雄性不育制种京科968的遗传背景及其表型分析

利用40对SSR核心引物和MaizeSNP3072芯片对京科968雄性不育及常规制种的母本和杂交种进行遗传背景分析发现,雄性不育制种母本不育系S京724与常规制种母本京724之间、雄性不育制种京科968(S京科968)与常规制种京科968(N京科968)之间均未检测到差异位点。结果表明,S京724与京724在株高等农艺性状、单穗粒重等产量性状上的表现均无显著性差异。经花粉I_2-KI染色鉴定,S京科968花粉表现约50%可染、50%败育,与S型细胞质的恢复型F_1代植株花粉育性吻合。多点鉴定结果表明,S京科968与N京科968在株高、穗位高、雄穗分枝数、雄穗主轴长等农艺性状和穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、单穗粒重、容重等产量性状上的表现均无显著性差异。结果证明,利用S型细胞质雄性不育系进行京科968三系配套杂交种制种是切实可行的。     

Breeding by DesignTM

The development of high throughput molecular marker technologies and automated scoring of multiple markers simultaneously has opened the possibilities for the development of highly saturated molecular marker     

紫花苜蓿品种根瘤菌表型多样性研究

选用52株分离自22个紫花苜蓿品种的根瘤菌和34株已知参比菌株,进行生长温度、营养利用、抗生素抗性和耐逆性等113个表型性状研究,结果表明:NWMSH022、NWMSH023和NWMSH028这3株菌抗逆性较强;通过MINTS软件分析,得到数值分类树状图;在89%的相似水平上,除NWMSH009和NWMSH023,供试未知菌株聚为不含已知参比菌株的新表观群,该表观群是否为新属种有待进行基因研究.     

转DREB1A基因地被菊花Fall Color后代综合性状及耐寒性检测

以转35S和rd29A启动子驱动的AtDREB1A基因地被菊花植株为试材,以组织培养微扦插的方式进行繁殖,对获得的转基因各株系无性后代进行性状观察及自然低温条件下的抗性检测。结果表明,转基因株系以茎段为外植体进行组织培养扩繁,植株在大田中移栽成活率高且能够正常生长,与野生型相比,转基因植株株高、冠幅、分枝角度性状存在表型差异,而花期、花色不存在表型差异;转基因各株系在低温胁迫下相对电导率和膜伤害率均明显降低,表明转基因株系增强了对低温的胁迫耐性;2007年冬季转基因株系存活率高,露地越冬能力也明显增强。     

玉米Rf3近等基因系的分子标记辅助回交选育与效益分析

本研究在玉米S组CMS恢复基因Rf3精细定位的基础上,对不同亲本来源的两个群体HSBC1F1、 MYBC2F1及HSBC2F1、 MYBC3F1代,利用多种分子标记开展Rf3近等基因系的辅助选择(MAS)研究,在HSBC1F1群体中,通过一代标记辅助选择,可育单株遗传背景与轮回亲本最高相似程度已达到83.9%,并且,单侧连锁累赘的长度已被控制在8.9 cM以内.在MYBC3     

棉花BC_5F_2代换系的产量及品质相关性状表型分析及QTL定位

本研究利用生产上推广的优良早熟陆地棉栽培品种中棉所36为受体亲本,海岛棉海1为供体亲本,选择培育了一套由303个单株组成的BC5F2代换系。从已构建的BC1F1遗传图谱上以5~10cM为标准挑选391对多态性标记进行分子检测,多数单株含有海岛棉代换片段数为2~10个。对该群体的单株产量、品质性状进行了表型鉴定,存在大量具有优良品质的单株,纤维强度最高的能达到37.8cN/tex,铃重、衣分、纤维长度、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率及纤维强度超轮回亲本分别为17.82%、44.55%、46.86%、33.33%、74.92%、41.58%、42.57%。采用性状-标记间的单向方差分析,共定位了20个与产量性状和33个与纤维品质性状有关的QTL,其中qUN-14-2、qBW-2-20、qFL-2-20和qMV-1-38这4个QTL存在一定的遗传稳定性。鉴定的QTL大多是微效基因,解释表型变异为3.01%~9.69%,该研究为染色体单片段代换系的精细的分子研究奠定了基础。     

Two de novo mutations including 1 novel mutation in FBN1 and genotype-phenotype correlation in 2 Chinese Marfan syndrome families

