用双磷酸淀粉增强牛皮箱板纸强度的试验

在牛皮箱板纸的面浆中添加少量的双磷酸淀粉，具有较好的增强效果，如与化学合成助剂配合使用，其效果更为明显．此方案是一条增强纸板强度、投资少、见效快的有效途径．     

植物根部细胞钾离子转运机制及其分子基础

植物根系钾转运机制及其分子基础研究是目前国际植物营养科学的热点之一。本介绍植物根系钾吸收的两个过程－－高亲和力钾转运和低亲和钾运转的力学机制，钾转运机制蝗分子生物学基础及其研究方法。     

中国莲PHT1家族成员的生物信息学分析

以植物PHT1家族蛋白为研究对象,基于中国莲(Nelumbo nucifera)全基因组数据库,利用生物信息学方法发掘中国莲可能存在的PHT1家族成员,并对中国莲PHT1家族成员进行序列比对、系统进化、保守序列、跨膜结构、二级结构和亚细胞定位等分析。结果表明,从中国莲全基因组数据库中筛选获得4个PHT1蛋白,分别命名为:Nn PHT1:1、NnPHT1:2、NnPHT1:3、NnPHT1:4。它们在植物PHT1家族中属于GroupⅠ,均含有保守序列:GGDYPLSATIxSE。该序列具有11~12个跨膜区域,且保守序列位于第4个跨膜区域内,均定位于细胞质膜,且在细胞内侧第6和第7个跨膜区域之间均含有一个较大的细胞胞质内环结构;磷酸化位点和糖基化位点的数量范围分别在33~50个和4~9个;二级结构中α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构的数量总和均高于70%。研究结果展示了中国莲的PHT1家族成员的序列基本信息和结构特点,为深入研究中国莲的该家族成员基因及其编码蛋白的结构功能提供理论依据。     

不同磷肥用量及施用方式对土壤有效磷分布和冬小麦产量的影响

为了最大程度提高磷肥的增产潜力,实现冀中南施肥减量增效,通过田间试验和室内检测的方法,研究了以固体磷肥全部底施为对照,不同施磷处理对土壤有效磷分布和冬小麦产量及产量因素的影响。结果表明：（1）与习惯施磷肥方式相比,水肥一体化喷施液磷肥可使20~60 cm土层有效磷含量提高明显;（2）减少基施固体磷肥,改为春季水肥一体化喷施液态磷肥,可增加穗粒数和千粒重,提高冬小麦产量;（3）磷肥施用宜底施固体(P₂O₅) 90 kg/hm²的基础上,春季喷施液态(P₂O₅) 30 kg/hm²小麦产量效果为佳。底施固体磷肥,并在春季分2次平均水肥一体化追施液体磷肥,可实现磷肥施用“下移增效”。     

根际耐盐真菌分离筛选及溶磷促生性能分析

溶磷微生物可提高土壤中有效磷含量,但目前筛选的溶磷菌株在盐渍化土壤中应用的潜力有限。以滨海盐生植物根际土壤为材料,分离筛选可用于盐碱土改良的高效耐盐解磷菌株,为盐碱土生物菌肥的研制提供优质菌种资源。结果表明,北戴河湿地及曹妃甸湿地的3种原生盐地植物根际土壤中共分离筛选无机磷降解菌株5株和有机磷降解菌株3株,命名为C1-C7和G1,均能耐受10%的盐浓度。菌株间解磷能力差异显著,D/d为1.05~1.81,无机磷降解菌解磷量为26.61~4415.00mg/L,与对照相比有效磷增量为0.80~4371.10mg/L;有机磷降解菌解磷量为1.96~5.79mg/L,有效磷增量-3.40~0.20mg/L,有效磷含量与D/d之间相关性不强。其中菌株C1降解无机磷能力最强,溶磷量达4397.70mg/L,吲哚乙酸（IAA）分泌量为33.07mg/L,经分子鉴定该菌株为草酸青霉,是一株高效耐盐解磷菌,兼具促生作用,可以考虑作为盐碱地改良菌肥的重点菌种,与植物协同改良修复中重度盐碱土,可有效提高盐碱地土壤肥力,有更好的应用潜力。     

PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway mediates ABC transporter regulating multidrug resistance in human colon cancer HCT-15 cells

AIM: To investigate whether the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates the expression of ABC transporter through the downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway and participates in the multidurg resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT-15 cells. METHODS: Colorectal cancer HCT-15 cells were cultured and then treated with GSK-3β inhibitor (HY-19807) and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor (HY-13898), respectively. The median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of oxaliplatin for HCT-15 cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 assay, the inhibition rate and resistance index were also calculated. The protein levels of Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK3β-Ser9 and ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2) in the HCT-15 cells were determined by Western blot. The mRNA expression of ABC transporter in the HCT-15 cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The cell cycle distributions were analyzed by flow cytometry assasy. RESULTS: After GSK-3β inhibitor HY-19807 was used in the HCT-15 cells, the median inhibitory concentration of oxaliplatin was significantly increased, the protein levels of p-GSK3β-Ser9, P-gp and MRP-2 were up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05), the changes of Akt and p-Akt were not obvious compared with control group (P>0.05). The results of RT-qPCR also showed that the mRNA levels of ABCB1 and ABCC2 were increased (P<0.01). Meanwhile, analysis of the cell cycle distribution showed that GSK-3β inhibitor HY-19807 promoted HCT-15 cell transition from G₁ phase to S phase, and cell proliferation was vigorous. After the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor HY-13898 was applied to HCT-15 cells, the IC₅₀ of oxaliplatin was decreased compared with control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the protein levels of p-Akt, p-GSK3β-Ser9, P-gp and MRP-2 were down-regulated (P<0.01). RT-qPCR results also showed that the mRNA expression of ABCB1 and ABCC2 was decreased (P<0.01). At the same time, G₁ phase was prolonged, which inhibited cell transition from G₁ phase to S phase, and inhibited cell proliferation. The protein expression of total GSK-3β was consistent in each group. CONCLUSION: The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in the proliferation and multidrug resistance of colorectal cancer HCT-15 cells by regulating the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and changing the expression of ABC transporter.     

