;CF+OF处理中,柚子果实中的果汁含量、总糖、游离氨基酸和维生素C比CK分别提高20.40%、18.95%、64.34%和27.06%,而柚子果皮厚度、种子数和总酸度显著降低,品质改善;施肥显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,在不同施肥处理中,微生物生物量碳氮比介于7.39～13.89,且差异显著(P<0.05)。CF+OF处理中,柚子成熟期土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌数量显著高于或相似于单施化肥,说明化肥和有机肥配施能促进微生物生长繁殖,协调土壤养分供应,改善柚子营养。虽然不同施肥处理对土壤pH无显著影响(P>0.05),但是与CK相比,OF和CF+OF处理有机质和速效钾...     

过氧化脲及尿素配比对水培上海青生长及品质的影响

水培蔬菜中硝酸盐富集及供氧状况是当前水培体系亟待解决的问题.为降低水培上海青Brassica campestris ssp.Chinensis(L.)硝酸盐含量,本研究分别通过部分尿素替代日本园试配方中硝酸盐,以及不同过氧化脲(UHP)与尿素配比的方式,探究减硝增氧对水培叶菜生长及品质的影响.首先以30％、40％、50...     

Automated image analysis as a tool to quantify the colour and composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) cutlets

The goal of this paper is to propose and evaluate automated image analysis methods for describing muscle cutlets in rainbow trout. The proposed automated image analysis methods were tested on a total of 983 scanned images of trout cutlets, and included quality traits such as fat percentage, flesh colour and the size of morphologically distinguishable subparts of the cutlet. A sub-sample of 50 images was randomly selected for manual segmentation of the cutlet, the dorsal fat depot and the red muscle and regions. The identification of these regions by manual and automatic image analysis correlated strongly (r = 0.97, r = 0.95 and r = 0.91, respectively). The estimated fat percentage obtained from image analysis, based on the area of visible fat and the colour of the cutlet flesh, correlated well with chemical fat percentage measured by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy (MIT) (r = 0.78). The automated image analysis methods are therefore a reliable means of predicting the fat percentage of trout cutlets. Principal component analysis (PCA) loading plots were used to identify subsets of variables from the image analysis of special significance for further studies; cutlet area, dorsal fat depot area, red muscle area, back height, cutlet width, and width of left and right abdomen wall were among the variables selected. PCA loading plots of different colour variables indicated that simple statistical coefficients such as percentiles and mean values can be used to quantify different aspects of flesh colour. In conclusion, the methods presented here provide a powerful toolbox for describing important morphological structures and quality traits of trout cutlets.