AIM: To investigate the genetic cause of 2 Chinese families with Marfan syndrome. METHODS: The clinical and laboratory investigations were performed in the 2 unrelated Chinese families. Family 1 had 1 patient with cardiac problem. Family 2 had 2 patients:one died, and the other with respiratory and cardiac problems. Next generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing in the Marfan syndrome causal gene FBN1 were performed in the patient, his unaffected sister and the parents of family 1. Sanger sequencing covering all the exons and intron-exon boundaries were performed in the patient and the parents in family 2. Bioinformatic analysis was engaged in the variations unravelled. Fifty healthy individuals were also investigated in the same manner. RESULTS: Both patients were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome. A novel mutation c.4685G>A(p.Cys1562Tyr) was detected in the patient of family 1 but was absent in his parents and the unaffected sister. This is a previously unreported novel mutation. In the mutation a conserved Cys was substituted by a Tyr in amino acid 1562 affecting a TGF-β binding domain and the secondary structure in the encoded protein. We also detected the mutation c.3706T>C(p.Cys1236Arg) in the patient of family 2. It was absent in the unaffected parents, and therefore was a de novo mutation too. This mutation has been previously reported and known to be associated with neonatal Marfan syndrome. Both mutations were absent in the 50 healthy controls. We also compared the genotype and phenotypes of the 2 families. CONCLUSION: We report 2 de novo mutations in 2 Chinese families with Marfan syndrome. One of the 2 mutations is novel. The phenotype of the mutation c.4685G>A(p.Cys1562Tyr) in family 1 is associated with classical Marfan syndrome, while that of c.3706T>C(p.Cys1236Arg) in family 2 is with neonatal type of Marfan syndrome. De novo mutations may be a cause for a proportion of mutations underlying the disease. The novel mutation also expends the mutational spectrum of the FBN1 gene.     

谷子矮秆突变体d93090的表型变异及其对赤霉素的敏感性分析

谷子矮秆突变体93090（暂命名为d93090）是野生型高秆谷子品系93090经 ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射诱变获得的,本研究对其矮化表型及其对赤霉素的敏感性进行了分析。结果表明,d93090株高约为野生型的60%左右,叶色变深、茎秆稍倾斜、茎节数不变、花期较对照推迟3~5d;幼苗期的苗长、第二叶鞘长和胚轴长均对外源GA₃敏感,拔节期喷施外源GA₃,d93090的株高部分恢复;d93090内源GA_l含量显著低于野生型。d93090突变体是个半矮秆的突变类型,为谷子矮化育种提供了新材料,其矮秆性与GA生物合成途径相关。     

拟南芥CPK10/CPK30双突变体的构建及表型分析

CDPKs是植物细胞内一类重要的钙感受器,拟南芥CPK10属于CDPK家族成员。为研究CPK10及与其同源性较高的CPK30是否共同参与逆境响应。首先构建了cpk10×cpk30双突变体,然后进行多种逆境下的生理表现检测,并利用RT-PCR方法分析2个基因的表达情况。结果显示,模拟干旱、盐、ABA处理拟南芥幼苗后,双突变体与野生型无差异;成苗期双突变体与单突变体对干旱敏感程度类似。转录水平检测到,在干旱胁迫时双突变体中RD29A的表达与野生型及单突变体趋势相反,呈下降趋势;响应ABA的OST1在双突变体中受干旱诱导后0.5 h明显表达上调。成功获得了cpk10×cpk30双突变体,由生理表型和表达分析结果推测CPK10与CPK30可能共同参与了依赖ABA的干旱逆境信号转导过程,且二者之间存在功能冗余。     

不同地区凤眼莲的光合生态功能型及其生态因子分析

以江苏省农业科学院太湖雪堰、南京和滇池白山湾的试验点内种养的凤眼莲为研究材料, 在相同种养时间内, 统一测定不同地区植株的株高和干重的变化及不同叶位光合参数和光合功能叶片的光合-光响应曲线等, 以期阐明不同生态区凤眼莲株型特征形成的生态生理机制, 并为不同地区人工放养凤眼莲的高产栽培提供理论参考和技术支持。结果表明: (1)不同地区种养的凤眼莲株型有较大差异, 滇池的为短地上部分和长根的株型, 其茎叶长/根长为0.4±0.1; 南京的为中等长度的地上部分和短根的株型, 其茎叶长/根长为7.1±0.3;太湖的为长地上部分和中等根长的株型, 其茎叶长/根长为2.0±0.2。(2)形态有差异的不同地区凤眼莲植株的光合表现存在差异, 与南京和滇池地区的相比, 太湖凤眼莲不同叶位的净光合速率(Pn) 最高(25.9~35.3μmol·m^-2·s^-1); 相关性分析表明, 南京凤眼莲的Pn 与其相对湿度呈极显著负相关(r=-0.831^**, n=6), 滇池凤眼莲的Pn 与气孔导度呈显著正相关(r=0.769^*, n=6), 太湖凤眼莲的相对湿度与叶片蒸腾速率呈显著负相关(r=-0.818^*, n=6)。可见影响不同地区Pn 的外界因子有差异, 但除外界光强外, 相对湿度也是影响其Pn 高低的重要生态因子。(3)不同生态地区形态有差异的植株已形成了相应的光合潜力, 生长能力最强的太湖地区植株,光合能力也最强, P_max 最大(36.29±1.21 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)且光饱和点最高(LSP, 2 350.0±69.0 μmol·m^-2·s^-1); 相关性分析进一步表明, 株高和光补偿点(LCP)以及茎叶长度与光饱和点均呈显著正相关, 相关系数分别为r=0.998^*、r=0.997^*(n=10)。本研究可为不同地区利用凤眼莲净化富营养水域的高产栽培提供参考。