Effect of renal transporter Glut9 on hyperuricemia in rats induced by fructose

AIM: To explore the effect of renal transporter glucose transporter 9 (Glu9) on hyperuricemia in the rats induced by fructose.METHODS: SD male rats (n=30) were randomly divided into normal group, model group and benzbromarone group, according to the weight. The rats in normal group was given water, while the rats in model group and benzbromarone group were given 10% fructose solution to establish hyperuricemia model. At the same time, the rats in normal group and model group were given a gavage of distilled water, while the rats in benzbromarone group were given benzbromarone at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The rats were sacrificed on the 40th day. The serum uric acid (SUA) and urinary uric acid (UUA) were detected to calculate the clearance rate of uric acid (CUA) in the kidney. The activity of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) was also measured. The expression of renal Glut9 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: From the 20th day to the 40th day, the SUA in model group was significantly higher than that in normal group, but the UUA and CUA had no difference. On the 20th day, the SUA in benzbromarone group was markedly decreased as compared with model group, but UUA and CUA had no significant difference. On the 40th day, the hepatic XOD activity in model group was significantly elevated, and no difference of XOD between model group and the benzbromarone group was observed. Compared with normal group, the protein expression of Glut9 in the renal tissues of model group were markedly increased, and that in benzbromarone group was significantly lower than that in model group. However, no difference of the Glut9 mRNA expression was observed among groups. CONCLUSION: Fructose drinking induces hyperuricemia in rats, which is probably related to the up-regulation of renal Glut9 expression at protein level, and the increase in the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys.     

Soil properties related to phosphate buffering in calcareous soils

Abstract

In a group of 24 related calcareous soils, derived from Jurassic oolitic limestone, there was marked variability (13‐fold) in phosphate buffering when expressed as the maximum buffer capacity. This variability was most closely related to the iron content and pH of the soils, and these together accounted for 72% of the variance. This percentage was not increased by including CaC0₃ content or organic matter, which were also correlated with the maximum buffer capacity. A high correlation with specific surface area of CaCO₃ was probably an indirect effect due to the high correlation between this variable and the Fe and pH of the soils.

The equilibrium buffer capacity, which is the traditional measure of phosphate buffering, was less variable but quite unrelated to all the soil properties measured except the soil surface area. However the maximum buffer capacity and quantity of adsorbed P together accounted for 63% of the variance in this parameter.     

Role of apolipoprotein E in cholesterol efflux mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1

AIM:To investigate the role of apolipoprotein E(ApoE) in cholesterol efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1(ABCG1). METHODS:RAW 264.7 cells were seeded in either 6-well or 24-well plates, and then incubated with 20 mg/L low-density lipoprotein receptor gene knockout(LDLr^-/-) mouse lipoprotein 20 mg/L ApoE gene knockout(ApoE^-/-) mouse lipoprotein or culture medium alone. The changes of intracellular lipid content were measured by transmission electron microscopy and enzymatic colorimetric method. The cholesterol efflux was determined by liquid scintillation. The mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS:The ApoE^-/- mouse lipoprotein increased the content of intracellular cholesterol ester by 60% compared with the control cells. In addition, ApoE^-/- mouse lipoprotein treatment decreased the cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I(ApoA-I) and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) compared with LDLr^-/- mouse lipoprotein treatment. ApoE^-/- mouse lipoprotein treatment inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1 compared with LDLr^-/- mouse lipoprotein treatment. CONCLUSION:Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in the cholesterol efflux of macrophages, which is associated with its regulatory effect on the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1.     

LeHT1、Permease基因在抗、感番茄黄化曲叶病番茄中的表达特征

选用分别含有抗番茄黄化曲叶病(TYLCD)基因Ty-1、Ty-2和Ty-3的3种抗病番茄材料(分别简称TY-1、TY-2和TY-3)和感病番茄品种(苏粉9号),利用携带TYLCV的烟粉虱对所选番茄材料幼苗接种病毒,从核酸水平检测抗病品系和感病品种的病毒侵入时间差异,并检测接种病毒前后己糖转运基因(LeHT1)和透性蛋白基因(Permease)在转录水平上的表达量变化。结果显示,感病品种与抗病品系TY-2在接种第2 d便检测到病毒,抗病品系TY-1和TY-3分别在3 d、15 d检测到病毒,说明病毒侵入时间早晚与番茄的抗病性没有直接关系。感病品种和抗病品系TY-1分别在接种后7 d、20 d有明显的发病症状,抗病品系TY-2和TY-3整个生育期均无发病症状。感病品种接种前LeHT1无明表达,接种后随时间增加表达量先上升后下降;抗病品系TY-2、TY-3在接种前有较高的表达量,接种后随时间增加呈下降趋势,抗病品系TY-1在接种后5 d时降至最低,随后稍有增加。接种后,Per-mease基因在感病品种中表达量显著提高,7 d后略有降低;抗病品系TY-1的Permease基因表达量先降低,15 d时表达量回升;抗病品系TY-2的Permease基因在接种后的表达量增加;抗病品系在TY-3中,Permease基因在接种前后表达水平变化不大,直至15 d时略有升高。接种前、后LeHT1和Permease基因在不同抗病材料和感病材料中具有不同的表达特征,表明不同抗源可能含有不同的抗病信号通路和抗病机制。