温度和营养盐对条斑紫菜体细胞生长发育的影响

文章研究了温度(15℃、20℃、23℃)和营养盐浓度(0mg/L、25mg/L、50mg/L、100mg/L)对条斑紫菜体细胞生长发育的影响,结果表明,条斑紫菜体细胞在温度20℃,营养盐浓度50mg/L时生长的最好。     

海水围塘生态栽培坛紫菜

紫菜（Porphym sp）原是生长在潮间带的岩礁上，尤其是在风浪大、潮流畅通的海区生长良好。经过多年的人工栽培，紫菜已适应于在潮间带和浅海的养殖筏架的栽培。坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）作为浙江、福建海区常见的栽培藻类和重要的食用经济海藻，有近40年栽培的历史。但潮间带可以用作栽培坛紫菜的空间越来越小，必须开拓新的栽培空间。在围塘栽培紫菜则是一种新开拓的栽培方法。     

Characterization of a cDNA encoding a homolog of actin-related protein 4 from a marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis

ABSTRACT:   A cDNA ( PyARP4 ) containing an open reading frame for a protein of 573 amino acids was identified in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis . The conceptual PyARP4 protein exhibits significant similarity to actin-related protein (ARP) 4 in the terrestrial plant Arabidopsis . Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence showed moderate sequence identity (30%) to a conventional actin in P. yezoensis , as seen in comparisons between ARP and conventional actins of other organisms. A putative bipartite nuclear localization signal and an actin motif were found within the PyARP4 amino acid sequence. In a phylogenetic analysis, the PyARP4 was found to cluster with the ARP4 of other organisms. The expression level of PyARP4 did not change significantly among four developmental stages of life cycle and was lower than that of a conventional actin. This cDNA therefore may serve as a useful internal standard in gene expression analyses of differentially expressed genes in P. yezoensis .     

贝壳紫菜单孢子和叶状体的研究

贝壳紫菜的叶状体是由丝状体直接产生的。通过试验，笔者发现贝壳紫菜生活史中虽没有壳孢子，但存在着单孢子。由单孢子萌发发生的叶状体在形态上与由丝状体直接发育而来的叶状体相似，而前者的生长速度较后者快。经Ｗｉｔｔｍａｎｎ氏染色法染色，１－３细胞期的单孢子幼叶状体的细胞间不存在胞间联系。本种的单孢子囊仅出现在叶状体成熟阶段，在幼苗期未发现有单孢子放散。由于在贝壳紫菜的生活史中存在果孢子和单孢子而没有壳孢子     

Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates prepared by two bacterial agarases stepwise hydrolyzed and their anti-oxidative properties

Twenty algal-oligosaccharide-lysates (AOLs), derived from six agars and four algal polysaccharide extracts (APEs), were treated first with agarases with 250 or 500 agarase activity units (AU), which were produced from the agar-liquefying bacterial strain Pseudomonas vesicularis MA103, named MA103-agarases. The AOLs were then treated with agarases (250 or 500 AU) derived from the agar-softening bacterial strain Aeromonas salmonicida MAEF 108, named MAEF 108-agarases. Anti-oxidative properties of the AOLs were evaluated by five in vitro methods. The AOL obtained from the APE of Porphyra dentate, digested by 250 AU of MA 103-agarases, and by 250 AU of MAEF 108-agarases, designated as A₂₅₀-Por, showed better results than the 19 other AOLs. This result is in accordance with the level of soluble total polyphenols (STP) of A₂₅₀-Por, which was also higher than the remainder of the AOLs tested. The AOL derived from the APE of P. dentate, digested by 500 AU of MA103-agarases and then 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases, and designated as B₅₀₀-Por, displayed the second highest data in four potential evaluation methods, except in H₂O₂ scavenging capacity. In this study, certain agars or APEs digested by specific agarases can present an increasing antioxidative capacity. These agars include Bitek agar, Agar powder, Bacteriological, Agar Bacteriological, and Guanghui agar, plus APEs of Gracilaria sp. and Monostroma nitidum decomposed stepwise by two agarases. The fraction of polyphenols (<1 kDa) that were derived from A₂₅₀-Por showed anti-oxidative activities on α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reducing power determination, while the remaining four agar-lytic fractions obtained from A₂₅₀-Por did not exhibit anti-oxidative activity. This phenomenon may suggest that anti-oxidative properties of AOLs originate in polyphenols. Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates may have potential use as a health food.     

