鞭毛蛋白及鸡GM-CSF重组新城疫病毒对鸡的免疫增强作用

为评价鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白(FliC)以及鸡GM-CSF(chGM-CSF)对新城疫病毒(NDV)弱毒疫苗的免疫增强效果,本实验通过PCR扩增fliC,并合成chGM-CSF编码基因,分别构建重组质粒pBrClone30-fliC和pBrClone30-GM-CSF,拯救获得重组病毒rClone30-fliC和rClone30-GM-CSF。RT-PCR和ELISA检测结果表明:fliC和chGM-CSF基因正确插入重组病毒,并获得稳定表达;重组病毒免疫7 d后重组NDV HI抗体效价检测显示,实验组平均HI效价分别达到4.5 log2和4.8 log2,而r Clone30组和空白组HI效价仅为3 log2和1 log2;免疫7 d后攻毒,空白组SPF鸡均死亡,rClone30组有两例发病,实验组SPF鸡全部存活并且无任何临床症状。本研究结果表明,FliC和chGM-CSF作为佐剂能够有效提高弱毒疫苗的免疫效果。     

基于SRAP的辣木种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析

为探讨辣木(Moringa spp.)种质资源间的遗传关系,采用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)分子标记方法对18份辣木种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析.结果表明,从170对引物中筛选出13对多态性较高的引物组合,共扩增出104条清晰稳...     

紫薇花器官发育调控基因LiFUL1的分离与表达分析

紫薇湘韵具有只开花不结实的特性,表现为花药不开裂、花粉败育、胚珠发育异常。紫薇红叶为普通紫薇,可正常开花结实。以紫薇湘韵为试验材料,采用RT-PCR方法,从花芽中分离得到1个FRUITFULL(FUL)同源基因,命名为LiFUL1(GenBank登录号为MN894547)。序列分析结果表明,其cDNA开放阅读框长度为753 bp,编码251个氨基酸,分子质量为28.453 13 ku。序列比对和保守结构域分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因编码蛋白具有典型的MADS-MEF2和K-box结构域,C末端含有一个保守性高的基序euFUL MOTIF,因此,LiFUL1属于MADS家族的FUL/AP1亚家族。进化分析表明,紫薇的LiFUL1基因编码的蛋白氨基酸序列与木本植物蓝桉的FUL/AP1氨基酸序列亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,LiFUL1基因在紫薇湘韵花器官分化阶段的花萼分化时期、花瓣与雄蕊分化时期、雄蕊与雌蕊分化时期的表达量显著高于紫薇红叶。另外,利用原核表达系统在大肠埃希菌中成功表达了LiFUL1蛋白,为进一步研究LiFUL1基因的功能奠定了基础。     

红马银花的资源状况及其生长规律的调查研究

目的分析红马银花(Rhododendron vialii)的遗传多样性以推测其濒危原因,为保护和开发利用红马银花提供理论依据。方法利用SSR分子标记技术,对云南省4个红马银花居群共155个个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。结果8个位点共检测到57个多态性位点,平均每个位点有6对等位基因;在物种水平上具有较高遗传多样性(不同等位基因数N_e=2.780±0.166,有效等位基因数N_a=5.563±0.269,Shannon’s信息指数I=1.156±0.057,观测杂合度H_o=0.546±0.038,期望杂合度H_e=0.598±0.025)。AMOVA分析显示：遗传多样性81%来自居群内,19%来自居群之间,并且居群分化系数(F_st)为0.094±0.020。居群内近交系数(F_is)为0.088±0.081;Structure聚类分析将4个居群聚为2组。结论导致红马银花濒危的主要原因是生境遭到破坏,遗传多样性暂时没有受到很大的影响,建议主要以就地保护为宜。     

