坛紫菜薄叶新品系选育及经济性状的比较

对坛紫菜人工杂交和选育的Z-26、Z-61和Z-81品系的F2、F3代的经济性状进行比较,旨在选育优良的薄叶新品系。实验结果表明,（1）Z-61新品系藻体薄,厚度约为26～32μm,培养期间经两次剪收,厚度增长不明显,日平均增厚0.32～0.35μm/d;Z-81藻体厚度为36～40μm,比Z-61厚38～50%,剪收后厚度增长明显,日平均增厚0.60～0.70μm/d,经两次剪收后藻体厚度可达52μm;Z-26新品系厚度为30～42μm,剪收后厚度日增长介于Z-61和Z-81新品系之间,为0.37～0.55μm/d;（2）Z-61的F3代在低氮、磷培育液培养8d,藻体虽然发黄但未死亡,移至含有氮、磷的正常培养液中培养2～3d,色泽和生长均可恢复正常;Z-81F3代和Z-26F3代在低氮、磷下生长较Z-61F3代慢,恢复时间需要3～5d;（3）Z-61F2代第1次剪收时的藻胆蛋白含量较Z-26、Z-81品系高30.2%～34.4%,叶绿素a含量比Z-81高13.8%～44.7%。以上研究结果可为选育薄叶型坛紫菜,提高坛紫菜的质量和经济效益奠定基础。     

坛紫菜叶状体RNA提取方法的改良与比较

为提取高质量的坛紫菜叶状体总RNA,对常用的几种植物RNA提取方法(CTAB法、SDS法、异硫氰酸胍法)按照去除多糖、多酚的方法进行了改良,并对分离的总RNA根据吸光值、电泳图谱及RT-PCR检测等结果与两种试剂盒(离心柱试剂盒法,RNAiso法)的提取结果进行了比较。结果表明,SDS法、异硫氰酸胍法和RNAiso法3种方法提取的RNA纯度低,质量差,部分RNA已经发生了降解。而改良CTAB法和离心柱试剂盒法提取的总RNA质量可靠,完整性好,纯度高,并且成功去除了可能影响逆转录酶活性的物质,可以进一步应用于cDNA文库构建,基因表达分析等后续实验,但这两种方法各有优缺点,应根据实际情况选用合适方法进行坛紫菜叶状体总RNA的分离。     

5.8S rDNA-ITS区片段的序列分析在坛紫菜种质鉴定中的应用

为探讨DNA序列标记技术在坛紫菜种质鉴定中的应用,对10个野生坛紫菜种质材料的5.8S rDNA-ITS区进行PCR扩增和序列分析,结果发现扩增的片段长度在1 208~1 219 bp之间,可以分为ITS1区,5.8S区和ITS2区3个部分,其中5.8S区片段的长度完全一致,均为160 bp;ITS1区和ITS2区片段的长度也非常接近,只有几个碱基的差异。多重序列比对发现10个种质材料的ITS区（包括ITS1和ITS2）序列都存在一定差异,序列同源性在95.82％~99.73％之间,而5.8S区序列则完全一致,但与其它种紫菜的5.8S区序列有很大差异,序列同源性在79.7％~95.0％之间。由此认为5.8S rDNA-ITS区这种高度保守区和高变区交替排列的形式可以成为坛紫菜种质鉴定及系统进化分析的强有力工具。     

Growth performance of weaning red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) fed with Macrocystis pyrifera plantlets and Porphyra columbina compared with a formulated diet

A feeding experiment was carried out to evaluate two natural diets versus a formulated feed on the performance of weaning red abalone Haliotis rufescens . Four treatment diets were then investigated: a formulated diet; plantlets from culture Macrocystis pyrifera, Porphyra columbina from natural beds; and a mixed diet consisting of a blend of fresh P. columbina together with the formulated diet. This study was performed in a shallow aquaculture system with a horizontal water flow. After 90 days, significant differences were observed between treatments. The highest growth was obtained with Porphyra (3.3 mm month⁻¹), followed by the mixed diet (2.6 mm month⁻¹), then Macrocystis (2.1 mm month⁻¹) and lastly the formulated diet (1.4 mm month⁻¹). Moreover, after the diets were tested for stability and remnant nutrients after a 12-h water immersion, a positive trend appeared to be related to the protein/energy (P:E). It is concluded that fronds of P. columbina resulted in the best diet for weaning H. rufescens under horizontal water flow systems, even if apparently the water stability of the formulated diet had a negative impact on abalone performance, particularly due to a poor nutrient retention capacity. Therefore, formulated diets should be improved before being recommended for weaning red abalone.     

