柱花草刈割次数与生产性能的关系

对格拉姆柱花草的刈割次数与生产性能关系进行了两年时间的研究,结果表明:不同年度、不同次数刈割对生产性能影响很大,当年刈割一次比刈割两次产草量增长44%—68%,粗蛋白产量增长40%左右;第二年刈割两次比刈割一次产草量增长4.8%,粗蛋白产量增长52%,而比刈割三次产草量增长17%,粗蛋白产量增长9%。     

Review of human-animal interactions and their impact on animal productivity and welfare

Humans and animals are in regular and at times close contact in modern intensive farming systems. The quality of human-animal interactions can have a profound impact on the productivity and welfare of farm animals. Interactions by humans may be neutral, positive or negative in nature. Regular pleasant contact with humans may result in desirable alterations in the physiology, behaviour, health and productivity of farm animals. On the contrary, animals that were subjected to aversive human contact were highly fearful of humans and their growth and reproductive performance could be compromised. Farm animals are particularly sensitive to human stimulation that occurs early in life, while many systems of the animals are still developing. This may have long-lasting impact and could possibly modify their genetic potential. The question as to how human contact can have a positive impact on responses to stressors, and productivity is not well understood. Recent work in our laboratory suggested that pleasant human contact may alter ability to tolerate various stressors through enhanced heat shock protein (hsp) 70 expression. The induction of hsp is often associated with increased tolerance to environmental stressors and disease resistance in animals. The attitude and consequent behaviour of stockpeople affect the animals’ fear of human which eventually influence animals’ productivity and welfare. Other than attitude and behaviour, technical skills, knowledge, job motivation, commitment and job satisfaction are prerequisites for high job performance.     

Effect of a transitory controlled nursing on days 9–11 or a 24-h fast on the production of free-nursing rabbits

Altered nursing or nutrition before artificial insemination (AI) can be used as a doe biostimulant to improve lactating rabbits reproduction. The timing of a shift from free to a 3-day controlled nursing to AI or the nursing method at fast-refeeding can affect the efficacy of these stimulations. In an earlier study the effects of a 3-day controlled nursing on days 8, 9 and 10 or in controlled nursing rabbits, the impact of a 24-h fast with 48–50 h re-feeding were investigated. This follow-up work tested a 3-day biostimulation with controlled nursing on days 9, 10 and 11. Another aim was to assess the same doe fast-refeeding but now in free-nursing rabbits. Pannon White does (n=480) were artificially inseminated 11 days post-partum. Control (C) does nursed freely. Rabbits simulating local farm practice (F) had controlled nursing until day 14 using a metal-plate as separation and then free nursing to weaning (day 35). In biostimulations with altered nursing, there was a shift from free to a 3-day controlled nursing (days 9–11) with a wire-mesh separation (BW), a metal-plate insertion (BM) or nest-tray removal (BN) and return to free nursing on day 12 until weaning. The C, F, BW, BM and BN does were fed ad libitum. At biostimulation with fast-refeeding (BF), the free-nursing does were subjected to a 24 h water-only fast between days 8 and 9 and a 48–50 h ad libitum re-feeding before AI. Doe reproduction and growth of the current litter were differently affected by the treatments. In the C, F, BW, BM, BN and BF does, sexual receptivity was 83, 90, 68, 80, 74 and 85% (P=0.05), the kindling rate was 79, 76, 74, 89, 68, 70% (P=0.05), the number of kits born alive was 7.9, 8.0, 8.8, 9.1, 7.9, 6.8 (P=0.005), kit weight at weaning 982, 991, 953, 986, 955, 964 g (P=0.012) and at 70 days of age 2383, 2407, 2220, 2350, 2279, 2382 g, respectively (P=0.001). Among biostimulations with altered nursing, the 3-day controlled nursing with a metal-plate separation (BM) can be advised for the practice because only this method was efficient in this (days 9–11) and previous (days 8–10) studies. There appears to be an interaction between doe nursing and feeding, since the same fast led to different production of free-nursing does compared to those in a previous work that nursed controlled.     

The economic performance of urban gardening in three European cities – examples from Ljubljana,Milan and London

Urban gardening is not a new phenomenon but it has received considerably more practical and academic interest in recent years. Studies on economic aspects such as crop yields, inputs and outputs of production, productivity, gross margins and the contribution to home economics are rare, especially in Europe. While urban gardening plays an important role in the Global South, its role in Western Europe for food productivity and home economics is currently under-researched. The aim of this study is to analyse European urban gardeners’ economic performance and self-sufficiency on a household level, as well as to reach a better understanding of their contribution to food self-provision and food security in the metropolitan areas. In a study carried out in 2014 with on-site personal and with online questionnaires participated 180 urban gardeners from three case study cities (Ljubljana, Milan, and London). Results from the economic analysis showed that although for most urban gardeners, profit is not their main motivation, the economic calculation shows that productivity in small urban plots can be comparable to market garden production. Urban gardeners are saving money, especially when, compared to retail prices for regular produce or organic produce, their input is included in the gross margin calculation. We conclude that, in the case-study cities, the self-provisional potential of urban gardeners’ households to adequately cover the annual vegetable need of five-a-day servings can be met under three conditions: (1) sufficient garden size; (2) increased area productivity, and (3) sufficient labour-hour inputs.     