不同种源刨花润楠苗期生长及叶片性状变异的研究

以刨花润楠主要分布区的14个种源为研究对象,在广州增城开展种源试验,通过对14个种源的刨花润楠苗高、地径、叶面积、叶周长等性状进行观测,分析不同种源苗期性状的遗传变异规律。结果表明：3个生长性状种源间和种源内变异系数相当,其种源间和种源内生长性状变异均较丰富;8个叶片性状种源间的变异系数为17.52%～44.71%,不同种源间叶片性状亦变异明显;生长性状的种源遗传力均大于0.750,说明在一定程度上刨花润楠的苗高、地径等苗期生长性状受自身遗传控制,且不同种源间变异明显,种源选择潜力较大。刨花润楠苗期生长性状的地理及气候变异趋势不明显,表现出随机现象;苗木生长性状与叶片大小呈负相关,即叶片越大、叶柄越长,苗木生长有变慢的趋势;对种源苗期性状进行聚类,可将刨花润楠14个种源划分为5个类群;刨花润楠苗期生长及叶片性状有一定的地理趋势,但也有一定的随机性。以地径为标准对刨花润楠优良种源进行筛选,初步选出永春、兴安、昭平3个种源作为适宜广东地区造林的优势种源。     

花椰菜主要性状遗传规律以及性状相关性分析

总结了花椰菜的单球质量、成熟期、株高株展、花球品质等主要性状的遗传规律以及性状之间的相关性,并得出结论:花椰菜主要性状遗传规律以及性状相关性研究对育种研究具有重要指导意义,但必须注重与田间调查相结合,只有将遗传规律与田间调查有机结合才能提高育种效率,提高育种水平。     

An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day⁻¹, with metabolic body weight = body weight^0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.     

The value of incorporating carcass trait phenotypes in terminal sire selection indexes to improve carcass weight and quality of heavy lambs

Genetic selection for carcass traits is paramount to maximize the profitability and long‐term sustainability of any meat‐producing livestock species. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of indicator traits for the genetic improvement of lamb carcass traits and to determine the value of including carcass traits into terminal sire selection indexes for the Canadian sheep industry. The carcass traits included hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth at the GR site (FATGR) and average carcass conformation score (AVGCONF), and were measured on heavy lambs (slaughter age less than 365 days and HCW greater than 16.3 kg) in commercial abattoirs. Growth traits were found to be moderately efficient indicator traits for the genetic improvement of HCW but selection on ultrasound traits was necessary to substantially improve the carcass quality traits (FATGR and AVGCONF). Economic selection indexes were designed by adding various combinations of carcass traits into the Canadian Sheep Genetic Evaluation System terminal indexes. Records measured on individuals and progeny were assumed to be the sources of information for live animal and carcass traits, respectively. The changes in index accuracy, efficiency and expected correlated response were used to assess the value of their inclusion. HCW was found to have a large economic value, and its inclusion into terminal selection indexes was expected to substantially increase their accuracy (0.08–0.12 points) and efficiency (20%–30%). However, further including FATGR (measured 110 mm from the carcass midline over the 12th rib) and AVGCONF had little impact on the accuracy (≤0.03) and efficiency (1%–7%) of the proposed indexes. Thus, the inclusion of carcass traits into the existing terminal selection indexes could be beneficial for the genetic improvement of HCW, but further research is needed to determine optimal methods of increasing carcass fatness and muscularity.     

Genetic analysis for sow stayability at different parities in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs

Genetic parameters for sow stayability were estimated from farrowing records of 10,295 Landrace sows and 8192 Large White sows. The record for sow stayability from parity k to parity k + 1 (k = 1, …, 6) was 0 when a sow had a farrowing record at parity k but not at parity k + 1, and 1 when a sow had both records. Heritability was estimated by using single-trait linear and threshold animal models. Genetic correlations among parities were estimated by using two-trait linear–linear and single-trait random regression linear animal models. Genetic correlations with litter traits at birth were estimated by using a two-trait linear–linear animal model. Heritability estimates by linear model analysis were low (0.065–0.119 in Landrace & 0.061–0.157 in Large White); those by threshold model analysis were higher (0.136–0.200 & 0.110–0.283). Genetic correlations among parities differed between breeds and models. Genetic correlation between sow stayability and number born alive was positive in many cases, implying that selection for number born alive does not reduce sow stayability. The results seem to be affected by decisions on culling made by farmers.