Physicochemical responses of Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota), the causative organism of red rot disease in Porphyra to acidification

Physicochemical responses to acidification in Pythium porphyrae , the causative organism of red rot disease in Porphyra , were investigated. The acid tolerance of P. porphyrae mycelia under pH 4 (acidic condition) condition increased significantly compared with that of the mycelia under pH 8 (condition equivalent to seawater) condition. Free amino acid levels in the mycelia decreased 1.3–8.8-fold under pH 4 condition. However, some free amino acids such as the d -cysteinolic acid-like component, phosphoethanolamine, glutamic acid, aminoadipic acid and methionine increased 2.6–21.7-fold under the same condition. Proton flux on the mycelia exposed to pH 8 increased significantly compared with the mycelia exposed to pH 4. The patterns of proteins present (examined by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) differed among the pH conditions. These results suggest that P. porphyrae acquires acid tolerance and is able to adapt to the changing pH conditions. This has significant implications for the use of acidic fungicide treatment for prevention of red rot disease on Porphyra farms.     

条斑紫菜对胶州湾湿地浅海富营养化状况的生物修复效果

对胶州湾湿地海域条斑紫菜Porphyra yezoensis Ueda养殖区水环境进行了现场调查和研究,对紫菜生长吸收N、P营养盐的效果进行了实验研究,在此基础上综合分析了紫菜对富营养化海水的生物修复效果。研究结果表明,条斑紫菜养殖对胶州湾湿地海水中过剩的营养盐有明显的控制作用,养殖区氮、磷营养盐和有机碳含量以及水质营养指数均低于周边对照区。实验条件下,紫菜生长吸收N、P营养盐和降低海水富营养化程度的效果显著。各实验周期水体中的无机氮含量下降幅度为17.15%～21.26%,活性磷酸盐含量下降幅度为55.73%～61.12%,表明紫菜叶状体生长对磷的吸收量明显高于对氮的吸收量。另外,各换水周期实验海水的营养指数值由2.211～2.592降至0.749～0.873,降低幅度为63.32%～69.39%,海水富营养化等级由"中度富营养"降至"贫营养"。根据胶州湾湿地海域的环境条件,通过大规模栽培大型海藻,可大量去除海水中的N、P、C等生源要素,有效降低海水富营养化水平。     

条斑紫菜对高浓度氮、磷的耐受性研究

试验结果表明,条斑紫菜外植体的存活及正常生长发育,可适应与耐受的氮质量浓度50～150 mg/L,磷质量浓度5～15 mg/L.当氮质量浓度超过150 mg/L时,条斑紫菜外植体的存活及生长发育受到抑制;而磷质量浓度超过15 mg/L时,对条斑紫菜外植体的存活及生长产生抑制,紫菜果孢子囊的形成则可耐受磷质量浓度25 mg/L.     

Immunomodulatory and Antitumoral Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Red Algae Aqueous Extracts

This study reports on the green and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles from three different red algae extracts. The nanoparticles synthesized were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, and Z-potential. Relevant components occurring in the extracts, such as polysaccharides or phenolic content, were assessed by analytical techniques such as spectrophotometric assays and liquid chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory potential of both the extracts and the gold nanoparticles synthesized were analyzed in order to determine a possible synergistic effect on the nanoparticles. The results obtained confirmed the obtainment of gold nanoparticles with significant potential as immunotherapeutic agents. The therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles could be higher than that of inert gold nanoparticles loaded with bioactive molecules since the former would allow for higher accumulation into the targeted tissue.     

上海低盐海区的坛紫菜栽培试验

为建立低盐度海区的紫菜栽培模式,选用人工选育的耐低盐坛紫菜品系(DY-1),于2010—2013年在芦潮港海区开展了生产性栽培试验.2010—2011年度试验栽培面积为0.2 hm2,获得了初步成功;2011—2012和2012—2013两个年度试验栽培面积均为1 hm2,生产期分别为181 d和174 d,均采收了4...