基于液质联用技术的坛紫菜甘油-3-磷酸胁迫响应分析

甘油-3-磷酸作为渗透压调节物红藻糖苷的合成前体物,参与藻类抗逆应答过程。为了解坛紫菜的抗逆机制,通过超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS)建立甘油-3-磷酸的定量分析方法,分析非生物(温度、盐度和干出)胁迫下的甘油-3-磷酸响应规律。结果表明,温度胁迫1 h后,甘油-3-磷酸的含量快速变化,当温度高于23℃时,甘油-3-磷酸含量与胁迫温度成正比,而在12℃低温下,甘油-3-磷酸的含量反而下降;盐度胁迫促使甘油-3-磷酸的含量快速上升,且高盐胁迫下的变化显著高于低盐环境;而短时间1 h干出胁迫后的甘油-3-磷酸含量略有上升(1.19倍,与对照组相比),但随着干出时间继续延长,甘油-3-磷酸含量总体呈现下降趋势。温度、盐度和干出胁迫后的坛紫菜进行恢复培养后,甘油-3-磷酸含量均趋于对照组水平。综上可知,甘油-3-磷酸可快速响应环境胁迫,这为坛紫菜红藻糖苷抗逆机制的多层次研究奠定了基础。     

Preparation of algal-oligosaccharide mixtures by bacterial agarases and their antioxidative properties

ABSTRACT:   Algal-oligosaccharide-lysates (AOL), derived from six agars and four algal polysaccharide extracts (APE), were treated with 100–500 activity units (AU) of MA103-agarases or MAEF108-agarases, and their antioxidative properties evaluated. Soluble total polyphenols (TP) were between 462.2 ± 1.6 gallic acid equivalents (GAE, µg/mL) and 70.6 ± 17.4 GAE. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of all AOL went from 68.3 ± 0.7% to 0.5 ± 0.1%. The ferrous ion chelating capacity of all AOL went from 93.1 ± 0.2% to 21.7 ± 0.9%. Evaluation of the H₂O₂ scavenging capacity of all AOL was between 35.9 ± 5.4% and 0.1 ± 0.2%. The reducing power of all AOL went from 51.3 ± 2.6 to 3.2 ± 6.8 expressed as µg/mL ascorbic acid. In DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ferrous ion chelating capacity and reducing power etc., the AOL derived from the APE of Porphyra dentate (digested by 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases) were highest, in all test sets. However, the AOL derived from the APE of Monostroma nitidum (digested by 500 AU of MAEF108-agarases) had the highest H₂O₂ scavenging capacity in all test sets. The order of antioxidative activity performance of all AOL treated in this experiment, by these four antioxidative methods, is as follows: ferrous ion chelating capacity > DPPH radical scavenging capacity > H₂O₂ scavenging capacity > reducing power; this may be related to their polyphenols, small molecular weight polysaccharides or simple sugar constituents. In this study, it is demonstrated that various agarases derived from algal oligosaccharide mixtures possess good potential for use as a health food, due to their antioxidative capacity.     

条斑紫菜叶状体色落症的初步研究

通过海区采样，运用光镜和电镜观察等实验方法，研究了条斑紫菜叶状体色落症，并对患病紫菜加工成的干品进行了初步的品质分析。光镜检查结果表明，患病藻体细胞的液泡很大，色素体萎缩或是挤向细胞边缘，藻体基部死亡细胞较多；电镜下患病藻体细胞的红藻淀粉颗粒增多。品质分析显示，患色落症干紫菜的总糖含量明显高于正常干紫菜，粗蛋白、脂肪、色素和游离氨基酸等指标均比正常干紫菜低，尤其是三种呈味氨基酸（Asp，Glu和Ala）所占比例非常低，由此造成紫菜品质低劣，对紫菜质量的影响较大。对健康藻体和患病藻体进行红外线活体吸收光谱的测定结果也表明，患色落症的藻体色素含量极低。用添加营养盐的海水对患色落症的藻体进行培养，发现6d后藻体色泽均有不同程度的恢复，藻体细胞也逐渐恢复到正常。