闽楠在毛竹混交林中生长情况初步研究

通过建瓯东安毛竹林中21a生闽楠生长情况的调查表明:闽楠适宜在毛竹林中生长,单株材积0.1958m3,材积1.3350m3/hm2,单株平均年生长量0.0089m3,且与树龄呈正相关系;树高达15.5m,平均树高年生长量0.74m;混交套种闽楠能提高毛竹林的生产潜力,每年可增加毛竹林收益10680元/hm2,同时可改善和调整毛竹林结构,大幅度提高毛竹林经济、生态、社会的整体效益。并探讨了如何采取政策性措施来大力推广发展毛竹林混交套种闽楠,为科学持续发展闽楠这一珍贵用材树种提供实践和理论依据。     

新型稻谷型饲粮配方养猪研究报告

采用不同饲粮配方单因子试验设计，以４０头长大乐三元杂种猪为素材，在相同条件下，系统对猪的肥育、屠宰性能以及经济效益进行了研究。结果表明，在早稻谷与玉米价比合理前提下，用稻谷型饲粮养猪在技术、生产水平及饲料效率上都是可行的。同时，筛选出二种高产、优质、高效低耗的新型稻谷型饲粮配方Ⅲ、Ⅳ，可供养猪生产中推广应用。本文为合理利用当地饲料资源，促进早稻转化，推动低成本养猪提供了科学依据。     

Evaluation of Populus deltoides clones under nursery,field and agrisilviculture system in subhumid tropics of Central India

Populus deltoides Bartr., a native of North America, is generally grown in India above latitude 28 °N. One hundred and six clones were evaluated for four years at Raipur situated at 21°12N latitude and 81°36E longitude. These were grown on vertisol soil. Based on growth and survival performance in the nursery for two successive years, nineteen clones were selected for field evaluation. The best five clones (G3, G48, 65/27, D121 and S7C1) were planted in an agrisilviculture system at a spacing of 4 × 4 m with soybean grown as an intercrop. After 4 years these clones had an increment of DBH by 66.5 to 77.5% and of height by 42.2 to 78.6% within one year when compared to that observed at 3 years of age. In rank order of growth the best five clones were 65/27 > G3 > D121 > G48 > S7C1. Total biomass varied between 20.9 to 35.8 Mg ha^–1 in different clones. Among the tree components, stemwood accounted for 52–61% of the total biomass, followed by branches (20–25%), bark (9–13%) and leaves (7–10%). No significant variation between net primary productivity and photosynthetic efficiency was found in different clones. Soybean productivity decreased as the trees aged, reaching 40.5 to 58.1% in 4-year-old trees.     

Factorial analysis on forest canopy density restoration in the burned area of northern Great Xing＇an Mountains, China

The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since the catastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing‘an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopy density, which has close relation to forest productivity, was selected as a key factor to find how much the forest quality was changed 13 years after fire, and how fire severity, regeneration way and terrain factors influenced the restoration of forest canopy density, based on forest inventory data in China, and using Kendall Bivariate Correlation Analysis, and Distances Correlation Analysis. The results showed that fire severity which was inversely correlated with forest canopy density grade was an initial factor among all that selected. Regeneration way which did not remarkably affect forest canopy density restoration in short period, may shorten the cycle of forest succession and promote the forest productivity of conophorium in the future, Among the three terrain factors, the effect of slope was the strongest, the position on slope was the second and the aspect was the last.     

Influence of plantation site and wastewater sludge fertilization on the performance and foliar nutrient status of two willow species grown under SRIC in southern Quebec (Canada)

Salix discolor Mühl. (Sd) and Salix viminalis L. (Sv) were planted under short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) on three unirrigated abandoned farmland sites with different drainage conditions, one well-drained (S₁) and the other two poorly-drained (S₂, S₃). One dose of dried and granulated sludge equivalent to 150 (T₁) kg of “available” N ha⁻¹ was applied to some plots in the spring of the second season while others were left unfertilized (T₀). The aims of the experiment were (i) to investigate plant response (growth and productivity) to plantation site conditions and sludge application; (ii) study nutrient status by foliar analysis. Over three seasons, growth in height and aboveground biomass were greater for S. viminalis than for S. discolor on all sites. S. viminalis planted on poorly-drained site 2 had the highest biomass yield (45.28 t ha⁻¹). Both species showed best height and diameter growth on poorly-drained sites. For both species, best performances were obtained on wastewater sludge fertilized plots. Comparative foliar analysis suggested that unfertilized sandy soil (S₁) and low foliar nitrogen concentration and content were limiting factors in the performance of the two species. Soil nitrate concentration increased as a result of sludge application. Heavy metal accumulation from sludge does not represent a risk to the environment. It was concluded that S. viminalis had the best productivity on clay sites, and that a moderate dose of dried and pelleted sludge (150 kg of “available” N ha⁻¹) may be a good fertilizer during the establishment of willows in SRIC, and may reduce nitrate leaching.     