杉木第二代种子园无性系产量选择的研究

对三明市郊国有林场杉木第二代种子园无性系产量测定,应用生产力指数的丰产性评价(PQI)和产量因子的聚类分析,115个无性系划分为4类:高产、中产、低产、极低产,其中高产无性系19个,产量占总产量的39-71%,并着重进行高产无性系的播种品质检验,初步评选出16个产量高、种子品质较好的无性系。     

平板光生物反应器光径对金藻生长及有机物质积累的影响积累的影响（英文）

[目的]为金藻（Isochrysis galbana Parke）的大规模培养、药用研究及开发利用提供参考。[方法]在不同光径平板生物反应器中培养金藻,并对藻细胞的生长状况和细胞内的有机物质含量进行了分析。[结果]藻细胞的生长速率及单位体积产量随光径的减小而增大;单位面积产量随光径的增大而增大;光径越小的生物反应器中培养的金藻藻细胞内的总脂、蛋白质及多糖占细胞干重的总量越高。[结论]根据生产需要选择合适的生物反应器,可有效提高生产效率、降低生产成本。     

野生细鳞鱼的生物学特性及繁殖力

本文对采捕的野生细鳞鱼的生物学特性及繁殖力进行了测定,结果表明:细鳞鱼可量比例性状为:全长/体长1.13±0.02,体长/体高4.86±0.30,体长/头长4.41±0.19,体长/尾柄长6.94±0.72,体长/尾柄高12.53±0.59,尾柄长/尾柄高1.82±0.17,头长/吻长3.36±0.31,头长/眼径5.41±0.52,头长/眼间距2.89±0.26;可数性状为:背鳍鳍式:II,11～13,胸鳍鳍式:I,15～19,腹鳍鳍式:I,9～12,臀鳍鳍式:II,10～14,侧线鳞:108～163,侧线上鳞:24～37,侧线下鳞:23～36,第一鳃弓鳃耙数:15～29,脊椎骨:57～61,肋骨:28～31,幽门垂:70～121。绝对繁殖力2823.25±1237.01,相对繁殖力3.20±1.79。     

不同类型粒用高粱生产力及光合能力的比较研究

本文以高粱籽粒高产为目的,采用适合于生产上的种植密度,对不同株高的粒用高粱品种、杂交种群体进行生产能力和逃命能力比较研究。研究结果表明,中秆杂交种具有最高收获指数,获得最高籽粒产量。但是,我国当前生产上种植的中秆杂交种都属于叶片宽长且平展的株型,在LAI较高的生育后期,群体过于郁蔽,透光通风不良,导致NAR     

种植方式对青海湖流域人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的影响

为探究多年生人工草地在青海湖流域的适应性和稳定性,本研究以青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis. Qinghai)和青海中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis. Qinghai)单播及混播人工草地为研究对象,分析不同种植方式下人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的变化。结果表明：青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地和青海草地早熟禾单播草地的生物量和盖度高于青海中华羊茅单播草地,且在生长旺期(8月),青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地生物量最高,为586.2 g·m^-2;青海草地早熟禾单播、青海中华羊茅单播和青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播草地间土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和土壤含水量在相同土壤深度下差异不显著,但土壤氮、磷及有机质间存在显著的相关性。综上所述,在青海湖流域建植青海草地早熟禾+青海中华羊茅混播型人工草地可以获得较高的产量,但需在种植和管理过程中协调好土壤氮、磷间的关系。     

新开垦土壤上构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮模式

为了在新开垦土壤上构建高效种植模式,本文采用温室盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法,选用4种根瘤菌接种方式(保水剂拌种、清水拌种、三叶期灌根和种子丸衣化)接种4种不同蚕豆根瘤菌(NM353、CCBAU、G254和QH258),分析接菌后新开垦土壤上玉米/蚕豆间作体系的生产潜力、地上部氮素吸收和结瘤特性以及生物固氮等方面的优势,拟为该体系筛选出高效的根瘤菌及其接种技术。结果表明:接种NM353后,玉米/蚕豆间作体系中蚕豆籽粒产量比单作平均增加152.84%,而玉米保持相对稳产;以保水剂拌种的方式接种NM353的间作蚕豆地上部氮素积累量最高,蚕豆结瘤数、瘤重、固氮比例和固氮量均高于本试验中其他3种方式接种的根瘤菌。在盛花期和盛花鼓粒期,接种NM353蚕豆的固氮比例比接种CCBAU的分别高19.1%和11.1%,在各个生育时期两者固氮量之间差异均达显著水平;接种NM353与接种其他菌种间固氮量和固氮比例差异更显著。因此,在新开垦土壤上,用保水剂拌种的方式对间作蚕豆接种NM353根瘤菌,构建玉米/蚕豆-根瘤菌高效固氮体系,为新开垦土壤合理开发利用的可持续发展模式。