泡桐栽植与管理技术探析

从栽植方法、抚育管理以及病虫害防治等方面,介绍了泡桐丰产栽培的技巧。     

Ecologically Based Strategies for Pest Control in Grassland Ecosystems

The researches were carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at Cluj-Napoca （Romania）, in laboratory and field conditions （grassland ecosystems）, in four experiments. Our purpose was to study and use some ecological pest control methods based on indirect and direct strategies： （1） the harmful fauna monitoring in grassland ecosystems and useful fauna identification （by visual control, manually collecting, striking method on a tarpaulin）; （2） the use of some physico-mechanical and biotechnical methods （use of barriers-vessels, repellents, attractant traps-alimentary, visual） to control the pests. The researches concerning the indirect strategies, carried out from Mars 2007 to September 2009. There were identified 28 pest species and 29 useful ones. The direct strategies to control the pests consisted of 3 experiments. The use of colored traps with water （August 2008） on a meadow with ryegrass and clover, in 6 variants （white, silver, orange, green, blue and red） ＋ control （yellow）, recorded a very good efficacy at all variants excepting the red trap （variant 6）. The use of repellents （August 2008）, absinth decoction （against aphids and ants）, bracken extract （against aphids and snails）, common tansy decoction （against ants and soil pests） and kaolinite （against a large amount of pests）, recorded good results removing the pests. The attractant traps with alimentary baits （beer）, meant the use of 10 vessels on a 1000 m2 area, which captured 200 slugs （August 2009）. All three methods recorded a good efficacy against the pests.     

Open geospatial technology standards and their potential in plant pest risk management—GPS-enabled mobile phones utilising open geospatial technology standards Web Feature Service Transactions support the fighting of fire blight in Norway

The threat posed by invasive alien species to global crop production and biodiversity is recognized as one of the major drivers of global change today. Here we report on a successful implementation and operational use of new technology to support risk- and crisis management in the case of fighting an invasive plant disease. The open geospatial standards Web Feature Service Transaction (WFS-T) was implemented in software for GPS-enabled mobile phones communicating with a GeoServer backend in order to track down and eradicate disease outbreaks and susceptible host plants. This new technology offering georeferenced events online from field provides new possibilities for real time action in risk and crisis management.     

衡阳水稻病虫害特点及其与气象相关性研究

对衡阳水稻病虫害特点及其与气象相关性进行研究,结果表明,衡阳虫害发生面积是病害的近4倍,而病害的危害严重程度是虫害的2倍以上;虫害与病害所造成的减产损失分别为57.83%和42.17%;夏季强降水有利于病虫害的发生;随着气候变暖,低温天气对当地虫害越冬的抑制作用在减弱,而对迁徙性害虫的影响微乎其微;高温高湿天气有利于纹枯病的发生和蔓延,中、晚稻破口至抽穗期如遇高温干旱天气,则不利于稻曲病的发生。     

中国柞树主要害虫名录(Ⅱ)

记述了我国有关鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)钩蛾科(Drepanidae)、尺蛾科(Geometridae)、蓑蛾科(Psychidae)、鹿蛾科(Amati-dae)、枯叶蛾科(Lasiocampidae)、家蚕蛾科(Bombycidae)、大蚕蛾科(Saturniidae)、天蛾科(Sphingoidae)共8个科的柞树主要害虫80种,分别介绍了害虫的中文名称、学名、寄主种类及主要分布区域,为有效控制尺蛾类、枯叶蛾类等柞树主要害虫的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

高寒地区日光温室娃娃菜栽培技术

介绍了娃娃菜的播种育苗、苗期管理、定植、病虫害防治和采收技术。     

农用有机硅喷雾助剂在害虫化学防治中的应用

随着化学农药过量施用造成的污染逐年加大,农用有机硅喷雾助剂在农业领域化学防治中的应用在近年来得到更进一步的重视。简要介绍了农用有机硅助剂的发展概况,润湿性、展扩性和渗透性等三大优良性状,回顾了有机硅助剂在农业害虫防治领域的应用进展。最后,进一步强调了农用有机硅喷雾助剂在化学防治中节药省水的功效,并提出了需要注意和进一步研究明确的问题。     

蔬菜抗虫性研究进展

对蔬菜抗虫机制、抗虫性遗传以及抗虫种质资源的鉴定等方面的研究成果与研究技术进行了综述,讨论了蔬菜抗虫性研究中存在的问题和研究前景。     

Benefits of a maize–bean–weeds mixed cropping system in Urubamba Valley,Peruvian Andes

Abstract

In the Urubamba Valley, Peruvian Andes, we evaluated the abundance of insect pests and natural enemies in experimental plots where maize was grown either as monoculture, intercropped with beans, or intercropped with beans plus associated weeds. We also assessed the consequences of the cropping system for maize yield. The main insect pests recorded were Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Carpophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Pagiocerus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and their overall abundance did not differ among crop diversity treatments. However, there was a significant adverse effect of crop diversity on the maximum abundance of both Carpophilus and Pagiocerus. The main beneficial arthropods were Paratriphleps sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), ladybirds and spiders, and their density did not differ among treatments. Maize yield did not decrease with increasing plant diversity. The reported benefits of intercropping, together with the associated efficiency in land use, make this traditional agricultural practice a valuable alternative to the use of pesticides, particularly for resource-poor Andean farmers.     

水稻二化螟性诱测报与防治技术研究

为了研究二化螟诱剂的诱蛾能力与测报效果,进行二化螟性诱剂与灯光诱捕的测报对比试验.结果表明:二化螟性诱剂具有较强的诱蛾能力,其诱娥量高于灯光诱捕的诱蛾量,且受环境影响较小,诱测结果能够反映出二化螟当年发生的实际情况;二化螟性诱剂防治示范试验表明,性诱剂对二化螟有较好防治效果,可作为绿色防控的有效手段之一.