Spatial pattern and regeneration dynamics in a temperate Abies–Tsuga forest in southwestern Japan

This article reports the regeneration dynamics of a temperate Abies–Tsuga forest in Kirishima Yaku National Park, southwestern Japan, and examines the influence of species coexistence mediated by gap disturbances on biomass production. All trees taller than 2 m in a 1-ha plot were monitored over four growing seasons. Three growth-form groups occupied different vertical layers. Evergreen conifers and deciduous broad-leaved trees tended to be spatially segregated from evergreen broad-leaved trees, which formed thickets in the understorey. The regeneration of understorey evergreen broad-leaved trees was affected by canopy gaps. The recruitment of conifers and deciduous broad-leaved species was not observed during the four growing seasons. This suggests that regeneration is sporadic and the present environmental conditions are not favorable for these canopy species. The mortality and unsuccessful recruitment of conifers and deciduous trees appeared to cause fluctuations in the productivity of the stand. However, an abundance of canopy gaps accelerates the regrowth of shorter species, and the fluctuation of productivity resulting from the population dynamics of canopy species would be partly mitigated by the regeneration of evergreen understorey species. The horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of the temperate mixed forest was a result of the patch structures of the three growth-form groups. The different regeneration patterns among the three groups, which were driven by interactions of species-specific regeneration niches and disturbance regimes, might be an important factor in maintaining the aboveground productivity in a transitional mixed forest between warm-temperate and cool-temperate zones.     

Schmallenberg virus epidemic: Impact on milk production,reproductive performance and mortality in dairy cattle in the Netherlands and Kleve district,Germany

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel orthobunyavirus that rapidly spread throughout north-western Europe in 2011, caused congenital malformations in lambs and goat kids (Van den Brom et al., 2012) and newborn calves (Hoffmann et al., 2012). The impact of the SBV epidemic seemed limited however, in terms of the number of affected herds with malformed offspring (European Food Safety Authority, 2012b). Nevertheless, little is known with regard to the overall within-herd impact of SBV infection. The objective of the current study was to quantify the impact of the 2011 SBV epidemic on the productivity of dairy cattle in the Netherlands and the district of Kleve, Germany.     

赤水河流域毛竹林生产力对尿素和不同配方系列复合肥的响应1）

采用随机区组设计,试验了氮、磷和钾水平不同组合的复合肥配方系列及尿素对赤水河流域毛竹林生产力的影响。结果表明：①不同处理对毛竹林出笋成竹量和成竹率、新竹平均胸径和胸高断面积、以及竹秆、枝叶等地上生物量有增产效应,差异不显著。综合效应指数排序为复合肥F （271．34％）＞尿素（228．33％）＞复合肥G （160．46％）＞对照（100．00％）。②复合肥F的出笋量、成竹量、新竹平均胸径、胸高断面积,秆材量和枝叶生物量分别为对照的110．53％、107．22％、103．61％、113．62％、114.93％和109．70％。除出笋量增幅仅中下水平外,成竹量、新竹质量和生物量增幅较大,适宜于毛竹林大径材培育。③复合肥G和尿素的出笋成竹量增幅较大,复合肥G的新竹质量和生物量增幅较小,不及尿素的中上水平,前者可作为笋用林和笋材兼用林培育肥种、肥效较低,后者肥效应较高、不利于地力维护,生产上宜慎用。     

四川盆地发展香椿芽蔬菜和香椿用材兼用林前景探讨

本文通过对四川盆地北部、东北部、中部、西部、南部和东部香椿资源和香椿芽无公害森林蔬菜的培育技术研究,划分出香椿的立地条件类型,得出优质红椿芽的产量高,并对优质红椿芽的综合质量进行了排名,以评价其生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

Fatty acid composition of 12 microalgae for possible use in aquaculture feed

Twelve algal strains representing the classes Cyanophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Xantophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae were selected mainly from the culture collection of the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA). The algae were grown as continuous cultures in a 1.8 l. reactor, internally illuminated with an 11 W fluorescent tube. The retention time was adjusted in the range 2–4 days to fit the growth rate of the algae. The growth responses and fatty acid composition were analysed. The maximum production rate was obtained with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (0.63 g 1⁻¹ day⁻¹) and the lowest with Porphyridium cruentum 0.13 g 1⁻¹ day⁻¹. Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were the dominating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in P. cruentum, while only EPA accumulated in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the major PUFA in Isochrysis galbana, while Pavlova sp. had both EPA and DHA. This is the first report on the fatty acid profiles of Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chroococcus sp., Synechococcus sp. and Tribonema sp.